Health, Medicine, and Society in Victorian England PDF
Preview Health, Medicine, and Society in Victorian England
HEALTH, MEDICINE, AND SOCIETY IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND RecentTitlesin VictorianLifeandTimes FamilyTiesinVictorianEngland ClaudiaNelson FoodandCookinginVictorianEngland AndreaBroomfield VictorianReligion:FaithandLifeinBritain JulieMelnyk ‘‘GonetotheShops’’:ShoppinginVictorianEngland KelleyGraham VictorianChildhoods GingerS.Frost VictorianTechnology:Invention,Innovation,andtheRiseoftheMachine HerbertSussman HEALTH, MEDICINE, AND SOCIETY IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND Mary Wilson Carpenter VICTORIANLIFEANDTIMES SallyMitchell,SeriesEditor P RAEGER AnImprintofABC-CLIO,LLC Copyright2010byMaryWilsonCarpenter Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsinareview,withoutprior permissioninwritingfromthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Carpenter,MaryWilson,1937- Health,medicine,andsocietyinVictorianEngland/MaryWilsonCarpenter. p.cm.—(Victorianlifeandtimes) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-275-98952-1(hardcopy:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-313- 06542-2(ebook)1.Socialmedicine—England—History—19thcentury.2.Medicine— England—History—19thcentury.3.Publichealth—England—History— 19thcentury.I.Title. RA418.3.G7C372010 362.1—dc22 2009031084 ISBN:978-0-275-98952-1 EISBN:978-0-313-06542-2 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 ThisbookisalsoavailableontheWorldWideWebasaneBook. Visitwww.abc-clio.comfordetails. Praeger AnimprintofABC-CLIO,LLC ABC-CLIO,LLC 130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911 SantaBarbara,California93116-1911 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica CONTENTS Illustrations vii SeriesForeword ix Acknowledgments xiii Chronology xv Introduction 1 1. PractitionersandPatientsinVictorianEngland 9 2. Cholera 34 3. Tuberculosis 54 4. Syphilis 71 5. Smallpox 91 6. Deafness 108 7. Blindness 128 8. VictorianWomenasPatientsandPractitioners 149 Glossary 177 Notes 181 Bibliography 193 Index 203 ILLUSTRATIONS JohnSnow,1856 14 La€ennecstethoscope,1826 21 ‘‘TheLondonUniversity,’’1828 22 JosephLister,1stBaronLister(1827–1912),surgeon,c.1895 29 ‘‘BlueStageoftheSpasmodicCholera.SketchofaGirlwhodiedof Cholera,inSunderland,November,1831’’ 40 ‘‘MonsterSoupcommonlycalledThameswater,beingacorrect representationofthatpreciousstuffdoledouttous!!!...’’1828 46 ‘‘FaradayGivingHisCardtoFatherThames;andwehopetheDirty FellowwillconsulttheLearnedProfessor,’’1855 52 Frontispiece,La€ennec,Trait(cid:2)edeL’AuscultationMediate...1826 63 FracastorowarnstheshepherdSyphilusandthehunterIlceus againstyieldingto‘‘attractionsoflove,’’1588/1595 76 ‘‘Syphilis,’’1910 84 LadyMaryWortleyMontaguinTurkishdress,1844 97 ThehandofSarahNelmesinfectedwithcowpox,1798 101 TwoVictorianeartrumpets 114 HarrietMartineau,1888 123 Diagramofeyeanatomy 138 Traditionalseatedpositionforcataractsurgery,1843 139 viii Illustrations WilliamHunter,TheAnatomyoftheHumanGravid UterusexhibitedinFigures,PlateVI,1774. Normalfull-terminfant 160 WilliamHunter,TheAnatomyoftheHumanGravid UterusexhibitedinFigures,PlateXX,1774.Placentapraevia 162 SERIES FOREWORD Although the nineteenth century has almost faded from living memory— most people who heard firsthand stories from grandparents who grew up before 1900 have adult grandchildren by now—impressions of the Victo- rian world continue to influence both popular culture and public debates. These impressions may well be vivid yet contradictory. Many people, for example, believe that Victorian society was safe, family-centered, and stable because women could not work outside the home. Yet, every census taken during the period records hundreds of thousands of female laborers in fields, factories, shops, and schools as well as more than a million domestic servants (often girls of fourteen or fifteen) whose long and unregulated workdays created the comfortable, leisured world we see in Merchant Ivory films. Yet it is also true that there were women who had no household duties and desperately wished for some purpose in life but found that social expectations and family pressure absolutely prohibited their presence in the workplace. The goal of books in the Victorian Life and Times series is to explain and enrich the simple pictures that show only a partial truth. Although the Vic- torian period in Great Britain is often portrayed as peaceful, comfortable, and traditional, it was actually a time of truly breathtaking change. In 1837, when eighteen-year-old Victoria became queen, relatively few of England’s people had ever traveled more than ten miles from the place where they were born. Little more than half the population could read and write, chil- dren as young as five worked in factories and mines, and political power was entirely in the hands of a small minority of men who held property. By the time Queen Victoria died in 1901, railways provided fast and cheap
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