Hellenistic Relief Molds from the Athenian Agora

121 Pages·1989·8.56 MB·English

by  Claireve Grandjouan

HESPERIA: SUPPLEMENT XXIII
HELLENISTICRE LIEF MOLDS
FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA
BY
CLAIREVEG RANDJOUAN
COMPLE'i'ELB Y
EIfTF .N MARKSON AND SUSAN I. ROTROFF
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1989
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grandjouan,C laireve.
Hellenistic relief molds from the Athenian Agora / by Claireve Grandjouan;
completedb y Eileen Markson and Susan I. Rotroff.
p. cm. - (Hesperia. Supplement ; 23)
Includes bibliographicalr eferences.
ISBN 0-87661-523-X: $25.00
1. Agora (Athens, Greece)-Antiquities-Catalogs. 2. Athens (Greece)-
Antiquities-Catalogs. 3. Modeling-Catalogs. 4. Art, Hellenistic-Greece-
Athens-Catalogs. I. Markson, Eileen. II. Rotroff, Susan I., 1947- . III. Title.
IV. Series: Hesperia (Princeton, N.J.). Supplement; 23.
DF287.A23G73 1989
733'.3'09385-dc20
89-17655
CIP
TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
C/O INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
PLATES BY THE MERIDEN-STINEHOUR PRESS, MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY THE JOHN D. LUCAS PRINTING CO., BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
FOREWORD
This corpus of terracottam olds for the making of small rectangularp laques found an ideal
interpreter in the late Claireve Grandjouan. Born in Paris, Professor Grandjouan was
taught by her mother, among the wartime vicissitudeso f life in the French Caribbean,u p to
the level of admission to Bryn Mawr College. After taking her degree of A.B. from Bryn
Mawr in 1950 she proceededa s a student to the American School of Classical Studies at
Athens. From 1953 to 1957 she was closely associatedw ith the Agora Excavations.A fter
two seasons of field work she concentratedo n the study of terracottaf igurines and plastic
lamps of the Roman period. The results of this research were incorporatedi n a Ph.D.
dissertation presented to Bryn Mawr (1955) and subsequently published in a somewhat
abbreviatedf orm as Volume VI in the AthenianA gora series (1961). The book drew schol-
arly attention to Athenian productso f the 3rd and 4th centuries:" debased"b ut often strik-
ingly vivid and evocativeo f much contemporaryp roductioni n western Europe.
While at the Agora Claireve became intrigued by the terracotta molds that are the
theme of the present publication. Although a few comparablep ieces had turned up else-
where in the Greek world, the Agora collection was much the largest assemblagek nown.
Little had been written on the subject,a nd questions abounded.T his situation appealed to
the love of exploration and imaginative enquiry that marked all Claireve's scholarship.
Having accepteda n invitationt o preparea comprehensives tudy of the genre, she workedo n
it for the rest of her life in the slender intersticesl eft free in the busy career of teaching and
administrationt hat followed on her return to the U.S.A.
The fact that not one example of the Agora molds had survivedi ntact servedo nly as a
challenge to Claireve's artistic sensitivity in recoveringt he designs. Nor was she dismayed
by her failure to find a single cast that might have been made from one of these molds. Her
reaction is representedb y an illuminating discussiono f the various possible materials and
uses of the plaques. Dating was difficult,f or few of the pieces had been found in significant
chronologicalc ontexts, but the assiduous study of comparandai n other media such as met-
alwork and mosaics enabled her to propose for the genre a floruit in the late 4th and early
3rd centuries B.C.T his dating, incidentally, validates the molds as evidence for the much
discussedq uestion of Athenian contactsi n this period with South Italy and South Russia.
Recognizingt hat the productso f the molds must in many cases have fallen short of the
technical perfectiont hat we have come to expect of Athenian work of the Classical period,
our author reminds us that we are fortunatet o have here an instructives ample of Athenian
householda rt of the early Hellenistic age.
The actual body of material representingt he terracottam olds is not large and would be
insufficientf or a separatev olume in the Athenian Agora series, but it is too distinct and too
importantt o attach to some larger corpus as an appendix. Presentedw ith the alternativeo f
publicationa s a long article in Hesperia, the Committeeo n Publicationss uggestedt hat the
comparandai n other minor arts and their implications for cultural history be studied in
greater detail and appropriatelyi llustrated;t he expanded work would then be of a length
iv FOREWORD
suitable for a Hesperia Supplement.C lairevew elcomedt he proposale agerly, and the man-
uscript was acceptedp rovisionallyf or publicationi n that format.A lthough she was unable
to completet he augmenteds tudy as planned,t he Committeew ished to honort he agreement
to give the corpus independentp ublication.
