Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization PDF
Preview Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization
Vijay Veer · Reji Gopalakrishnan Editors Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization Vijay Veer (cid:129) Reji Gopalakrishnan Editors Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization Editors Vijay Veer Reji Gopalakrishnan Defence Research Laboratory (Defence Defence Research Laboratory (Defence Research and Development Research and Development Organisation) Organisation) Tezpur , Assam , India Tezpur , Assam , India ISBN 978-81-322-2702-1 ISBN 978-81-322-2704-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2704-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015959024 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer India 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword I ndians have vast inherited knowledge about traditional and herbal medicines as India being one of the megacentres of biodiversity is home to a large num- ber of plant and animal species. The traditional health-care practices in the country are based on the exploration of this rich biodiversity for the benefi t of mankind. Most of the traditional practitioners use traditional medicines according to their own way including method of preparations, recipes, etc. But it is true that rationality or claims are perhaps missing when scientifi cally judged. The traditional medicines are composed of plants, minerals, and organic matter, whereas herbal drugs are prepared from medicinal plants and have phyto-constitution. The advancements in modem medicine have led to a scenario where many of these indigenous traditional knowledge resources were underutilized due to lack of their proper standardization. However, in recent times there is a renewed interest of academic and government institu- tions and pharmaceutical companies to tap the potential of natural products as sources of biomedicines and biopesticides by utilizing the modern techniques with integrated approach. Herbal drugs are considered safe by and large as they are not having much side effects and are cost-effective. It is seen during last few decades that the herbal drugs are also taking major role in the Western world particularly in the treatment of metabolic diseases, terminal disease, etc. Similarly, indis- criminate use of chemical insecticides in agriculture has resulted in the devel- opment of insecticide resistance and pest resurgence. Thus the focus in crop pest management is now shifting towards plant-derived insecticides. The farmers and the consumers are increasingly becoming aware of the ill effects of chemical insecticides on environment and health. This has created a huge opportunity for exploration and commercialization of safer and effec- tive herbal products as biomedicines, herbal insecticides and herbal repellents. In this context, it is laudable that Dr. Vijay Veer and Dr. Reji Gopalakrishnan have taken the effort to bring out a book H erbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization . This book has chapters contributed by distinguished scientists from the country’s premiere research laboratories and academic institutions. The topics covered range from plant- derived insecticides to phyto-pharmaceuticals. The latest trends in botanical formulations are discussed along with the emerging fi eld of plant vaccine development. The highlight of this book is the emphasis given to commer- cialization of herbal products. A whole chapter is devoted to IPR issues on v vi Foreword herbal products, which would be tremendously helpful to those involved in herbal product development. The chapter on the guidelines to be followed in the registration and commercialization of herbal products would enlighten the readers with valuable information in bringing their products from the laboratory to the end users. Information contained in this book will be helpful to the R&D/academic institutions in transfer of technology to industry and in commercialization of their herbal products. I believe that this book will be immensely benefi cial to researchers, academicians, industrialists, and stu- dents alike for exploring, understanding, and utilizing the herbal wealth of our country. I wish the authors and the editors all success in their future endeavours and hope they continue their pursuit of excellence in herbal research and development. Defence Research & Development Organisation Manas K. Mandal New Delhi , India Pref ace T he incidence of various diseases is on the rise world over. This may be due to early detection and accessibility to medical care, change in life style and exposure to a large number of environmental carcinogens. However, on the other hand the discovery of new drugs is slow because the new drug develop- ment is a complex and lengthy process and quite expensive one. It takes about 10–12 years and costs about 1 billion US dollar for one drug. In this scenario, there is a need to adopt an integrated approach where Ayurvedic wisdom and traditional or tribal knowledge can synergize the drug discovery from plant sources. Thus there is a need of change in paradigm to involve different dis- ciplines like combinatorial chemistry, analytical chemistry, biological assay, microarray analysis and genetic engineering for new chemical entities. New chemical entity or novel bioactive molecule can be isolated from the right kind of plant through sequential or parallel extraction. This will save time and cost and will also enhance the success rate. Phytochemicals including the secondary metabolites are important source for biomedicines for various dis- eases, due to their safety and low toxicity. Similarly, phytochemicals can be good sources of effective and environmentally safe biopesticides for the con- trol of insect pests, which cause about 40 % crop loss in fi eld and store. India is blessed with a 5000-year-old Ayurvedic system and one of the 12 mega biodiversity centres having over 45,000 plant species, including about 3000 plant species of medicinal importance and 23,000 fungi, 25,000 algae, 1600 lichens, 1800 bryophytes and 30 million microorganisms. This gives us ample opportunity for drug development and for the discovery of new drugs. Unfortunately, this has not been exploited gainfully and India has lagged behind. Herbal drug industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Many chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer like paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids were developed from plant materials. There are many others like toxoids, fl avonoids, saponins, anthracene derivatives, cardiac glycosides qui- nolone, indole alkaloids, aromatic and laxatives, which are very much in demand in the world market. Herbal medicines worth 3500 US dollar are produced annually, whereas 1200 single ingredient and 10,500 polyherbal formulations are registered in India. Export-Import Bank of India has esti- mated the trade in medicinal plants at Rs 5500 crore, which is likely to grow to Rs 20,000 crore by the year 2030. Herbal medicines for various ailments are preferred in India and elsewhere because of their safety and low cost. There is a need to utilize India’s herbal heritage in better ways. This requires quality science in herbal medicine vii viii Preface based on our traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. For this, we to have to systematically work on the identifi cation of active constituents from the right kind of plant material and ensure correct amount of the active ingredi- ents in the formulation through adopting proper quality control and good manufacturing practices (GMP). We should comply with the WHO guidelines for quality assessment of plant material, plant preparation and fi nished products, and documentation on safety assessment through toxicological studies and ensure stability or shelf life of the formulation and effi cacy assessment in animal models. We should focus on polyherbal formulations for multi-target therapeutics rather than one disease–one drug approach. Then the selected medicinal plants need to be cultivated in an organized way involving the farmers and using tissue culture technology. This will not only provide substantial business both locally and globally but also make the traditional medicines available to a large number of rural people who have no access to modern medicine. We sincerely hope that this book will be useful for the development and commercialization of high-quality herbal products. Defence Research Laboratory (Defence Research Vijay Veer and Development Organisation) Reji Gopalakrishnan Tezpur , Assam , India Acknowledgements W e sincerely thank Dr. Manas K Mandal, Director General, Life Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organisation, and Dr. Lokendra Singh, Director, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, for their support, guidance and encouragement during the preparation of this book. The editors would like to thank all the authors who have enriched this book with their valuable contributions. We are thankful to Springer (India) Private Limited and the editorial team for their painstaking efforts in getting this book published in a timely manner. Dr. Vijay Veer Dr. Reji Gopalakrishnan (Editors) ix
The list of books you might like
