Help Me to Find My People The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History & Culture Waldo E. Martin Jr. & Patricia Sullivan, editors Heather Andrea Williams The African American Search for Family Lost in Slavery The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill This book was published with the assistance of the John Hope Franklin Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. ©2012 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Designed by Sally Fry Set in Minion and Jenson by Rebecca Evans Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Williams, Heather Andrea. Help me to ind my people : the African American search for family lost in slavery / by Heather Andrea Williams. p. cm. — (The John Hope Franklin series in African American history and culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 8078- 3554-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Slavery — S ocial aspects — U nited States — H istory. 2. African American families — H istory. 3. Slaves — F amily relationships — U nited States — H istory. I. Title. E443.W63 2012 306.3′620973 — d c23 2011050216 16 15 14 13 12 5 4 3 2 1 In memory of my father, Andrew E. Williams, and for Clay, again Contents Introduction 1 Part 1. Separation Chapter 1. Fine Black Boy for Sale Separation and Loss among Enslaved Children 21 Chapter 2. Let No Man Put Asunder Separation of Husbands and Wives 47 Chapter 3. They May See Their Children Again White Attitudes toward Separation 89 Part 2. The Search Chapter 4. Blue Glass Beads Tied in a Rag of Cotton Cloth The Search for Family during Slavery 119 Chapter 5. Information Wanted The Search for Family ater Emancipation 139 Part 3. Reunification Chapter 6. Happiness Too Deep for Utterance Reuniication of Families 171 Epilogue Help Me To Find My People Genealogies of Separation 189 Notes 203 Bibliography 225 Acknowledgments 235 Index 239
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