Heart Failure. A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease

920 Pages·2011·76.88 MB·English

by  Mann D. L. (ed.)

Heart Failure
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease
Second Edition
Douglas L. Mann, MD, FACC
Lewin Professor and Chief
Cardiovascular Division
Washington University School of Medicine;
Cardiologist-in-Chief
Barnes Jewish Hospital
St. Louis, Missouri
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
HEART FAILURE: A COMPANION TO BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE, SECOND EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4160-5895-3
Copyright © 2011, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge
in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Heart failure : a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease / [edited by] Douglas L. Mann. --
2nd ed.
p. ; cm
Companion v. to: Braunwald’s heart disease / edited by Peter
Libby ... [et al.]. 8th ed. c2008.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4160-5895-3
1. Heart failure. I. Mann, Douglas L. II. Braunwald’s heart disease.
[DNLM: 1. Heart Failure. WG 370 H43618 2010]
RC685.C53H426 2010
616.1’2--dc22 2010010218
Executive Publisher: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Brad McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson
Project Manager: Janaki Srinivasan Kumar
Design Direction: Steven Stave
Printed in United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To my teachers and mentors, for their enduring encouragement and support,
especially Dr. James W. Covell, whom I have never thanked enough,
and Dr. Andrew I. Schafer, whom I can never thank enough.
Douglas L. Mann, MD, FACC

