Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Translational Precision Medicine Approaches

365 Pages·2019·8.375 MB·English

by  Yujin Hoshida

Molecular and Translational Medicine
Series Editors: William B. Coleman · Gregory J. Tsongalis
Yujin Hoshida Editor
Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Translational Precision Medicine
Approaches
Molecular and Translational Medicine
Series Editors:
William B. Coleman
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Gregory J. Tsongalis
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, NH, USA
As we enter into this new era of molecular medicine with an expanding body of
knowledge related to the molecular pathogenesis of human disease and an increasing
recognition of the practical implications for improved diagnostics and treatment,
there is a need for new resources to inform basic scientists and clinical practitioners
of the emerging concepts, useful applications, and continuing challenges related to
molecular medicine and personalized treatment of complex human diseases. This
series of resource/reference books entitled Molecular and Translational Medicine is
primarily concerned with the molecular pathogenesis of major human diseases and
disease processes, presented in the context of molecular pathology, with implications
for translational molecular medicine and personalized patient care.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8176
Yujin Hoshida
Editor
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Translational Precision Medicine Approaches
Editor
Yujin Hoshida
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, TX
USA
ISSN 2197-7852 ISSN 2197-7860 (electronic)
Molecular and Translational Medicine
ISBN 978-3-030-21539-2 ISBN 978-3-030-21540-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21540-8
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Preface
The recent enormous advances in biotechnology, therapeutic development strategy,
and information technology have led to the emergence of precision medicine
approach, aiming to optimize patient care according to characteristics and needs of
each individual and subpopulation. This paradigm shift is relevant to hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) care because of the highly complex and heterogeneous clinical
demographics, natural history, and molecular pathogenesis across the patients.
Furthermore, HCC prognosis is still dismal, and its incidence keeps rising in
multiple regions, such as North America, in parallel with the epidemic of obesity
and metabolic syndrome. Thus, there is a mounting expectation for introducing the
precision medicine concept in the HCC care to make a significant impact on this
growing global health issue.
Studies have been elucidating promising therapeutic targets and developing
useful tools that will help introduce new tailored approaches in HCC screening,
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, which have potential to transform clinical care
of HCC patients. These achievements represent unprecedented opportunities to
clinically implement the novel strategies with the rapidly expanding biomedical and
IT infrastructure and resources. The major challenge is to coordinate the efforts
across highly multidisciplinary and diverse expertise involved in the HCC care and
research, including clinical hepatology, surgical oncology, diagnostic and
interventional radiology, population science, high-throughput omics, systems
biology, nanomedicine, biomarker, molecular targeted therapies, and experimental
modeling.
This book was planned to assist the collaboration between the diverse disciplines
and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by
providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological
trend and population-level patient management strategies (Chaps. 1, 2, and 3), new
diagnostic and prognostic tools (Chaps. 4, 5, 6, and 7), recent advances in the
standard care and novel therapeutic approaches (Chaps. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13),
v
vi Preface
and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools (Chaps.
14, 15, and 16), by the leaders in the respective fields. The editor hopes that this
book helps promote the development of personalized precision care strategies that
leads to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.
Dallas, TX, USA Yujin Hoshida
February 2019
Acknowledgments
The editor would like to thank the authors for contributing the up-to-date and
thoughtfully written chapters. The editor would also like to thank the following
funding supports: Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RR180016),
US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
(R01DK099558), European Commission (ERC-2014-AdG-671231), and Irma
T. Hirschl Trust.
vii
Contents
Part I C linical Demographics and Management
1 Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Precision
Personalized Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Naoto Fujiwara, Po-Hong Liu, Sai Krishna Athuluri-Divakar,
Shijia Zhu, and Yujin Hoshida
2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and Staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Amit G. Singal, Neehar D. Parikh, Nicole E. Rich, Binu V. John,
and Anjana Pillai
3 Changing Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
and Role of Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Yueran Zhuo, Qiushi Chen, and Jagpreet Chhatwal
Part II D iagnosis and Prognostication
4 Radiological Diagnosis and Characterization of HCC . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Naik Vietti Violi, Sara Lewis, Stefanie Hectors, Daniela Said,
and Bachir Taouli
5 Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue
for Biomarker Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Connor A. West, Alyson P. Black, and Anand S. Mehta
6 Molecular Subtypes and Genomic Signatures
of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Prognostication
and Therapeutic Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Sung Hwan Lee, Sun Young Yim, Jae-Jun Shim,
and Ju-Seog Lee
7 Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Irun Bhan, Daniel A. Haber, Raymond T. Chung,
and David T. Ting
ix
x Contents
Part III Treatment
8 Surgical Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Caitlin A. Hester and Adam C. Yopp
9 Interventional Radiologic Therapies for Hepatocellular
Carcinoma: From Where We Began to Where We Are Going . . . . . . 169
Patrick D. Sutphin, Daniel Lamus, Sanjeeva P. Kalva, Junjie Li,
and Ian R. Corbin
10 Precision Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular
Carcinoma: Percutaneous Ablation and Radiotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Ryosuke Tateishi and Naoto Fujiwara
11 Molecular-Targeted Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . 225
Amit Mahipal, Anuhya Kommalapati, Rutika Mehta,
and Richard D. Kim
12 Immune Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Zachary J. Brown and Tim F. Greten
13 Prevention Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Derek J. Erstad, Allen A. Razavi, Shen Li, Kenneth K. Tanabe,
and Bryan C. Fuchs
Part IV M olecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Discovery
14 Molecular Alterations and Heterogeneity
in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Man Hsin Hung and Xin Wei Wang
15 Stromal and Immune Drivers of Hepatocarcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Antonio Saviano, Natascha Roehlen, Alessia Virzì,
Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Yujin Hoshida,
Joachim Lupberger, and Thomas F. Baumert
16 Experimental Models for Preclinical Research
in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Pedro Molina-Sánchez and Amaia Lujambio
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359