Hedge Management for Saint-Gardens National Historic Site, Cornish, New Hampshire

2008·8.7 MB·English

by  Auwaerter, John

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National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
ClemsonUniversi'
1604 018 860 983
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Hedge Management Plan
Olmsted
Center
for Saint-Gaudens
WD'
I.
National Historic Site
FEDERAL
PUBLICATION

Hedge Management Plan
for Saint-Gaudens
National Historic Site
CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE
JohnAuwaerter
GeorgeW. Curry, ProjectDirector
State University ofNewYork
College ofEnvironmental Scienceand Forestry
&UCDOGUlAi a.
DEPOSITORYITEM i
DEC 3 1 2003
ON
OlmstedCenterforLandscape Preservation i
NationalParkService,Boston,Massachusetts,2008 o
o
CM
HedgeManagementPlanforSaint-GaudensNationalHistoricSite
Thisreporthasbeenprepared inpartnershipwith the Olmsted Centerfor
LandscapePreservation,whichpromotesthepreservationofsignificant
landscapesthrough research,planning,stewardship,andeducation. TheCenter
accomplishesitsmissionin collaborationwith anetwork ofpartnersincluding
national parks,universities,governmentagenciesandprivate nonprofit
organizations. This reportwasdevelopedthroughacooperativeagreementwith
theDepartmentofLandscapeArchitectureatthe StateUniversityofNewYork
College ofEnvironmental Scienceand Forestry,Syracuse,NewYork.
Olmsted CenterforLandscape Preservation
BostonNationalHistorical Park
CharlestownNavyYard,QuartersC
MA
Boston, 02129
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.nps.gov/oclp/
PublicationCredits: Graphicsmaynotbereproducedwithoutthepermissionof
the ownersnotedinthecaptions. Otherinformation inthispublicationmaybe
copiedandusedwiththeconditionthatfull creditbegiventotheauthorsand
publisher. Appropriatecitationsandbibliographiccreditsshouldbemadefor
eachuse.
CoverPhoto: Hedgesintheterracegarden,May2006. (Olmsted Center)
TableofContents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX
INTRODUCTION 1
ExistingConditionsOverview 2
ExistingMaintenanceOverview 7
Analysis& EvaluationOverview 9
PART1: GENERAL HEDGE TREATMENT GUIDELINES 15
HedgeTreatmentPhilosophy 15
TreatmentGuidelinesforRenovationandReplacement 18
PART 2: HEDGE MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES 27
EnvironmentalConditions 27
Trimming 29
WeedingandMulching 31
ControlofDiseasesandPests 32
&
NurseryStock Propagation 33
RecordKeeping 35
PART 3: INDIVIDUAL HEDGE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES 37
WestMeadowHedge 37
HorseshoeHedge 41
CuttingGardenHedge 45
KitchenHedge 50
LittleStudioHedge 55
PanGroveHedge 58
TerraceGardenHedge 61
AdamsHedge 67
ShawHedge 72
GalleriesEntranceHedge 78
LincolnBustHedge 81
VisitorCenterHedge 84
Caretaker'sCottageHedge 85
ParkingLotHedge 88
PART 4: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRIORITIES
111
HedgeManagementPlanforSaint-GaudensNationalHistoricSite
ENDNOTES «5
ILLUSTRATIONS 121
ExistingConditionsPlan 121
TreatmentRecommendationsPlan 123
ReplacementSequencePlan 125
REFERENCE LIST 127
APPENDICES 129
A.DonLeopold,Ph.D.,ExaminationofHedges,January2007 129
B. HedgeMaintenanceSummary, 1994-2008 133
C. SummaryCalendarofHedgeMaintenancePractices 136
D. ExistingConditionsTable 138
IV
1 31
ListofIllustrations
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Titlepage:Hedgesintheterracegarden,2006.
