Heat Exchangers : Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Second Edition.

512 Pages·2002·8.189 MB·English

by  Kakaç, Sadik, Liu, Hongtan, Pramuanjaroenkij, Anchasa

HEAT
EXCHANGERS
SELECTION, RATING,
and THERMAL DESIGN
Second Edition
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HEAT
EXCHANGERS
SELECTION, RATING,
THERMAL DESIGN
and
Second Edition
Sadik Kakaç
Hongtan Liu
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Florida
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2002 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20110713
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5374-6 (eBook - PDF)
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Preface
This second edition of Heat Exchangers: Selection Rating and Thermal Design
has retained the basic objectives and level of the first edition to present a
systematic treatment of the selection, thermal-hydraulic design, and rating
of the various types of heat exchanging equipment. All the popular features
of the first edition are retained while new ones are added. In this edition,
modifications have been made throughout the book in response to users’
suggestions and input from students who heard lectures based on the first
edition of this book. Because of the importance of heat transfer enhancement,
introductory material on the subject has been added to Chapter 10. Chapter 8
has been modified; as an application of the Bell-Delaware method, a new
solved example has been added and the others revised. Chapter 9, dealing
with the gasketed-plate heat exchanger, has been revised and new correla-
tions to calculate heat transfer and friction coefficients for chevron type plates
have been provided; solved examples in Chapter 9 and throughout the book
have been modified.
Included are 37 solved examples to demonstrate thermal-hydraulic design
and the rating of heat exchangers; these examples have been extensively
revised. A complete solutions manual is now also available, which provides
guidance for approaching the thermal design problems of heat exchangers
and for the design project topics suggested at the end of each chapter.
Heat exchangers are vital in power producing plants, process and chemical
industries, and in heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigeration sys-
tems, and cooling of electronic systems. A large number of industries are
engaged in designing various types of heat exchange equipment. Courses
are offered at many colleges and universities on thermal design under var-
ious titles.
There is extensive literature on this subject, however, the information has
been widely scattered. This book provides a systematic approach and should
be used as an up-to-date textbook based on scattered literature for senior
undergraduate and first year graduate students in mechanical, nuclear, aero-
space, and chemical engineering programs who have taken introductory
courses in thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics. This system-
atic approach is also essential for beginners who are interested in industrial
applications of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics, and for
the designers and the operators of the heat exchange equipment. This book
focuses on the selection, thermo-hydraulic design, design processes, rating,
and operational problems of various types of heat exchangers.
The new criterion provided by the Accreditation Board on Engineering
and Technology (ABET) requires engineering design across engineering
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curricula. Therefore, one of the main objectives of this textbook is to intro-
duce thermal design by describing various types of single-phase and two-
phase flow heat exchangers, detailing their specific fields of application,
selection, and thermo-hydraulic design and rating, and showing thermal
design and rating processes with worked examples and end-of-chapter prob-
lems including student design projects.
Much of this text is devoted to double-pipe, shell-and-tube, compact,
gasketed-plate heat exchanger types, condensers, and evaporators. Their
design processes are described and thermal-hydraulic design examples are
presented. Some other types, mainly specialized ones, are briefly described
without design examples. Thermal design factors and methods are common,
however, to all heat exchangers, regardless of their function.
This book begins in Chapter 1 with the classification of heat exchangers
according to different criteria. Chapter 2 provides the basic design methods
for sizing and rating heat exchangers. Chapter 3 is a review of single-phase
forced convection correlations in ducts. A large number of experimental and
analytical correlations are available for the heat transfer coefficient and flow
friction factor for laminar and turbulent flow through ducts. Thus, it is often
a difficult and confusing task for a student, and even a designer, to choose
appropriate correlations. In Chapter 3, recommended correlations for the
single-phase side of heat exchangers are given with worked examples. Chap-
ter 4 discusses pressure drop and pumping power for heat exchangers and
their piping circuit analysis. One of the major unresolved problems in heat
exchanger equipment is fouling; the design of heat exchangers subject to
fouling is presented in Chapter 5. The thermal design methods and processes
for double-pipe, shell-and-tube, compact and gasketed-plate heat exchangers
are presented in Chapters 6, 8, 9, and 10 for single-phase duties, respectively.
The important design correlations for the design of two-phase flow heat
exchangers are given in Chapter 7. With this arrangement, both advanced
