Heavy metals in water : presence, removal and safety

380 Pages·2014·9.663 MB·English

by  Sanjay K. Sharma

Heavy Metals in Water
Presence, Removal and Safety
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Heavy Metals In Water
Presence, Removal and Safety
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6 Edited by
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97 Sanjay K. Sharma
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03 Department of Chemistry, JECRC University, Jaipur, India
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0. Email: [email protected]
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er PrintISBN:978-1-84973-885-9
b PDFeISBN:978-1-78262-017-4
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on rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015
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Apartfromfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchfornon-commercialpurposesorfor
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1 Preface
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oi: Agriculture and industrial developments are not possible without the in-
d
g | dispensableelementwater.Alllivingandnon-livingthingsrequirewaterfor
or theirexistenceinonewayoranother.So,ifsomebodysaysthat‘wateristhe
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s.r liquid of life’, it is absolutely correct. Nobody can live without water.
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u The population explosion, increasing urbanization and industrialization
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p:// are the major reasons for the depletion of water availability worldwide and
n htt that’s why the water crisis has become a global challenge today. Scientists,
4 o policymakersandacademiciansarecontinuouslytryinghardtoaddressthis
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er success.
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25:2Sept atedchallenge.Becauseofvarioustypesofpollutantsandimpuritiespresent
11:16 in water, whatever water is available is not always ‘safe’. Unfortunately
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o drinking such ‘unsafe’ water is the fate of billions of people around the
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he world and pure water is always a ‘dream’ for them.
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bli Dissolved solids, synthetic dyes, agriculture runoffs, industrial effluents
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and microorganisms are a few of the things responsible for making water
unsafe.The presence ofheavymetals isanadd-on tothis list, and these are
so dangerous that they may actually lead to death. Metals such as arsenic,
cadmium,chromium,copper, lead,mercury,nickelandzincarecommonly
found at contaminated sites and in aqueous systems. For example, arsenic
poisoning claims thousands of deaths every year in Bangladesh and West
BengalinIndia,whileleadisverytoxictolivingorganisms,accumulatingin
thebones,brain,kidneyandmuscles,andmaybethecauseofmanyserious
disorderssuchasanaemia,kidneydiseases,nervousdisorders,sicknessand
even death.
The presence of heavy metals in water is due to both natural and an-
thropogenicsources.Naturalsourcesmayincludeparentrocksandmetallic
HeavyMetalsinWater:Presence,RemovalandSafety
EditedbySanjayK.Sharma
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
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vi Preface
ores and, on the other hand, agriculture (fertilizers, animal manures,
pesticides), metallurgy (mining, smelting, metal finishing), energy pro-
duction (leaded gasoline, battery manufacture, power plants), micro-
electronics, sewage sludge and scrap disposal can be included in the
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0 anthropogenic sources.
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F Removal of these heavy metals is a big problem for everyone. Examples
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7 of the many techniques being tried to achieve this include biosorption,
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2 bioremediation, phytoremediation, photocatalytic processes, use of func-
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8 waste.
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9/ Thisbookisasincereefforttoshowcasethelatestresearchinthefieldof
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10 heavy metals removal, written by leading scientists and researchers. At this
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1 point in time I express my gratitude to all contributors who made this vol-
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d ume possible. I hope that the chapters presented will be a good source of
org | reference material for scientists in their further research and development.
sc. Also, I hope that this book provides an insightful text on the theme of
bs.r ‘heavymetalsremoval’andprocessesthatarebeingstudied,optimizedand
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p://p developed to sustain both mankind and nature.
htt I sincerely welcome feedback from all my valuable readers and critics.
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1 Happy reading!
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1 Acknowledgments
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oi: This is the opportunity to express my thanks and gratitude to my friends,
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or grateful to have had them, and their valuable cooperation, along with me
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s.r duringthejourneyofthisbook—HeavyMetalsinWater:Presence,Removal
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u and Safety.
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n htt whodeservespecialmentionforprovidingtheirwritings,withoutwhichthis
4 o book could not be possible.
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0 IsincerelyacknowledgemyparentsDrM.P.SharmaandMrsParmeshwari
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er Devi, my wife Dr Pratima Sharma and all other family members for their
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4. em never-endingencouragement,moralsupportandpatienceduringthecourse
25:2Sept of this book.
11:16 I acknowledge the active interest and useful suggestions from Ackmez
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o Mudhoo, University of Mauritius, Mauritius. Thanks Ackmez!
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he I also thank Mr Amit Agarwal and Mr Arpit Agarwal (Vice Chairpersons,
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bli JECRC University, Jaipur) and Professor S.S. Pabla (Vice Chancellor, JECRC
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University, Jaipur) for their appreciation and encouragement.
MychildrenKunalandKritikaalwaysdeservespecialmentionastheyare
my best companions, who energize me to work with refreshed mood and
motivation.
SpecialthanksgototheteamattheRoyalSocietyofChemistrybehindthis
publication, without whose painstaking efforts this work could not have
been completed in a timely manner. Thanks RSC!
I am also grateful to many others whose name I have not been able to
mention but whose association and support has in no way been any less.
Sanjay K. Sharma
Jaipur, India
HeavyMetalsinWater:Presence,RemovalandSafety
EditedbySanjayK.Sharma
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
vii
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9/ This book is for Pratima, my wife, without whose love, support and
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