Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease, and the Vaccine PDF
Preview Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease, and the Vaccine
Hepatitis B The Virus, the Disease, and the Vaccine Hepatitis B The Virus, the Disease, and the Vaccine Edited by Irving Millman Institute for Cancer Research Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Toby K. Eisenstein Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Baruch S. Blumberg Institute for Cancer Research Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Hepatitis B: the virus, the disease, and the vaccine. "Proceedings of a symposium . . . held November 11-12, 1982, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"—Verso t.p. Sponsored by Eastern Pennsylvania Branch, American Society for Microbiology and others. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Hepatitis B vaccine—Congresses. 2. Hepatitis B—Congresses. 3. Hepatitis viruses—Congresses. I. Millman, Irving, 1923- .II. Eisenstein, Toby K. III. Blumberg, Baruch S. IV. American Society for Microbiology. Eastern Pennsylvania Branch. QR189.5.H46H47 1984 616.3/623 84-11510 ISBN 978-1-4899-0371-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-0371-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-0369-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0369-3 Proceedings of a Symposium on Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease, and the Vaccine, held November 11-12, 1982, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1984 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher SPONSORS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM Eastern Pennsylvania Branch, American Society for Microbiology Merck Sharp & Dohme Bureau of Laboratories, Pennsylvania Department of Health Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hahnemann University Department of Microbiology, Thomas Jefferson University Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Pennsylvania v ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Conference Co-chairmen Baruch S. Blumberg Irving Millman Institute for Cancer Research Institute for Cancer Research Fox Chase Cancer Center Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Symposium Committee Chairperson Toby K. Eisenstein Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA Committee Carl Abramson Morton Klein Pennsylvania College of Temple University Podiatric Medicine School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Josephine Bartola Linda Miller Bureau of Laboratories Bryn Mawr Hospital Pennsylvania Department of Health Bryn Mawr, PA Lionville, PA Kenneth R. Cundy Norman P. Willett Temple University Temple University School of Medicine School of Dentistry Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors are indebted to the Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology under whose sponsorship this conference was held, and to the members of the organizing committee whose hard work made the symposium possible. We would also like to thank Dr. Henry Bielstein, the branch President for his encouragement and enthusiastic support of this endeavor. The Pennsylvania Department of Health-Bureau of Laboratories generously handled mailings and registrations. We are also grateful to Temple University School of Medicine, Hahnemann Medical College, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, and the School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania for their sponsorship. The Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Temple University and the Division of Clinical Research of the Institute for Cancer Research were particularly supportive of this conference and this volume by providing office services. This conference would not have been possible without the generous financial support of Merck Sharp and Dohme whose contribution we gratefully acknowledge. The excellent proofreading skills of Joyce Codispoti and Peggy Nowak are appreciated. Finally, many thanks to Maureen Walsh for her beautiful camera-ready copy of the manuscripts. CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction • • • • 1 T. K. Eisenstein Keynote Address: The Australia Antigen Story. • • • • • • •• 5 B. S. Blumberg THE VIRUS AND ITS TRANSMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hepatitis B Viruses • • • • • • • • 33 J. Summers Medical Consequences of the Carrier State • • • • • • • • • • • 45 W. T. London The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 J. L. Dienstag CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC PERSPECTIVES OF HBV The Morphologic Expression of Hepatitis B • • • • • • • 67 E. Skarinsky and E. Rubin Assays for Hepatitis B Virus ••••••••••••••••• 95 C-M. Ling Immunologic Responses to Hepatitis B Virus and their Interpretations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 105 B. G. Werner, J. L. Dienstag, B. J. Kuter, D. R. Snydman, B. F. Polk, D. E. Craven, R. Platt, C. S. Crumpacker, and G. F. Grady Hepatitis B Infection Control Among Physicians, Dentists and Laboratory Personnel • • • • • • • • • • • • 113 W. J. Schneider ix x CONTENTS Control Measures for Hepatitis B Problems in Dentistry • • • • 123 V. J. Brightman and R. Weibel THE VACCINE The Development of the Hepatitis B Vaccine ••••••••• • 137 I. Millman Clinical Experience with Hepatitis B Vaccine ••••••••• 149' A. A. McLean, E. B. Buynak, B. J. Kuter, M. R. Hi I 1eman, and D. J. West Hepatitis B Vaccine Trials, Experience and Review ••••••• 161 R. E. Weibel Priorities for the Use of Hepatitis B Vaccine ••••••••• 175 R. H. Bernier, M. A. Kane, N. Nathanson, and D. P. Francis VACCINE ECONOMICS: ISSUES AND ANSWERS Newly Licensed Hepatitis B Vaccine • • • • • • 189 R. J. Gerety VACCINES OF THE FUTURE Characterization and Mapping of Viral and Putative Viral-Cellular Transcripts in a Hepatitis B Virus Infected Human Hepatoma Cell Line and in Chimpanzee Carrier Liver • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 195 P. R. Chakraborty, N. Ruiz-Opazo, and D. A. Shafritz Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Polypeptide and Synthetic Peptide Vaccines • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 215 G. R. Dreesman, I. Ionescu-Matiu, Y. Sanchez, R. C. Kennedy, J. T. Sparrow, and J. L. Melnick Synthesis and Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Heterologous Systems • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 225 P. Valenzuela, P. Bull, D. Coit, B. Craine, R. Hallewell, U. Heberlein, O. Laub, F. Masiarz, A. Medina, and S. Rosenberg Closing Remarks • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 237 I. Millman CONTENTS xi Abbreviations .241 Contributors • •• 245 Index • .249
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