Health Economics (Pharmacy Business Administration Series) PDF
Preview Health Economics (Pharmacy Business Administration Series)
Health Economics Introduction to the Pharmacy Business Administration series BooksinthePharmacyBusinessAdministrationserieshavebeenpreparedfor useinuniversity-levelgraduateandprofessional-levelcourses,aswellasfor continuingeducationandself-studyuses.Theseriesincludesbookscovering the major subject areas taught in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, PharmacyAdministration,andPharmacyMBAprograms. World-classauthorswithwell-regardedexpertiseinthevariousrespective areas have been selected and the book outlines, as well as the books them- selves,havebeenreviewedbyanumberofotherexpertsinthefield.Theresult ofthiseffortisanewintegratedandcoordinatedseriesofbooksthatisupto date in methodology, research findings, terminology, and contemporary trendsandpractices. Thisisonebookinthatseriesofabout12subjectsintotal.Itisintended thateachofthebookswillberevisedatleastevery5years.Whilethebooks were intended for the North American market, they are just as relevant in otherareas. Titlesintheseriescurrentlyinclude: HealthEconomics HealthPolicyandEthics PharmaceuticalMarketResearch PrinciplesofGoodClinicalPractice ResearchMethodsforPharmaceuticalPracticeandPolicy PharmaceuticalMarketing:APracticalGuide PharmaceuticalMarketingResearch:PrinciplesandPractice FinancialAnalysisinPharmacyPractice The series editor-in-chief is Professor Albert Wertheimer PhD MBA of TempleUniversitySchoolofPharmacy,Philadelphia. Suggestionsandcommentsfromreadersaremostwelcomeandshouldbe senttoCommissioningEditor,PharmaceuticalPress,1LambethHighStreet, LondonSE17JN,UK. Health Economics FIRST EDITION Jordan Braverman MPHMSFS PublishedbythePharmaceuticalPress AnimprintofRPSPublishing 1LambethHighStreet,LondonSE17JN,UK 100SouthAtkinsonRoad,Suite200,Grayslake,IL60030-7820,USA (cid:1)PharmaceuticalPress2010 isatrademarkofRPSPublishing RPSPublishingisthepublishingorganisationoftheRoyalPharmaceuticalSocietyof GreatBritain Firstpublished2010 TypesetbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India PrintedinGreatBritainbyTJInternational,Padstow,Cornwall,UK ISBN9780853698678 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwritten permissionofthecopyrightholder. Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtothe accuracyoftheinformationcontainedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegal responsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade. TherightofJordanBravermantobeidentifiedastheauthorofthis workhasbeenassertedbyhiminaccordancewiththeCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct,1988. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Dedication Tomyparents,MorrisandMollyBraverman,whobothlivedwellintotheir mid-90sandtaughtmybrother,Irwin,andmyselfgoodhealthpracticessoas tomaintainourhealthinasbestastateaspossible. Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Abouttheauthor xvii Introduction xix 1 HistoryofhealthcarefinancingintheUSA 1 Introduction 1 The19thcentury 2 TheProgressiveEra 3 The1920s 4 The1930s 5 The1940s 8 The1950s 9 The1960s 11 The1970s 12 The1980s 17 The1990s 19 The21stcentury 21 Theyear2012 23 2 ThecostsofAmericanhealthcare 27 Introduction 27 Someeconomicdefinitions 28 WhatUShealthcarespendinghasnotsolved 30 Backgroundofrisingcosts 38 Societalimpact ofhealthcarecosts 40 Whyhealthcarecostsoutpacegeneraleconomy 45 Addressingrisingcosts 46 viii | Contents 3 Thehighcostsofhealthcare:thereasonswhy 49 Introduction 49 Evolutionofhealthcareservices 50 Originsandelementsinhealthcarecrisis 52 Healthcarecosts 53 Nation'shealthbill 54 Hospitalcosts 55 Physicianservices 57 Theelderly 58 Healthinsurance 60 MedicaidandMedicare 63 Manpower 66 Resolvingthehealthcarecrisis 70 Thefuture 73 4 Physiciancare 77 Introduction 77 Manpower 78 Physicianreimbursement 83 Medicalmalpractice 89 Practicepatterns 92 Conclusion 94 5 Prescriptiondrugs 99 Introduction 99 Backgroundofprescriptiondrug costs 101 Brandnameversusgenericdrugs:differencesandcosts 103 FDA'sassuranceofqualitydrugs 105 Pharmacists 106 Waystopayforprescriptiondrugs 108 Conclusion 116 6 Hospitalcare 119 Introduction 119 Characterofhospitals 121 Hospitalcosts 121 Hospitalutilization:abriefprofile 127 Diagnosis-relatedgroups 128 Unbundlingthediagnosticcodes 131 Hospitalmedications 133 Reportcards 137 Conclusion 138 Contents | ix 7 Medicaltechnology 143 Introduction 143 Historyofmedicaltechnologyassessment 143 Thecostdrivers 147 Financialimpactofnewmedicaltechnology 149 Factorsinfluencinggrowthofnewtechnology 151 Medicaltechnologyexpenditures 152 Unhealthydilemmas 153 TheBritishview 153 Thefuture 154 8 Nursinghomecare 159 Introduction 159 Servicesavailableinnursinghomes 162 Classificationofnursinghomes 162 Definitionofaskillednursinghome 164 Componentsofnursinghomecare 168 Medicare'sNursingHomeCompare 173 Financingnursinghomecare 174 TheUSAandtheUK 179 9 Homecare andhospicecare 183 Introduction 183 Basicservices 184 Financialadvantagesofhomecare 186 Availabilityofhomecare 186 Definitionofbonded,licensed,andcertifiedhealthpersonnel 186 Howtofindhomecareagencyservices 187 Medicare'sHomeHealthCompare 190 Homecarepersonnel 191 Costofhomecareservices 192 Howtofinancehomehealthcareservices 192 Hospicecare 198 Financinghospicecareservices 200 Findinghospicecare 202 Conclusion 202 10 Healthcareplanning 205 Introduction 205 Definitionofhealthplanning 207 Thehistoricaldevelopmentofplanning 209 HealthPlanningActof1974 212
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