fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 Hedge Fund Due Diligence Professional Tools to Investigate Hedge Fund Managers RANDY SHAIN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. iii fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 Hedge Fund Due Diligence i fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing companyintheUnitedStates.WithofficesinNorthAmerica,Europe,Aus- tralia and Asia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional andpersonalknowledgeandunderstanding. TheWileyFinanceseriescontainsbookswrittenspecificallyforfinance and investment professionals as well as sophisticated individual investors andtheirfinancialadvisors.Booktopicsrangefromportfoliomanagement to e-commerce, risk management, financial engineering, valuation and fi- nancialinstrumentanalysis,aswellasmuchmore. 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Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts, visitourWebsiteatwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Shain,Randy,1965– Hedgefundduediligence:Professionaltoolstoinvestigatehedgefundmanagers/ byRandyShain. p. cm.–(Wileyfinanceseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-13977-6(cloth/website) 1.Hedgefunds. I.Title. HG4530.S485 2008 332.64(cid:2)524–dc22 2007039388 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction xiii CHAPTER1 HedgeFundGrowth—WhatItMeanstotheInstitution 1 CHAPTER2 WhatIsDueDiligence?WhatAretheVariousTypesofDue Diligence? 9 CHAPTER3 WhatKindsofHedgeFundFailuresDoesthePressDiscuss? WhyDoMostHedgeFundsthatFail,ReallyFail? 13 CHAPTER4 CantheChancesofInvestinginFutureFailuresBe Lessened/Prevented?How? 21 CHAPTER5 InvestigativeBackgroundReports—TheBeginning:Identify YourTarget 31 CHAPTER6 TheCourts 47 CHAPTER7 NewsMedia:IsNexisYourOnlyOption? 123 CHAPTER8 RegulatoryBodies 137 v fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 vi CONTENTS CHAPTER9 CredentialsVerifications 155 CHAPTER10 CorporateRecords:NotJustD&BAnymore 171 CHAPTER11 TheInternet:WhatItCanDoandWhatItCan’t 187 CHAPTER12 PublicRecords—IsThatAllThereIs? 197 CHAPTER13 WhatYouThinkIsHelpful,ButIsn’t 229 CHAPTER14 TheLaw 235 CHAPTER15 CreditReports 241 CHAPTER16 WarningSigns:RedandYellowFlags 249 CHAPTER17 Conclusion 271 Notes 287 Index 295 fm JWPR064-Shain December3,2007 17:10 CharCount=0 Acknowledgments E mbarking on this project was a new experience for me. (Hopefully, that won’t be too obvious upon your reading the book.) I have edited thou- sands and thousands of 20+-page reports, accumulating a fair amount of knowledgeofsyntax,language,andtoneintheprocess.Certainly,it’salso true that I have spent nearly two decades specializing in background due diligence,soIthought,howhardcoulditbetowriteaboutit? As it turns out, pretty damn hard. Writing an article here and there or expounding on the topic in a new business meeting (or, G-d forbid, to friends foolish enough to ask questions) is one thing. Writing 250 pages for an institutional audience turns out to be another. Still, I have taken to comparingtheprocesstothefeelingIgetwhenIamwatchingamoviethat failstoentertainmecompletelyyetremainsinmythoughtsforafewweeks. Theprocessitselfmightnotbedescribedasfun,butIamdamnproudofthe waythisbookhasturnedoutandhopeithelpsdowhatJohnWileywanted ittodowhentheeditorsfirstapproachedmetowriteit. OnethingIrelearnedinpenningthistomewasthevalueIplaceoninter- actingwithotherswhosharemypassionforthistopic.Thelatemanagement guru Peter Drucker had it right when he espoused the idea that employees are a company’s value, not its cost. The staff at BackTrack, now part of FirstAdvantageInvestigativeServices,isincrediblytalentedandhardwork- ing.Beyondthat,theyprovedtimeandagainthatwhenIneededhelp,allI hadtodowasask.Ofcourse,onecouldarguethatsinceIamtheirbossthey hadnochoicebuttolistentome,andIamsuretosomeextentthatcannot befactoredawayentirely.Yet,thiscannotexplaineverything,orevenmost ofthereason,fortheircompetence,enthusiasm,andconcern. Specifically, no thanks are enough for Casey Drucker (ne´e Kahl, a far more alliterative name, apologies, sort of, to her husband Steve). Casey’s responsivenessandwillingnesstotakeonever-increasinglevelsofresponsi- bility paved the way for me to have enough time to write every day (albeit not all day, as that was well beyond my capabilities), without worrying aboutwhatwouldhappentotheoffice.Caseyrunsourfirmasifitwereher own;thereisnobiggercomplimentIcangive,otherthanpointingoutthat thereisnooneelseI’dwanttoruntheshow. vii