Heavy Metal Remediation: Transport and Accumulation in Plants

260 Pages·2014·4.78 MB·English

by  Dhamendra Kumar Gupta

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES

H M R
EAVY ETAL EMEDIATION

T A P
RANSPORT AND CCUMULATION IN LANTS

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES

H M R
EAVY ETAL EMEDIATION

T A P
RANSPORT AND CCUMULATION IN LANTS

DHARMENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
AND
SOUMYA CHATTERJEE
EDITORS

New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Heavy metal remediation : transport and accumulation in plants / edited by Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and
Soumya Chatterjee (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitdt, Hannover Institut f|r Radiovkologie und
Strahlenschutz (IRS), Germany).
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:22)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:20) (eBook)
1. Phytoremediation. 2. Plants--Effect of heavy metals on. 3. Heavy metals--Environmental aspects. I.
Gupta, Dharmendra Kumar (Phytoremediation researcher), editor. II. Chatterjee, Soumya, editor.
TD192.75.H43 2014
628.4--dc23
2014027182

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Mechanism of Metal Transporters in Plants 1
Anindita Mitra, Soumya Chatterjee, Sibnarayan Datta,
Sonika Sharma, Vijay Veer, Bam H. M. Razafindrabe,
Clemens Walther and Dharmendra K. Gupta
Chapter 2 Metal Transporters for Uptake, Sequestration and Translocation 29
Sarra Arbaoui, Rym Ben Slimane,
Salah Rezgui and Taoufik Bettaieb
Chapter 3 Update on Mechanisms Involved in Arsenic and Chromium
Accumulation, Translocation and Homeostasis in Plants 45
Paola S. González, Melina A. Talano, Ana L. Wevar Oller,
Sabrina G. Ibañez, María I. Medina and Elizabeth Agostini
Chapter 4 Mechanisms and Engineering Plant Metal Accumulation
and Transport 73
Rajeev Kumar Sarma, Varghese Inchakalody,
Hema Jagadeesan and Sathish kumar Ramalingam
Chapter 5 Plant Metabolomics and its Application to Explore Metal
Toxicity Mechanism 89
Xiangfeng Zeng, Alexandra Lynn, Shuhe Wei
and Jun Wang
Chapter 6 A Review on Plant Mechanisms for Uptake, Transport and
Bio-Concentration of Toxic Heavy Metals 107
Monalisa Mohanty
Chapter 7 Heavy Metal Uptake and the Effect on Plant Growth 127
Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira, Gustavo Brunetto,
Admir José Giachini
and Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares
vi Contents
Chapter 8 In Vitro Selection of Plants for the Removal of Toxic Metals from
Contaminated Soil: Role of Genetic Variation in Phytoremediation 155
Sonika Sharma, Soumya Chatterjee, Sibnarayan Datta,
Anindita Mitra, Mohan G. Vairale, Vijay Veer, Ankita Chourasia
and Dharmendra K. Gupta
Chapter 9 Phytoremediation of Multiply Metal-Contaminated Environments:
Synergistic and Competitive Effects between Heavy Metals During
Uptake and Transport 179
Esra Üçüncü, Alper Devrim Özkan, Tolga Tarkan Ölmez
and Evren Tunca
Chapter 10 Exploring Potential of Using Phytoremediation for
Co-Contaminated Soils 201
Chibuike Chigbo and Ernest O. Nnadi
Chapter 11 Heavy Metal Remediation by Dead Plants and Algae 219
Reza Panahi and Mina Ebrahimi
Index 235
PREFACE

