Health at a glance [electronic resource] : Asia/Pacific 2010

2010·3.2 MB·English

by  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Health at a Glance
Asia/Pacific 2010
OECD
CopynghtednuBnaJ

Health at a Glance:
Asia/Pacific 2010
OECD
ThisworkispublishedontheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.The
opinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial
viewsoftheOrganisationorofthegovernmentsofitsmembercountries.
Pleasecitethispublicationas:
OECD(2010),HealthataGlance:Asia/?acijic2010,OECDPublishing.
http;//dx.doi.org/10.17S7/9789264096202-en
ISBN978-92-64-09618-9(print)
ISBN978-92-64-09620-2(PDF)
C©oivSetroiclklpuhstortaot.icono:m/RichardClarke/ILYAGENKIN/espion/CatherineYeulet/JasonHamel/KimGunkel/DavidGunn.
CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.
©OECD2010
Ybmaeouculkstnucoibawmmnleiecdtodtipgeaydm,[e-mail]cccsouonfptmoyeerrnnipttgefshrot,mrioypsworsnueiersorenoniwsttaongtipivuheosonen.t,so,Aaclnlbodlproyeygqospu,uoerswctteaisbnosfnioisnrtcopelfusubtdlhaeiincsedoxmrcateetcreoaprmctimhsaeilfrnrfcgooirmamalpOtuuEebsrlCeiiDcaalponsurd,blctpiorcrmaaonmtvseilioradnctseii,doandltarhutiasgathbetassssuhseiashtloalaubnblldede
addresseddirectlytotheCopyrightQearanceCenter(CCC)atin/[email protected]^aisd’exploitationdudroitdecopie(CFG)
atcontact@c/copies.com.
Acorrigendumhasbeenissuedforthispage.See:http://www.oecd.Org/dataoecd/3/5/46897775.pdf
H©eaOlEtChDat20a1G0lance;Asia/Pacific2010
Foreword
ThisfirsteditionofHealthataGlance:Asia/Pacificpresentsasetofkeyindicators
onhealthandhealthsystemsfor27Asia/Pacificcountriesandeconomies,including
fourOECDmembercountries(Australia,Japan,NewZealandandtheRepublicof
Korea).ItbuildsontheformatusedinpreviouseditionsofHealthataGlance:OECD
Indicatorstopresentcomparabledataonhealthstatusanditsdeterminants,health
careresourcesandutilisation,andhealthexpenditureandfinancing.
ExtendingtheHealthataGlanceformattocountriesintheAsia/Pacificregion
presentschallenges.Countriesintheregionarediverse,andtheirhealthissuesand
levelsofhealthsystemdevelopmentoftendiffer.Theindicatorsselectedhere
presentaconciseandquantitativeoverviewofhealthandhealthsystemsinthe
Asia/Pacificregion,usingavailableinformation.AlongsidetheresourcesoftheOECD,
theproductionofHealthataGlance:Asia/Pacificbenefitted greatlyfromthe
statisticsoftheWorldHealthOrganization.
ThispublicationwaspreparedjointlybytheOECDHealthDivisionandthe
OECD/KoreaPolicyCentre,undertheco-ordinationofLucaLorenzoniandMichaelde
Looper.Chapter1andChapter2werepreparedbyMichaeldeLooper.Chapter3was
preparedbyEunjeongKang(KoreanInstituteforHealthandSocialAffairs),RaviP.
Rannan-EliyaandRuwanthiWickramasinghe(InstituteforHealthPolicy,SriLanka),
andMichaeldeLooper,GaetanLafortuneandValerieMoran.Chapter4waswritten
byLucaLorenzoniandHyoung-SunJeong(YonseiUniversity,RepublicofKorea).This
publicationbenefitedfromthecommentsandsuggestionsofMarkPearson(Headof
OECDHealthDivision),MartinaPellnyandChristopherJames(WHOWPRO),and
SunilSenanayake(WHOSEARO).
