Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice

2650 Pages·2017·168.26 MB·English

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2015v1.0
HEMATOLOGY
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
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SEVENTH EDITION
HEMATOLOGY
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
Ronald Hoffman, MD Jeffrey I. Weitz, MD
Albert A. and Vera G. List Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical
Tisch Cancer Institute Sciences
Hematology-Oncology Section McMaster University
Department of Medicine Executive Director
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute
New York, New York Canada Research Chair in Thrombosis
Heart and Stroke Foundation J. F. Mustard Chair in
Edward J. Benz, Jr., MD Cardiovascular Research
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
President and CEO Emeritus, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Richard and Susan Smith Distinguished Professor of
John Anastasi, MD
Medicine, Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Genetics
Harvard Medical School Associate Professor, Department of Pathology
Director and Principal Investigator Emeritus, Dana-Farber/ University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine
Harvard Cancer Center Director, Section of Hematopathology
Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Hematology Laboratory
University of Chicago Medical Center
Leslie E. Silberstein, MD Chicago, Illinois
Professor of Pathology (Pediatrics)
Mohamed E. Salama, MD
Harvard Medical School
Director, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine Professor of Pathology and Clinical Hematology
Boston Children’s Hospital The University of Utah School of Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Chief of Hematopathology and Vice President
Boston, Massachusetts ARUP Reference Laboratories
Salt Lake City, Utah
Helen E. Heslop, MD, DSc (Hon)
Dan L. Duncan Chair Online Updates Editor
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Syed Ali Abutalib, MD
Director, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy
Baylor College of Medicine Assistant Director
Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant
Houston, Texas Leader, Hematology Program Development
Cancer Treatment Centers of America
Chicago, Illinois
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FAS1_2018_00_Frontmatter_i-xxii.indd 4 10/12/17 10:39 AM
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HEMATOLOGY, Basic Principles and Practice, SEVENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-35762-3
Copyright © 2018 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 73: “Pathologic Basis for the Classification of Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphomas” is in the Public
Domain.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
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and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they
have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and
contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of
their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient,
and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., 2009, 2005, 2000, 1995, and 1991
by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hoffman, Ronald, 1945- editor.
Title: Hematology : basic principles and practice / [edited by] Ronald
Hoffman, Edward J. Benz, Jr., Leslie E. Silberstein, Helen E. Heslop,
Jeffrey I. Weitz, John Anastasi, Mohamed Salama.
Other titles: Hematology (Hoffman)
Description: 7th edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2018] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017003035 | ISBN 9780323357623 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Hematologic Diseases–diagnosis | Hematologic
Diseases–therapy | Blood Physiological Phenomena
Classification: LCC RC633 | NLM WH 120 | DDC 616.1/5–dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2017003035
Content Strategist: Kayla Wolfe
Content Development Manager: Lucia Gunzel
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Senior Project Manager: Cindy Thoms
Book Designer: Ryan Cook
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the numerous authors who have toiled to create the chapters that constitute this book. Their energy and
perseverance are emblematic of their continued commitment to the value of scholarship and education
in medicine. The work of each of these authors enhances our knowledge of hematology, which ultimately
leads to improved care for patients with blood disorders. To my wife, Nan, and my children, Michael, Judith,
Daniel, and Margot, who continue to support my efforts and help me maintain a firm footing in life. To
President Barack Obama who has created a country in which I am happy to live and who will always be my
role model. To the members of my laboratory and clinical trials groups who make it a pleasure to come to
work each day. This edition would not have happened without the continued support of the staff at Elsevier,
especially Lucia Gunzel, who has made each edition significantly better and who provides the good cheer
that allows us to complete this book. I would also like to acknowledge my colleagues at the Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai School who continue to value the contribution that this book represents. Last, but
not least, our loyal readers, who have made this book a success for more than 25 years and continue to
value and use it in a manner that enhances their professional pursuits.
Ronald Hoffman, MD
To my wife, Peggy, for your support, inspiration, and partnership; to our children, Tim, Jenny, Julie, and
Rob, for your understanding; to our grandchildren for delighting us during this phase of our lives; to my
mentors, Art Parde, Arthur Nienhuis, Bernie Forget, and David Nathan, for your support and guidance; to
Addy Donnelly and Amy Thorp, for your incredible skill, patience, and good humor throughout this project;
and to the many patients and volunteers whose willingness to participate in clinical research made much of
the knowledge conveyed by this book possible.