At the time of her death in 1982 Claireve had completeda draft of her text which was
left in the hands of her friend, Miss Eileen Markson. The text is indeed completea nd in a
style redolent of her own characteristicf lavor. Some of the footnotes, however, required
completion,a s did also a list of acknowledgments.T hese needs have been taken care of by
Miss Markson of the Bryn Mawr College Libraryw ith the assistanceo f other friendso f the
late author, as explained below in her preface.
In view of the lapse of time between the author's death in 1982 and the date when
publication became possible (1989) it seemed well to take account of progress that had
occurredi n the relevants cholarshipi n that interval.T his has been done by ProfessorS usan
Rotroff, Claireve'sa cademics uccessora t Hunter College, in addition to some work on the
author's footnotesa s describedi n the note below (p. xvii). ProfessorR otroff, a recognized
authority on Athens of the Hellenistic period, is also a fellow contributorw ith Claireve to
the AthenianA goras eries, being the authoro f Volume XXII, Hellenistic Pottery:A thenian
and ImportedM oldmadeB owls (1982).
The readiness,i ndeed the eagernesso f these and many other fellow scholarst o assist in
preparing Claireve's manuscript for publication speaks eloquently of the admirationa nd
affectiont hat she had inspiredw ithin the profession.
Quite extraordinaryd evotiont o Claireve is attested also by the speedy response to an
appeal for financial assistancet oward the cost of publishing this Supplement.T he appeal
was organizedb y memberso f the faculty of Hunter College:P rofessorT amara M. Green, a
colleague over many years, and ProfessorS usan Rotroff. Contributionsw ere receivedf rom
colleagues,f ormers tudents,f riends,a nd admirers,a ll of whose lives had been brightenedb y
contactw ith this glowing personality.
Homer A. Thompson
Field Director Emeritus,
Agora Excavations
Publicationo f this Supplementh as been aided by contributionsf rom:
A. Edward Alexander WilliamJ . Mayer
Ronnie Ancona Mr. and Mrs. James R. McCredie
Yoel L. Arbeitman MachteldJ . Mellink
Shirley I. Aronoff Joan R. Mertens
Beryl Barr-Sharrar Mary B. Moore
Anna S. Benjamin David Moyer
Jean Bram The Barbaraa nd Eric Pleskow Fund
Blanche R. Brown JeromeJ . Pollitt
Robert L. Pounder
Jeanny Vorys Canby
Virginia Marshall Carson The Luther I. Replogle Foundation
John E. Coleman Brunilde S. Ridgway
Ellen N. Davis Fay E. Robison
G. Roger Edwards Linda Jones Roccos
Angela Fortuna Susan I. Rotroff
Alison Frantz Julia and Nino Russo
Gerald Freund Phyllis Saretta
Geraldine C. Gesell James N. Settle
Catherine E. Gorlin Theresa Shirer
Tamara M. and Martin Green Morton Smith
Anni Gutmann Evelyn Lord Smithson
Adele J. Haft-Zinovich Patricia Sonkin
Ruth Hardinger Doreen C. Spitzer
Evelyn B. Harrison Jacob and Susan Stern
Suzanne Heim Michele Stetz
Filia Holtzman Homer A. Thompson
Richard Hubbard Howland and Dorothy Burr Thompson
Judith B. Huertas Margaret Thompson
Spyros E. Iakovidis Marie M. Tolstoy
Martha C. Joukowsky Elizabeth L. Tourtellot
Guenter Kopcke MarjorieV enit
Elizabeth Marshall Kraft Emily Townsend Vermeule
and Rebecca F. Marshall LivingstonV . and Harriet B. Watrous
Anna Marguerite McCann Jane G. White
Mabel Lang RobertJ . White
Lynn R. Lidonnici Matthew I. and Martha H. Wiencke
Mary Aiken Littauer Malcolm Wiener
The KennethJ . Maas Fund Jordan Zinovich
Dana S. Matera
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORDby Homer A. Thompson ................... iii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.V . . . . .. ............. V
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .... ..... . ........... ix
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY .................... xi
PREFACEb y Eileen Markson ...................... xv
NOTEb y Susan I. Rotroff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. SHAPE AND FABRIC ........................ . 2