Contributors
Michael Acker, MD Julian Booker, MD
Professor of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School Houston, Texas
of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD
Kirkwood F. Adams, Jr., MD Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Section, Michael E. DeBakey
Professor of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Winters Center for Heart
Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Failure Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Michael R. Bristow, MD, PhD
Inder S. Anand, MD, FRCP, DPhil (Oxon) Professor of Medicine, Deparment of Medicine, Division of
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center,
Minnesota Medical School; Director of Heart Failure Clinic, Aurora, Colorado
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
John C. Burnett, Jr., MD
Stefan D. Anker, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Cardiorenal Research Laboratory,
Professor of Medicine, Applied Cachexia Research, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Heart and Lung
Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of
Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Clinical and Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
Daniel J. Cantillon, MD
Piero Anversa, MD Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of
Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia, Departments of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Anesthesia and Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Blase A. Carabello, MD, FACC
Massachusetts Professor of Medicine and Vice Chairman, Department
of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Medical Care
Catalin F. Baicu, PhD Line Executive, Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Research Assistant Professor of Medicine, The Ralph H. Houston, Texas
Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Charleston, South Carolina Jay N. Cohn, MD
Professor of Medicine, Director, Rasmussen Center for
Kenneth M. Baker, MD Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Cardiovascular Division,
Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, Division University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis,
of Molecular Cardiology; Director, Mayborn Chair in Minnesota
Cardiovascular Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center,
Temple, Texas Wilson S. Colucci, MD
Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Section,
Rob S. Beanlands, MD Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center,
Chief, Cardiac Imaging, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Leslie T. Cooper, Jr., MD
Kerstin Bethmann, PhD Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
School, Hannover, Germany
Lisa Costello-Boerrigter, MD, PhD
Courtney L. Bickford, PharmD, BCSPS Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular
Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Diseases, Mayo Heart and Lung Research Center, Mayo
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,
Minnesota
Guido Boerrigter, MD
Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Lori B. Daniels, MD
Diseases, Mayo Heart and Lung Research Center, Mayo Clinic Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego,
and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota San Diego, California
Roberta C. Bogaev, MD Reynolds M. Delgado III, MD
Cardiopulmonary Transplant Service, Texas Heart Institute, Cardiopulmonary Transplant Service, Texas Heart Institute,
Houston, Texas Houston, Texas
Robert O. Bonow, MD Anita Deswal, MD, MPH
Max and Lilly Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Cardiology,
Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and
Medicine; Co-Director, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Winters Center for Heart Failure Research, Baylor College
Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois of Medicine, Houston, Texas
vii
viii Abhinav Diwan, MBBS Mihai Gheorghiade, MD, FACC
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Center for Professor of Medicine and Surgery; Associate Chief,
Pharmacogenomics and Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology; Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service,
Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University Director, Telemetry Unit, Northwestern University Feinberg
and St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Missouri
Thomas D. Giles, MD
Wolfram Doehner, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane
Professor of Medicine, Center for Stroke Research, Applied University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité
University Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Stephen Gottlieb, MD
Berlin, Germany Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Hisham Dokainish, MD
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Yusuf Hassan, MD
Houston, Texas Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Houston
Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
Gerald W. Dorn II, MD
Professor of Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Edward P. Havranek, MD
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center,
Washington University, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver,
St. Louis, Missouri Colorado
Helmut Drexler, MD Shunichi Homma, MD
Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology; Director,
Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Cardiovascular Ultrasound Laboratories, Professor of
Medicine, Margaret Milliken Hatch Professor of Medicine,
Arthur M. Feldman, MD, PhD New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
Magee Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine,
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Burkhard Hornig, MD
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical
G. Michael Felker, MD, MHS School, Hannover, Germany
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology,
Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Steven R. Houser, PhD, FAHA
Center, Durham, North Carolina Professor of Phys, Cardiovascular Research Center,
Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratories, Department
James D. Flaherty, MD of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine,
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Interventional Cardiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, Illinois Joanne S. Ingwall, PhD
Professor of Medicine (Physiology), Brigham and Women’s
John S. Floras, MD, DPhil, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Health Network, Division of Cardiology, The University of Shahrokh Javaheri, MD
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of Cincinnati,
College of Medicine; Medical Director, Sleepcare
Viorel G. Florea, MD, PhD, DSc, FACC Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota
Medical School, Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, John Lynn Jefferies, MD, MPH
Minneapolis, Minnesota Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital,
Gary S. Francis, MD Houston, Texas
Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Mariell Jessup, MD
Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Department
Wayne Franklin, MD of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Assistant Professor of Medicine; Medical Director, Texas Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas Saurabh Jha, MBBS
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Hospital at the University
O. H. Frazier, MD of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cardiopulmonary Transplant Service, Texas Heart Institute,
Houston, Texas Jan Kajstura, PhD
Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Matthias Freidrich, MD Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
The Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
David A. Kass, MD
Ronald S. Freudenberger, MD Abraham and Virginia Weiss Professor of Cardiology;
Director, Center for Advanced Heart Failure, Lehigh Valley Professor of Medicine; Professor of Biomedical Engineering,
Hospital and Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania; Institute of Molecular Cardiobiology, Division of Cardiology,
Professor of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
College of Medicine, State College, Pennsylvania
Arnold M. Katz, MD, DMed (Hon) Kenneth B. Margulies, MD ix
Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of Connecticut Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Department
School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Visiting of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Dartmouth Medical Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
School, Hanover, New Hampshire
Ali J. Marian, MD
Richard N. Kitsis, MD Professor of Molecular Medicine and Internal Medicine
Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert (Cardiology); Director, Center for Cardiovascular Genetic
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular C
o
Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, n
Marvin A. Konstam, MD Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, trib
Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Houston, Texas u
t
Director, Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, o
r
Boston, Massachusetts Matthew Maurer, MD s
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia
Varda Konstam, PhD University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts New York
William E. Kraus, MD Dennis M. McNamara, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Director, Heart
Durham, North Carolina Failure/Transplantation Program, University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Rajesh Kumar, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Mandeep R. Mehra, MBBS, FACC, FACP
Division of Molecular Cardiology, Texas A&M Health Professor of Medicine, Herbert Berger Professor and Head
Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland
Ulf Landmesser, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology Gustavo F. Méndez Machado, MD, MSc, FESC
and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Research, IMSS
Germany Adolfo Ruiz Cortines National Medical Center, Veracruz,
Mexico
Thierry H. Le Jemtel, MD
Henderson Chair and Professor of Medicine; Director, Marco Metra, MD
Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation Program, Tulane Division of Cardiology, Department of Experimental and
University, New Orleans, Louisiana Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Ilana Lehmann, PhD Debra K. Moser, DNSc, RN, FAAN
University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts Professor and Gill Endowed Chair of Nursing, University of
Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky
Annarosa Leri, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Brigham Wilfried Mullens, MD
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,
Massachusetts Ohio
Martin M. LeWinter, MD Ashleigh A. Owen, MD
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson
Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
Burlington, Vermont
Jing Pan, MD, PhD
Chang-Seng Liang, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine,
Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Division of Molecular Cardiology, Texas A&M Health
Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
Boston, Massachusetts
Richard D. Patten, MD, FACC
Alan S. Maisel, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Catholic Medical Center,
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University New England Heart Institute, Manchester, New Hampshire
of California–San Diego, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
San Diego, California Naveen Pereira, MD
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Donna M. Mancini, MD Minnesota
Professor of Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical
Center, New York, New York Linda R. Peterson, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASE
Associate Professor of Medicine and Radiology,
Douglas L. Mann, MD, FACC Cardiovascular Division, Division of Geriatrics and
Lewin Professor and Chief, Cardiovascular Division, Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of
Washington University School of Medicine; Cardiologist-in- Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Chief, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Ileana L. Piña, MD
Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University,
Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Cleveland, Ohio