Edward J. Benz, Jr., MD
To my friends and family for their love and support; to my mentors, Eugene M. Berkman and Robert
S. Schwartz, who have provided me with invaluable guidance; to my colleagues at the University of
Pennsylvania and Harvard, who have helped me develop academic transfusion medicine programs; and to
the trainees who make this endeavor enjoyable and worthwhile.
Leslie E. Silberstein, MD
To my family, friends, and all of my present and former colleagues and trainees for their support and
encouragement; to all my mentors in hematology who have provided guidance, in particular, Michael Beard
and Malcolm Brenner.
Helen E. Heslop, MD
To my wife, Julia, for her love and unwavering support: I would be lost without her; to my children, Daniel
and Kyle, for their understanding and encouragement; to Gwen, for extending our family; to my colleagues
for providing me with an environment for learning and growth; and to my trainees, for making this all
worthwhile.
Jeffrey I. Weitz, MD
To my respected clinical colleagues with appreciation for trusting me with the diagnostic material from their
patients; to my esteemed teachers, Jim Vardiman, Diana Variakojis, and from long ago, C. Robert Valeri,
for your many lessons focused on things at both ends of the microscope; and to my awesome trainees; it
is always a great pleasure to watch you grow to appreciate the serious, yet amazing, nature of our work.
John Anastasi, MD
I wish to express my appreciation to my family. I am grateful for the support, love, and inspiration from
Nahla, Youssef, and Farah.
Mohamed E. Salama, MD
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CONTRIBUTORS
Omar Abdel-Wahab, MD Aśok C. Antony, MD, MACP
Assistant Member in the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Chancellor’s Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of
Program, Attending Physician, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Megaloblastic Anemias
New York
Stem Cell Model of Hematologic Diseases David J. Araten, MD
Assistant Professor, New York University School of Medicine, New
Janet L. Abrahm, MD York VA Medical Center, Division of Hematology, Laura and Isaac
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Adult Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical
Palliative Care, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Center, New York, New York
Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Palliative Medicine, Complement and Immunoglobulin Biology Leading to Clinical
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Translation
Massachusetts
Palliative Care Philippe Armand, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber
Sharon Adams, MT, CHS (ABHI) Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
Supervisor, HLA Laboratory, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hematologic Malignancies
NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
Human Leukocyte Antigen and Human Neutrophil Antigen Systems Gillian Armstrong, PhD
The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland
Adeboye H. Adewoye, MD Investigational New Drug–Enabling Processes for Cell-Based Therapies
Director, Clinical Research Hematology-Oncology, Gilead Sciences,
Inc, Foster City, California Scott A. Armstrong, MD, PhD
Pathobiology of the Human Erythrocyte and Its Hemoglobins Chairman, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Associate Chief, Division of Hematology/Oncology,
Carl Allen, MD, PhD Boston Children’s Hospital; David G. Nathan Professor of
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Houston, Texas Pathobiology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Infectious Mononucleosis and Other Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated
Diseases Donald M. Arnold, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School
Richard F. Ambinder, MD, PHD of Medicine, McMaster University; Associate Medical Director,
Professor of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Baltimore, Maryland Diseases of Platelet Number: Immune Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal
Virus-Associated Lymphomas Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia, and Posttransfusion Purpura
Claudio Anasetti, MD Andrew S. Artz, MD, MS
Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology,
Florida University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Hematology in Aging
John Anastasi, MD Farrukh T. Awan, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio
Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine; Director, Secton of State University, Columbus, Ohio
Hematopathology, Clinical Hematology Laboratory, University of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
The Pathologic Basis for the Classification of Non-Hodgkin and Trevor P. Baglin, MB, PhD
Hodgkin Lymphomas Consultant Hematologist, Hematology, Addenbrookes Hospital,
Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals, Cambridge, United
Julia A. Anderson, MBChB, MD Kingdom
Consultant Hematologist, Department of Clinical and Laboratory Regulatory Mechanisms in Hemostasis
Hematology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland;
Honorary Senior Lecturer, College of Medicine and Veterinary Don M. Benson, Jr., MD
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland Associate Professor of Clinical Internal Medicine, Department
Hypercoagulable States of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State
University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
Joseph H. Antin, MD Natural Killer Cell Immunity
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Stem
Cell Transplantation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid
Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Adults
vii