HEALTHATAGLANCE:ASIA/PACIFIC2010©OECD2010 3
CopyngnteOt
TABLEOFCONTENTS
TableofContents
Introduction 7
Chapter1.HealthStatus 11
1.1 Lifeexpectancyatbirth 12
1.2 Infantmortality 14
1.3 Under-5mortality 16
1.4 Mortalityfromallcauses 18
1.5 Mortalityfromcardiovasculardisease 20
1.6 Mortalityfromcancer 22
1.7 Mortalityfrominjuries 23
1.8 Maternalmortality 26
1.9 Nutrition 28
1.10Tuberculosis 30
1.11Malaria 32
1.12Diabetes 34
Chapter2.DeterminantsofHealth 37
2.1 Reproductivehealth 38
2.2 Lowbirthweight 40
2.3 Breastfeeding 42
2.4 Nutrition 44
2.5 Underweightandoverweight 46
2.6 Waterandsanitation 48
2.7 Tobacco 50
2.8 Alcohol 52
Chapter3.HealthCareResourcesandUtilisation 55
3.1 Doctorsandnurses 56
3.2 Consultationswithdoctors 58
3.3 Hospitalbedsandaveragelengthofstay 60
3.4 Hospitaldischarges 62
3.5 Pregnancyandbirth 64
3.6 Childhoodvaccination 66
Chapter4.HealthExpenditureandFinancing 69
4.1 Healthexpenditurepercapita 70
4.2 HealthexpenditureinrelationtoGDP 72
HEALTHATAGLANCE:ASIA/PACIFIC2010©OECD2010 5
INTRODUCTION
4.3 Financingofhealthcare 74
4.4 Healthexpenditurebyfunction 76
4.5 Healthexpenditurebyprovider 78
AnnexA:Nationaldatasources 81
AnnexB;Additionalinformationondemographicandeconomiccontexts 83
TableA.l.Totalmid-yearpopulation,thousands,1960to2008 83
TableA.2.Shareofthepopulationaged65andover,1960-65to2005-10 84
TableA.3.Crudebirthrate,per1000population,1960to2008 85
TableA.4.Fertilityrate,numberofchildrenperwomen
aged15-49,1960-65to2005-10 86
TableA.5.GDPpercapitain2008andaverageannual
growthrates,1970to2008 87
Bibliography 88
6 HEALTHATAGLANCE:ASIA/PACIFIC2010©OECD2010
TABLEOFCONTENTS
H©eaOlEtChDat20a1G0lance:Asia/Pacific2010
Introduction
I~IealthataGlance:Asia/Pacific2010presentsasetofkeyindicatorsonhealthand
healthsystemsfor27Asia/Pacificcountriesandeconomies,includingfourOECD
membercountries(Australia,Japan,NewZealandandtheRepublicofKorea).Itbuilds
ontheformatusedinpreviouseditionsofHealthataGlancetopresentcomparable
dataonhealthstatusanditsdeterminants,healthcareresourcesandutilisation,and
healthexpenditureandfinancing.
Theindicatorshavebeenselectedonabasisofbeingrelevanttothehealth
needsofpeopleintheAsia/Pacificregion,takingintoaccounttheavailabilityand
comparabilityofexistingdata.Thepublicationtakesadvantageoftheroutine
administrativeandprogrammedatacollectedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,
especiallytheWesternPacificandSouth-EastAsiaRegionalOffices(WPROand
SEARO),aswellasspecialcountrysurveys collectingdemographicandhealth
information.
Italsodrawsontheresourcesofcollaborativepartnershipsofexpertsand
agenciesintheAsia/Pacificregion,suchastheAsia/PacificNationalHealthAccounts
Network(APNHAN).
Theindicatorsarepresentedintheformofeasy-to-readfiguresandexplanatory
text.
Structureofthepublication
HealthataGlance:Asia/Pacific2010isdividedintofourchapters:
•Chapter1 onHealthStatushighlightsthevariations acrosscountriesinlife
expectancy,infantandchildhoodmortalityandmajorcausesofmortalityand
morbidity,includingbothcommunicableandnon-communicablediseases.
