Heliothis/Helicoverpa : 1993 supplement to the five-year National Research Action Plan for Development of Suppression Technologies : first annual review held in Junction, Texas, November 8-11, 1993

286 Pages·1994·16.7 MB·English

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
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Heliothis/Helicoverpa
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ch 1993 Supplement to the
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Five-Year National Research
1994
Action Plan for Development of
Suppression Technologies
First Annual Review
Held in Junction, Texas
November 8-11,1993
United States
Department of
Raulston, J.R., J Agriculture partment of Agriculture
P.D. Lingren, e<
^crimination in its programs
1993 Suppleme
!:olor, national origin, sex,
Research Actio
Ity, political beliefs, and
Suppression Te
fttus. (Not all prohibited bases
Held in Junctic
is.) Persons with disabilities
U.S. Departme
ive means for communication
Research Servi
ion (Braille, large print,
did contact the USD A Office
This report is i
} at [phone] (voice) or
by the authors
DD).
editing and de
own and do not necessarily retlect
iiium; V/l Uiv , write the Secretary of
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U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, DC 20250, or call [phone]
Mention of trade names, commercial products, or
(voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an
companies in this publication is solely for the
equal employment opportunity employer.
purpose of providing specific information and
does not imply recommendation or endorsement
by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others
not mentioned.
This publication reports research involving
pesticides. It does not contain recommendations
for their use nor does it imply that uses discussed
here have been registered. All uses of pesticides
must be registered by appropriate State or Federal
agencies or both before they can be
recommended.
While supplies last, single copies of this
publication may be obtained at no cost from
Robert M. Faust, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, BARC-West,
Bldg. 005, Rm. 338, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Copies of this publication may be purchased from
the National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161;
telephone [phone].
Issued October 1994
Contents
Progress Review Organizational Team .....ii Appendix A. Publication List, 1991-1993 ...150
Foreword .iii Appendix B. Meeting Agenda .178
Executive Summary .iv Appendix C. List of Registered Participants .180
Annual Review Objectives .v Appendix D. Action Area Presentations .184
Keynote Presentation: Ei7. Knipling .184
Action Area I. Host Plant Resistance Consultant Perspective Presentation:
Progress Reports .1 Stanley J. Nemec .188
Table 1. Summary of Research Progress . 9 Action Area I: R.G. Luttrell .191
Research Summary .11 Action Area II: L.F. Bouse ...206
Breakout Session Summary . 12 Action Area III: J.K. Westbrook, P.D. Lingren,
W.W. Wolf, and J.R. Raulston ......214
Action Area II. Chemical Control and Application Action Area IV: K.R. Beerwinkle, P.D. Lingren,
Technology T.N. Shaver, and J.D. Lopez, Jr.224
Progress Reports .13 Action Area V: J.R. Raulston, Hi. Cabanillas,
Table 2. Summary of Research Progress .24 TJ. Henneberry, and J.L. Lindegren ...........238
Research Summary .26 Action Area VI: S.K. Narang, J.E. Carpenter,
Breakout Session Summary ...28 L J. Heilmann, J.D. DeVault, and J.D. Lopez ...252
Appendix E. Review Team Report and
Action Area HI. Ecology and Population Dynamics Recommendations .271
Progress Reports .29
Table 3. Summary of Research Progress .61
Research Summary .65
Breakout Session Summary .66
Action Area IV. Behavior-Modifying Chemicals
Progress Reports ..69
Table 4. Summary of Research Progress .91
Research Summary .94
Breakout Session Summary .%
Action Area V. Biological Control
Progress Reports ..98
Table 5. Summary of Research Progress .129
Research Summary .131
Breakout Session Summary .132
Action Area VI. Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Basic
Physiology
Progress Reports .134
Table 6. Summary of Research Progress .145
Research Summary .148
Breakout Session Summary .149
i
PROGRESS REVIEW ORGANIZATIONAL TEAM
USDA-ARS National Program Leaders
J. R. Coppedge, Applied Entomology
R. M. Faust, Fundamental and Molecular Entomology
J. L. Krysan, Pest Management Systems
Steering Committee
P. D. Lingren, Chairman, College Station, Texas
J. R. Raulston, Program Coordinator, Weslaco, Texas
D. D. Hardee, Stoneville, Mississippi
H. R. Gross, Tifton, Georgia
L. F. Bouse , College Station, Texas
T. J. Henneberry, Phoenix, Arizona
E. R. Mitchell, Gainsville, Florida
Review Team
M. E. Irwin, University of Illinois
E. E. Ortman, Purdue University
W. Watts, Grower, South Carolina
R. W. Meola, Texas A&M University
S. J. Nemec, Nemec Agriservices Inc. Snook, Texas
Acknowledgments
The National Program Leaders, and Steering Committee sincerely appreciate the contributions of all the
participants. We especially appreciate the efforts of Jesus Esquivel, Ritchie Eyster, Henery Marshall, Denise
Mayfield, Mike O’Neil, Irene Sanders, Paul Schlieder, and Dale Spurgeon for their help in local arrangements,
accommodations, refreshments, etc.
u
FOREWORD
This ARS National Heliothis/Helicoverpa Working Conference progress report details the first annual review of
the revised 1991 (published February 1992) 5-year research action plan and contains a compilation of progress
reports, research summaries, work plans, publications and presentations by ARS scientists. The primary goal of
the National Heliothis/Helicoverpa research program for development of suppression technologies is to provide
the necessary research through a cooperative team effort that will lead to the development of environmentally-
sound, economical, and publicly-acceptable technologies for management of this pest complex.
The first Heliothis/Helicoverpa strategic planning conference was held in October 1985 in Memphis, Tennessee.