FIGURES
Introduction
0.1 ViewlookingeastoverthekitchenandShawhedges,2006. 11
0.2 Aerialviewillustratingenvironmentalsetting,c.2004. 1
0.3 MaturewhitepinehedgeattheCanadianCentralExperimental
FarminOttawafortyyearsafterplanting,c.1931. 12
0.4 SamewhitepinehedgeasshowninFigure0.3,2006. 12
0.5 MaturehemlockhedgeattheCanadianExperimentalFarm,Agassiz,
BritishColumbia,approximatelyfortyyearsafterplanting,c.1930. 13
0.6 Hemlockhedge (similartofigure0.5) attheCanadianCentral
ExperimentalFarminOttawa,plantedin 1889,photographed2007. 1
0.7 Ratingofcommonhedgeformsbasedonhealthofhedge. 13
Part 1: General HedgeTreatmentGuidelines
1.1 Exampleofinterplantinginthehorseshoehedge,2006. 26
1.2 Viewlookingnorththroughtheterracegardenshowinglashed-branch
screeningalongtheweaksidesofwhitepinehedges,c.1920. 26
Part2: Hedge Maintenance Guidelines
2.1 Candle (newshoot) ofwhitepineshowingfiftypercentpinching. 36
Part3: Individual Hedge ManagementGuidelines
3. Westmeadowhedge,showingcharacterofc.1970plantsthirty-six
yearsafterplanting,2006. 92
3.2 ViewlookingwestalongSaintGaudensRoadshowingsiteof
westmeadowhedge,2006. 92
3.3 Viewlookingsouthwestatthenewlyplantedwhitepinesinthe
westmeadowhedge,2007. 92
3.4 Detailofa 1904planofthegroundsshowingoriginaldesignintent
ofthehorseshoehedge. 93
3.5 Horseshoehedge,generalviewlookingeastalongSaintGaudensRoad
showinginnerandoutersections,2007. 93
3.6 Horseshoehedge,detailofeastsideofoutersectionshowing
tapestryofwhitepineandhemlock,2007. 94
3.7 Detailofa 1904planofthegroundsshowingplanofcutting
gardenhedgefollowingrelocationofvegetablegarden. 94
HedgeManagementPlanforSaint-GaudensNationalHistoricSite
3.8 Thecuttinggardenhedge,viewlookingeastshowingtheopening
attheservicedriveandthechangefromhemlocktowhitepine. 94
3.9 Thecuttinggardenhedge,viewlookingwestshowinggenerally
fullsidecanopyongardenside,2006. 95
3.10 Thecuttinggardenhedge,viewlookingnortheastatbareunderstory
ofsectionH-5 facingSaintGaudensRoad,2006. 95
3.11 Thecuttinggardenhedge,viewlookingnorthwestatthegapinthe
westendofsectionH-6,2006. 96
3.12 Thekitchenhedge,viewlookingsouthatAspetwithsectionH-8
extendingoverthelatticefencefacingtheterracegarden,c.1946. 96
3.13 Thekitchenhedge,viewlookingeastfromthesecondfloorof
Aspetshowinggeneralconditions,2007. 96
3.14 Thekitchenhedge,viewlookingthroughtheinteriorshowingmassive
branchingofagedhemlocks,2006. 97
3.15 Thekitchenhedge,viewlookingnortheastatthedoglegportion
ofH-7,2006. 97
3.16 Thekitchenhedge,viewlookingsoutheaststeppingupadjacent
toAspetontheupperterrace,2006. 97
3.17 Planandsection-elevationdetailofintersectionofkitchenandterrace
gardenhedgesshowingproportionalrelationships. 98
3.18 TheLittle StudioandPangrovehedges,viewlookingsouth,c.1905. 98
3.19 TheLittleStudiohedge,viewlookingsoutheast,2006. 99
3.20 TheLittleStudiohedgeviewlookingwestshowingnon-historic
alignmentandopening,2006. 99
3.21 ThePangrove,viewlookingnorthshowingthinningwhitepine
hedgeinbackground, 1924. 99
3.22 ThePangrovehedge,viewlookingnortheastatsectionH-l1,2006. 100
3.23 ThePangrovehedge,viewlookingnorthatsectionH-10showingweak
canopyandnon-historicopening/path,2006. 100
3.24 Planoftheterracegardenhedgeasshownon"PlantingPlanforthe
GardenoftheSt. GaudensMemorial"byEllenShipman,c.1928. 100
3.25 Thelowersectionsoftheterracegardenhedgefollowingfinal
modificationstogardenlayout,c.1946. 101
3.26 Themiddlesectionoftheterracegardenhedge (H-13) showingconcave
alignmentthatrespondstothestatueofHermes,c.1946. 101
3.27 Overviewoftheterracegardenhedgeonthelowerterracelookingnorth
formthesecondfloorofAspet,2006. 101
3.28 Theterracegardenhedge,viewnorthatdetailofH-12,2006. 102
3.29 SectionH-13 oftheterracegardenlookingnortheastfromthe
upperterrace,2006. 102
3.30 TheAdamshedge,viewlookingnortheastfromtheterracegarden
showingseatedLincolninstalledinc.1948,photographed 1965. 102
vi
1 .