•Chapter2onDeterminantsofHealthfocusesonnon-medicaldeterminantsofhealth.
Itfeaturesthehealthofmothersandbabies,throughreproductivehealthissues,
lowbirthweightandbreastfeeding.Italsoincludeslifestyle andbehavioural
indicatorssuchassmokingandalcoholdrinking,nutrition,andunderweightand
overweight,aswellaswaterandsanitation.
•Chapter3onHealthCareResourcesandUtilisationreviewssomeoftheinputsand
outputsofhealthcaresystems.Thisincludesthesupplyofdoctorsandnursesand
hospitalbeds,aswellastheprovisionofprimaryandsecondaryhealthcare
services,suchasdoctorconsultationsandhospitaldischarges,aswellasarangeof
servicessurroundingpregnancy,childbirthandinfancy.
•Chapter4onHealthExpenditureandFinancingexaminestrendsinhealthspending
acrossAsia/Pacificcountries.Italsolooksathowhealthservicesandgoodsare
paidfor,andthedifferentmixbetweenpublicfunding,privatehealthinsurance.
HEALTHATAGLANCE:ASIA/PACIFIC2010©OECD2010 7
INTRODUCTION
anddirectout-of-pocketpaymentsbyhouseholds.
AnnexBprovidessomeadditionaltablesonthedemographicandeconomic
contextwithinwhichdifferenthealthsystemsoperate.
Asia/Pacificcountries
ForthisfirsteditionofHealthataGlance:Asia/Pacific,T1regionalcountriesand
economiesarecompared-22inAsia(Bangladesh,BruneiDarussalem,Cambodia,
China,DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea,HongKong-China,India,Indonesia,
Japan,LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic,Macao-China,Malaysia,Mongolia,Myanmar,
Nepal,Pakistan,Philippines,RepublicofKorea,Singapore,SriLanka,Thailandand
Vietnam)andfiveinthePacificregion(Australia,Fiji,NewZealand,PapuaNew
GuineaandSolomonIslands).
FourofthesecountriesareOECDmembers(Australia,Japan,NewZealandand
theRepublicofKorea).
Presentationofindicators
Eachofthetopicscoveredinthispublicationispresentedovertwopages.The
firstpagedefinestheindicatorandnotesanysignificantvariationswhichmight
affectdatacomparability.Italsoprovidesbriefcommentaryhighlightingthekey
findingsconveyedbythedata.Onthefacingpageisasetoffigures.Thesetypically
showcurrentlevelsoftheindicatorand,wherepossible,trendsovertime.Insome
cases,anadditionalfigurerelatingtheindicatortoanothervariableisincluded.
Averages
Intextandfigures,’Asia-xx’referstotheunweightedaverageforAsiancountries
andeconomies,where‘xx’isthenumberofcountriesforwhichdataareavailable.It
excludesthefivePacificcountries(Australia,Fiji,NewZealand,PapuaNewGuinea
andSolomonIslands)andtheOECDaverage.
‘OECD’referstotheunweightedaverageforthe34OECDmembercountries.It
includesAustralia,Japan,NewZealandandtheRepublicofKorea,butexcludesthe
Asiaaverage.DataforOECDcountriesaregenerallyextractedfromOECDsources,
unlessstatedotherwise.
Countrycodes(ISOcodes)
Australia AUS Mongolia MNG
Bangladesh BGD Myanmar MMR
BruneiDarussalem BRN Nepal NPL
Cambodia KHM NewZealand N2L
China CHN Pakistan PAK
DemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea PRK PapuaNewGuinea PNG
Fiji FJI Philippines PHL
HongKong-China HKG RepublicofKorea KOR
India IND Singapore SGP
Indonesia IDN SolomonIslands SLB
Japan JPN SriLanka LKA
LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic LAO Thailand THA
Macao-China MAC Vietnam VNM
8 HEALTHATAGLANCE:ASIA/PACIFIC2010®OECD2010