It was devoted to the identification of critical research needs and a review of the ARS research effort by
location, as well as an assessment of the number of scientists involved in research on this pest complex. A
second ARS-wide working conference with the goal to develop a revised research action plan was held on
September 16-19, 1991, in San Antonio, Texas. The published report of the conference detailed an updated 5-
year research action plan for development of suppression and management technologies for these pests. The
research action plan was categorized into six major research action areas and identified/confirmed high priority
research needs : (a) host-plant resistance; (b) chemical control and pesticide application technology; (c) ecology
and population dynamics; (d) behavior modifying chemicals; (e) biological control; and (f) genetics, molecular
biology, and basic physiology.
A third ARS-Wide Working Conference was held on November 8-11, 1993, in Junction, Texas to review
research progress of the 5-year research action plan since 1991. At this conference, co-coordinators for each of
the six action areas provided progress reports on the research action plan’s lead arrays, as well as research
summaries which are included in this report. The National Research Action Plan provides a dynamic mechanism
to ensure program focus and a framework for a unified effort.
The NPS expresses its gratitude to all working conference attendees for participating in the proceedings of the
conference and in preparing the comprehensive progress reports and research summaries. We are especially
indebted to the conference organizers and to the representatives from CSRS, universities, commodity groups,
and industries for their interactions and invaluable contributions.
James R. Coppedge Robert M. Faust
National Program Staff National Program Staff
Applied Entomology Fundamental & Molecular Entomology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Heliothis/Helicoverpa pest complex has a world-wide distribution and contains some of the most serious
pests to agriculture. Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea are pests on a wide variety of crops including
cotton, com, soybean, lettuce, tomato, tobacco, ornamental and other economic plants in the U.S. These pests
are responsible for a loss of about $2 billion annually in reduced yield and control costs. Current methods of
control rely on the field-to-field applications of synthetic chemical insecticides. Development of integrated
control strategies that reduce dependency on chemical insecticides is the primary focus for the ARS National
research program on Heliothis/Helicoverpa.
A Heliothis/Helicoverpa workshop was held on September 16-19, 1991 in San Antonio, TX, and a 5-year
research action plan for development of management and suppression technologies for these pests was
published. This research action plan was categorized into six major research action areas: (a) host-plant
resistance; (b) chemical control and pesticide application technology; (c) ecology and population dynamics; (d)
behavior-modifying chemicals; (e) biological control; and (f) genetics, molecular biology, and basic physiology.
The research program includes extensive collaboration with federal and state agencies, universities, and
industry.
A Heliothis/Helicoverpa action plan progress review was held on November 8-11, 1993, in Junction, TX.
Individual progress reports as well as action area summaries and additional research recommendations are
included in this supplement to the action plan.
Some significant accomplishments highlighted during the progress review included: (1) identification of several
commercial hybrid com lines with high levels of antibiosis against com earworm larvae;(2) identification of a
new chemical, "popsin" that suppresses com earworm growth and development; (3) improved formulation
technology for numerous commercially available chemical and biorational insecticides; (4) development of DNA
markers to distinguish geographical populations of com earworm; (5) improvement in pheromone formulation
technology for simultaneous mating disruption of com earworm and tobacco budworm; (6) characterization of
association between volatiles from infested plants and performance and behavior of adult parasitoids; (7)
demonstration of the nematode, Steinemema riobravis as a biological control agent for prepupae and pupae of
com earworm; (8) characterization of a rickettsia-like organism as a factor in backcross sterility of tobacco
budworm; and (9) a chemical taxonomic method to distinguish larvae of com earworm from those of tobacco
budworm.
A list of high priority research needs was generated by the research action area teams. These included: (1)
development of a marketing strategy for host-plant resistance traits that are currently "on the shelf"; (2) research
on the use of application technology in the early phases of the research programs; (3) increased efforts on the
identification and development of biologically-based control agents for area-wide management; (4) improvement
in methods to assess pesticide spray deposition and drift in terms of environmental/ecological impacts; (5)
development of rapid and inexpensive immunological techniques to distinguish immature stages of com earworm
and tobacco budworm for decision-based chemical application; (6) migration and dispersal of resistant
populations; (7) improved understanding of Heliothis/Helicoverpa ecology and population dynamics; (8)
identification of suitable markers for identification of the origin of immigrant moths; (9) determination of the
effects of host plants on adult reproduction and migration; (10) population models compatible with area-wide
management strategies; (11) development of new sampling technologies suitable for the estimation of adult
female and larval population densities; (12) determination of efficacy of sex pheromones for mating disruption;
(13) optimization of pheromone blends and dispensers for trapping systems; (14) methods for year-round
conservation of natural enemies and early season augmentation of natural enemies; (15) development of mass
rearing and quality control of both host insects and natural enemies; and (16) development of automated sexing
systems to separate males from females during early developmental stages.
IV
ANNUAL REVIEW OBJECTIVES
Periodic research progress reviews are an integral part of the 5-year National Research Action Plan for
Development of Suppression Technologies for Heliothis/Helicoverpa. The overall objective of this program
review was to examine the progress as well as the current and proposed research activities in relation to goals,
objectives and priorities of the ARS 5-year National Research Action Plan. Specific objectives were as follows.
1. Make an assessment of how ARS research activities are meeting objectives and action agency needs.
2. Identify areas where research is still lacking.
3. Provide answers to the questions:
a. Are all the needs and priorities outlined in the 1991 Action Plan still relevant.
b. Are there new priorities and needs that have emerged and, if so, what are they.
c. If there are new priorities, how can they best be addressed, i.e., what shifts and/or adjustments within the
ARS program could or should be considered.
4. Provide recommendations, where appropriate, on specific short- and long-term goals.
v