students and beginners will achieve a better understanding of thermal design
and will be better prepared to specifically understand the thermal design of
condensers and evaporators that is introduced in Chapter 11. The appendix
provides the thermophysical properties of various fluids, including the new
refrigerants.
In every chapter, examples illustrating the relevant thermal design meth-
ods and procedures are given. Although the use of computer programs is
essential for the thermal design and rating of these exchangers, for all
advanced students as well as beginners, manual thermal design analysis is
essential during the initial learning period. Fundamental design knowledge
is needed before one can correctly use computer design software and develop
new reliable and sophisticated computer software for rating to obtain an
optimum solution. Therefore, one of the primary goals of this book is to
encourage students and practicing engineers to develop a systematic
approach to the thermal-hydraulic design and rating of heat exchangers.
This is demonstrated with 37 solved examples in the text and with more
than 125 end-of-chapter problems. The end-of-chapter problems, including
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student design projects, are selected to enhance the design applications. A
solution manual accompanies the text. Additional problems are added to the
solution manual which may be helpful to instructors.
Design of heat exchange equipment requires explicit consideration of
mechanical design, economics, optimization techniques, and environmental
considerations. Information on these topics is available in various standard
references and handbooks and from manufacturers.
Several individuals have made very valuable contributions to this book.
E.M. Sparrow and A. Bejan reviewed the manuscript and provided very
helpful suggestions. We gratefully appreciate their support. Sadik Kakaç
has edited several books on the fundamentals and design of heat exchangers
to which many leading scientists and experts made invaluable contributions,
and that author is very thankful to them. The authors are especially indebted
to the following individuals whose contributions to the field of heat exchang-
ers made this book possible: Kenneth J, Bell, David Butterworth, John Collier,
Paul J. Marto, Mike B. Pate, Ramesh K. Shah, and J. Taborek.
The authors express their sincere appreciation to their students, who con-
tributed to the improvement of the manuscript by their critical questions.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Lixin You, Dr. Claudia O. Gavrilescu, and
Dr. Liping Cao for their valuable assistance during the classroom teaching
and various stages of this project. Special thanks to Dr. Tianhong Zhou for
her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript and to Dr. Lixin You and
Ms. Lin Wang for their assistance in the preparation of the second edition
and the solution manual. Thanks are also due to Cindy Renee Carelli, Engi-
neering Acquisitions Editor, and Helena Redshaw, Supervisor, EPD, and
other individuals at CRC Press LLC, who have initiated the first edition and
contributed their talents and energy to this edition.
Finally, we wish to acknowledge the encouragement and support of our
lovely wives and children who made many sacrifices during the preparation
of this text.
Sadik Kakaç
Hongtan Liu
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Authors
Sadik Kakaç is a Professor of Mechanical Engineer-
ing at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Flor-
ida. He served as chairman of the department from
1990 to 1998. In 1955, he received the Dipl.-Ing. in
Mechanical Engineering from the Technical Univer-
sity of Istanbul and then received his M.S. in
Mechanical Engineering in 1959 and his M.S. in
Nuclear Engineering in 1960, both from the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology. In 1965, he received
his Ph.D. in the field of heat transfer from the Victo-
ria University of Manchester, UK. He was elected as
a member of the Turkish Scientific and Technical
Research Council in 1972 and became General Secretary of the Turkish
Atomic Energy Commission in 1978, representing Turkey in a number of
scientific endeavors abroad. He was the recipient of the Alexander von
Humboldt Senior Distinguished U.S. Scientist Award in 1989, the Science
Award of the Association of Turkish-American Scientists in 1994, the ASME
Heat Transfer Memorial Award in 1997, the ICHMT Fellowship Award in
1997, and the Distinguished Service Award from the Turkish Scientific and
Technical Research Council (TÜBiTAK) in 2000. He is a fellow of the ASME,
the Turkish Academy of Sciences, and the Academy of the Sciences of the
Russian Federation. He is an honorary professor at the Shanghai Institute of
Electrical Power in China, a consulting professor of Xi’an Jiaotong University
in China, and an honorary professor of the College of Engineering at the
Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management in India. He received the
Doctor Honoris Causa from the University Ovidius, Romania in 1998 and
the Doctor Honoris from the University of Reims, France in 1999. Dr. Kakaç
was formerly a Professor of Mechanical Enigeering at the Middle East Tech-
nical University in Ankara, Turkey. Dr. Kakaç has focused his research efforts
on steady-state and transient forced convection in single-phase and on two-
phase flow instabilities in flow boiling. He is the author or co-author of six
heat transfer text books and more than 180 research papers, as well as
fourteen edited volumes in the field of thermal sciences and heat exchanger
fundamentals and design, including the Handbook of Single-Phase Convective
Heat Transfer.