Heavy metals (HM) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in rapid technologically
advanced societies. HM like Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni and Co are crucial micronutrients for plant
development but when these present in excess become extremely toxic for the plant growth;
further, non-essential metals such as Cd, Hg, As and Pb, can be toxic even at low
concentrations (Gupta et al. 2013).
In plants, HM accumulation is affected by various factors i.e. plant type, growth phase
and elemental characteristics which control uptake, accumulation and translocation of metals
from root to shoot. Sometimes, physiological adaptations also control HM accumulations by
making complexes of metals at the root level. Complexation with ligands is a process
associated to heavy metal pollutants, and it can be an extracellular or an intracellular
molecular event. These ligands can be chelators as organic acids or peptides such
phytochelatins (PCs), methallothioneins (MTs) or glutathione (GSH). In plants, several
multiple transporters are known. For instance in Arabidopsis thaliana, has 150 different
cation transporters were known (Axelsen and Palmgren 2001). More than 14 transporters are
known for sulfate only. Individual transporter proteins have inimitable properties with
reverence to transport rate, substrate specificity, substrate affinity (low affinity transporters
tend to be more promiscuous) and follow Michaelis-Menton kinetics (Marschner 1995).
These properties may be subjected to regulate by metabolic rates or regulatory proteins (e.g.
Kinases). Although there is no direct evidence on the role of plasma membrane efflux
transporters in heavy metal tolerance in plants, recent research has revealed that plants
possess several classes of metal transporters that must be involved in metal uptake and
homeostasis in general and, thus, could play a key role in tolerance (Yang et al. 2005a).
Several classes of proteins have been implicated in heavy metal transport in plants. These
include the heavy metal (or CPx-type) ATPases that are involved in the overall metal-ion
homeostasis and tolerance in plants, the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein
(Nramp), the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family proteins (Williams et al. 2000), and the
zinc–iron permease (ZIP) family proteins, etc. (Yang et al. 2005b).
Heavy metal binding to the cell wall is not the only plant mechanism responsible for
metal immobilization into roots and subsequent inhibition of ion translocation to the shoot.
Major consequences of HM action in the cell is the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) which usually damage the cellular components such as membranes, nucleic
acids, chloroplast pigments and alteration in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants
(Gupta et al. 2013).
viii Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and Soumya Chatterjee
The success of phytoremediation as an environmental cleaning tool depends on numerous
factors including bioavailability of HM in soil/water, selection of plant type and its ability to
uptake, growth and biomass production, plant-microbe interactions, translocation and
accumulation of metals in shoots and plants‘ tolerance and detoxification mechanism to
counter HM stress. Plants tolerate HM through the development of effective protective
mechanisms either effluxing chelated metals from cytoplasm or sequestering in vacuoles,
which excludes HM from cellular sites where important metabolic processes such as cell
division, respiration take place (Hall 2002).
For the researchers, it is always an endeavor to decontaminate of heavy metals from
contaminated environment. The main purpose of this book is to present a holistic view of
recent advancement in the field of accumulation and remediation using plants, the green solar
powered alternative to ameliorate heavy metal from the polluted environment. The key
features of the book are related to metal transporters and metal accumulation mechanisms
under heavy metal stress in plants, plant transcriptional regulation and responses under metal
contamination, multiple toxic metal contaminations and its phytoremediation approaches etc.
Based on the advancement of research in recent years, the information compiled in this book
will bring an in-depth knowledge on bioaccumulation of metals, its transportation in natural
condition or genetically modified plants and their strategy to cope up with the toxicity to
survive in the hostile environment.
Drs. Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and Soumya Chatterjee are personally thankful to the
authors for contributing their knowledge, enthusiasm, valuable time and kind cooperation to
bring this book into the present form.

Hannover, Germany Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
Assam, India Dr. Soumya Chatterjee

REFERENCES

Axelsen KB, Palmgren MG (2001) Inventory of the superfamily of P-type ion pumps in
Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 126: 696–706.
Gupta DK, Corpas FJ, Palma JM (2013) Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. Springer-Verlag,
Germany.
Hall JL (2002) Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J ExpBiol
53: 1–11.
Marschner H (1995) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants.Academic Press, San Diego pp 889.
Williams LE, Pittman JK, Hall JL (2000) Emerging mechanisms for heavy metal transport in
plants.Biochim Biophys Acta 1465:104–126.
Yang X, Feng Y, He Z, Stoffella P (2005a) Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal
hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:339–353.
Yang X, Jin XF, Feng Y, Islam E (2005b) Molecular mechanisms and genetic bases of heavy
metal tolerance/hyperaccumulation in plants. J Integr Plant Biol 47:1025–1035.