ListofIllustrations
3.31 TheAdamshedge,viewnortheastatsectionsH-15 and 17,2006. 103
3.32 TheAdamshedge,viewsoutheastatsectionsH-16and17,2006. 103
3.33 Planandsection-elevationdetailofH-17andadjoiningsectionsin
theAdamsandShawhedgesshowingproportionalrelationships. 104
3.34 TheShawhedge,historicallythebowlinggreen,viewwestthrough
openingflankedbyLombardypoplar,c.l919. 104
3.35 TheShawhedge,viewlookingwestatsectionH-17,thedividewith
theAdamshedge,2006. 105
3.36 TheShawhedge,viewlookingeastshowingH-18, 19,and21,2006. 105
3.37 TheShawhedge,viewlookingwestshowingarepresentativeview
oftherelationshipbetweenthehedgesandbirchallee,2007. 105
3.38 TheShawhedge,viewlookingsouthatdogleg(H-20) showing
weaklowercanopy,2006. 106
3.39 Thegalleriesentrancehedge,plantedinc.1948,viewnortheastshowing
proportionalrelationshipbetweenconesandlinearsections, 1965. 106
3.40 Thegalleriesentrancehedge,viewlookingnortheastwith
Farragutpavilionatright,2006. 106
3.41 Thegalleriesentrancehedge,viewlookingsouthwestfrominteriorof
courtyard,2006. 107
3.42 TheLincolnbusthedge,viewlookingeastfromAtrium,c.1965. 107
3.43 ThenorthsideoftheLincolnbusthedge,viewlookingeastfrom
Atriumshowingencroachmentofvolunteervegetation,2006 107
3.44 TheLincolnbusthedge,viewlookingeastatsections
H-25 and26,2006. 108
3.45 Thevisitorcenterhedge,2006. 108
3.46 TheCaretaker'sCottagehedge,viewlookingeastfromthestable
showingheightafterthehistoricperiod,c.1970. 108
3.47 TheCaretaker'sCottagehedge,vieweastfromthestable,2006. 109
3.48 TheCaretaker'sCottagehedge,viewnorthupservicedrive,2006. 109
3.49 TheCaretaker'sCottagehedge,viewlookingwestofinteriorofH-27
showingrelationshiptoscaleofcottage,2006. 109
3.50 TheCaretaker'sCottagehedge,viewlookingwestfromtheeastend
ofthehedgealongSaintGaudensRoad,2006. 110
3.5 Theparkinglothedge,viewlookingeastalong
SaintGaudensRoad,2007. 110
Vll
HedgeManagementPlanforSaint-GaudensNationalHistoricSite
DRAWINGS 121
Drawing1: ExistingConditionsPlan 121
Drawing2: TreatmentRecommendationsPlan 123
Drawing3: ReplacementSequencePlan 125
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