III. DATES.3 ............................ 3
4
IV. SUBJECTS .4........................
V. THE REPERTORY IN CONTEXT ..................... 16
VI. USE ........................ 32
VII. CONCLUSION. ... ................... 43
CATALOGUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
APPENDIX 1: THE FOOD OF THE HEROES. ................. 57
APPENDIX 2: AGORA DATED DEPOSITS ................... 69
CONCORDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES IN TEXT
1. Figures on bronze cheek piece from Palestrina ........ . ......... . 21
2. Malva sylvestris ................................ . 60
PLATES
PLAN
1-4. Dancing Maenad
5. Nike? Kalathiskos Dancer?
6. Kourete?A mazon?
7. Nereid? Ship. Triton
8. Nike and Chariot. Chariot Group
9. Chariot Group
10. Chariot Group? Apobates Group. Banquet
11. Banquet
12, 13. Miscellaneous Persons
14. Griffins Attacking Deer
15. Griffins Attacking Deer. Lions Attacking Horse
16. Lion or Griffin
17, 18. Predator
19. Panther. Bull
20. Boar. Fish
21. Gorgoneion
22. Gorgoneion?U ncertain
23. Uncertain
24. Fragments. Positives
25. Dancing Maenad: Cast and Mold from Chalkis
26. a. Lions Attacking a Cow: Mold from Agrileza, Laurion
b. Kalathiskos Dancer: Mold from Eretria
27. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 1: Dancing Maenad
28. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 2: Ship
29. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 3: Banquet
30. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 4: Griffins Attackinga Deer
31. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 5: Banquet
32. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 6: Banquet
33. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 7: Nike and Chariot
34. Sketchbook,D rawing No. 8: Lions Attackinga Bull
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ABBREVIATIONS OF PERIODICALS
AA = ArchdologischerA nzeiger
AAA = Athens Annals of Archaeology
Acme = Acme. Annali della Facolta di Filosofiae Lettered ell'Universitas tatale di Milano
AJA = AmericanJ ournal of Archaeology
AK = Antike Kunst
ArchCl = ArcheologiaC lassica
'APX'E 4 = 'ApXatoXoyLK;j'E E74pEpis
ASAtene = Annuariod ella R. ScuolaA rcheologicad i Atene
AthMitt = Mitteilungen des deutschena rchdologischenI nstituts,A thenischeA bteilung
AW = Antike Welt
BABesch = Bulletin van de Vereenigingt ot Bevorderingd er Kennis van de antieke Beschaving
BCH = Bulletin de correspondanceh ellenique
BdA = Bollettino d'Arte
BlnstHistBelgRom = Bulletin de l'Institut historiqueb elge de Rome
BMMA = Bulletin of the MetropolitanM useum of Art
BSA = Annual of the British Schoola t Athens
BSR = Papers of the British Schoola t Rome
CRAI = Comptesr endus de l'Academied es inscriptionse t belles lettres
AEXT = 'ApXaLohoyLKobA EArLov
"Epyov = To ,pyov rT7j 'ApxaLoAoyrK?js' EraLpelas
IJNA = InternationalJ ournal of Nautical Archaeologya nd UnderwaterE xploration
Jdl = Jahrbuchd es deutschena rchiologischenI nstituts
JdI-EH = Jahrbuchd es deutschena rchiologischenI nstituts, Ergiinzungsheft
JHS = Journal of Hellenic Studies
JHS-AR = Journal of Hellenic Studies,
MarbW inckProg = Marburger Winckelmann-ProgrammA rchaeologicaRl eports
Mdl = Mitteilungen des deutschena rchiologischenI nstituts
MonPiot = Monuments et memoires publies par l'Academie des inscriptions et belles lettres,
FondationP iot
NSc = Notizie degli scavi di antichita
OJh = Jahreshefted es osterreichischena rchiologischenI nstitutesi n Wien
OpusArch = OpusculaA rchaeologica
OpusAth = OpusculaA theniensia
OpusRom = Opuscula Romana
QAL = Quadernid i archeologiad ella Libia
RA = Revue archeologique
RivlstArch = Rivista dell'IstitutoN azionale d'Archeologiae Storia dell'Arte
RomaMedioRep = Roma medio repubblicana,A spetti culturali di Roma e del Lazio nei secoli IV e III
a.C., Rome 1973
RomMitt = Mitteilungen des deutschena rchiiologischenI nstituts, RomischeA bteilung
RomMitt-EH = Mitteilungen des deutschen archiologischen Instituts, Romische Abteilung,
Erginzungsheft
StEtr = Studi Etruschi
UniLausanne = Etudes de lettres.B ulletin de la Faculte des Lettresd e l'Universited e Lausannee t de la
Societed es Etudes de Lettres