Health at a Glance 2009 [electronic resource] : OECD Indicators

2009·7.3 MB·English

by  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Health at a Glance
2009
OECDINDICATORS
m
OECD
CoivrghlKli

Health at a Glance 2009
OECDINDICATORS
m
OECD
CowngnieOt
ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATION
ANDDEVELOPMENT
TheOECDisauniqueforumwherethegovernmentsof30democraciesworktogetherto
addresstheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalchallengesofglobalisation.TheOECDisalsoat
theforefrontofeffortstounderstandandtohelpgovernmentsrespondtonewdevelopmentsand
concerns,suchascorporategovernance,theinformationeconomyandthechallengesofan
ageingpopulation.TheOrganisationprovidesasettingwheregovernmentscancomparepolicy
experiences,seekanswerstocommonproblems,identifygoodpracticeandworktoco-ordinate
domesticandinternationalpolicies.
TheOECDmembercountriesare:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,theCzechRepublic,
Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Korea,
Luxembourg,Mexico,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,theSlovakRepublic,
Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Tlirkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.TheCommissionof
theEuropeanCommunitiestakespartintheworkoftheOECD.
OECDPublishingdisseminateswidelytheresultsoftheOrganisation’sstatisticsgatheringand
researchoneconomic,socialandenvironmentalissues,aswellastheconventions,guidelinesand
standardsagreedbyitsmembers.
Thisluorfeispublishedontheresponsibilityo/theSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.The
opinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial
viewsoftheOrganisationorofthegovernmentsofitsmembercountries.
ISBN978-92-64-06153-8(print)
ISBN978-92-64-07555-9(PDF)
ISBN978-92-64-07643-3(HTML)
DOI10.17S7/health_glance-2009-en
AlsoavailableinFrench:Panoramadelasante2009;LesindicateursdeI'OCDE
PC©hhooantpootkecyrre-3d:Fio©tst:oRlaCinao.dvceyormF.©arCihSsat/poCtcokerbrbyi7ts:.e©/CFThoetatoprstaeeairrmca4h:g.e©sC/VhIinanmpcategenirtn1e:H.a©zaCto/mPshtootcok/AJlutpo.itCehraipmtaegers5.:C©haCpRtEeArTA2S:/©JuCpoimtsetroicmka/gJeusp.itCehraipmtaegres6.:
CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/pubhshing/corrigenda.
©OECD2009
Yproouduccatnscionpyy,oudrowonwlnodaodcourmpernitnst,OpErCesDenctoanttieonnts,fobrlyogosu,rwoewbsnitueses,aannddtyeoacuhcianngmiantcelruidaelse,xcperropvtisdfedrotmhaOtEsCuiDtapbulbeliaccaktinoonwsl,eddagtmaebansteosfaOnEdCmDulatsismoeudricae
apenrdmciospsyiroinghtotpohwonteorcoispygipvoern.tiAolnlsroefqtuheisstsmaftoerrpiuabllfiocroprubcloimcmoerrccioamlmeursceiaalndusterasnhsallaltiboe[e-mail](sCCfCo)r
[email protected]^aisd’exploitationdudroitdecopie(CFC)[email protected].
FOREWORD
Foreword
Tm.latesteditionofHealthataGlanceillustratestheprogressthathasbeenmade,both
nationallyandinternationally,inmeasuringtheperformanceofhealthsystems.Attheirmeetingin
May2004,HealthMinistersaskedtheOECDtoworkwithnationaladministrationstoimprovethe
evidencebaseforcomparinghealthsystemperformanceby:1)ensuringthatOECDHealthData
wouldbetimelyandaccurate;2)continuingtheimplementationofhealthaccountstoimprovethe
availabilityandcomparabilityofhealthexpenditureandfinancingdata;and3)developing
indicatorsofqualityofcareandhealthoutcomesincollaborationwithnationalexperts.Substantial
progresshasbeenachievedinalloftheseareas,andthisisreflectedbythebroaderrangeof
indicatorsofinputs,outputsandoutcomesofhealthsystemspresentedinthispublication.
Theproductiono/HealthataGlancewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthecontribution
ofOECDHealthDataNationalCorrespondents,HealthAccountsExperts,andexpertsinuoluedinthe
HealthCareQualityIndicatorsproject.TheOECDgratefullyacknowledgestheirefforttosupplymost
ofthedataandqualitatiuein/ormationcontainedinthispublication.TheOECDalsoacknowledges
thecontributionofotherinternationalorganisations,especiallytheWorldHealthOrganisationand
Eurostat,forsharingsomeofthedatapresentedhere,andtheEuropeanCommissionforsupporting
datadevelopmentworkintheareaofhealthaccountsandqualityofcareindicators.
ThispublicationwaspreparedbyateamfromtheOECDHealthDiuisionundertheco-ordination
ofGaetanLafortuneandMichaeldehooper.Chapter1waspreparedbyMichaeldehooper;Chapter2
byDominicRichardson,FrancoSassi,MicheleCecchiniandMichaeldehooper;Chapter2by
Gaetanhafortune,RieFujisawaandJean-ChristopheDumont;Chapter4byGaetanhafortune,Valerie
Paris,GaelleBalestatandFrancisNotzon(fromtheNationalCentreforHealthStatistics,United
States);Chapter5byIanBrownwood,SandraGarciaArmesto,NiekKlazinga,SoerenMattke(from
Bain,UnitedStates)andSaskiaDrosler(fromNiederrheinUniversityofAppliedSciences,Germany);
Chapter6byMichaeldeLooper;andChapter7byDauidMorgan,RobertoAstoljiandWilliamCaue.
AllthefigureswerepreparedbyGaelleBalestat,withtheexceptionofthefiguresforChapter5which
werepreparedbyRieFujisawaandLihanWei,andthe^gures/orChapter7whichwerepreparedby
DauidMorganandRobertoAstol/i.Thispublicationbenefitedfrommanycommentsandsuggestions
byMarkPearson.
HEALTHATAGLANCE2009:OECDINDICATORS©OECD2009 3
CogyngM'
TABLEOFCONTENTS
TableofContents
Introduction 9
1.HealthStatus 15
1.1. Lifeexpectancyatbirth 16
1.2. Lifeexpectancyatage65 18
1.3. Prematuremortality 20
1.4. Mortalityfromheartdiseaseandstroke 22
1.5. Mortalityfromcancer 24
1.6. Mortalityfromroadaccidents 26
1.7. Suicide 28
1.8. Infantmortality 30
1.9. Infanthealth:lowbirthweight 32
1.10.Dentalhealthamongchildren 34
1.11.Perceivedhealthstatus 36
1.12.Diabetesprevalenceandincidence 38
1.13.AIDSincidence 40
2.Non-medicalDeterminantsofHealth 43
2.1. Smokingandalcoholconsumptionatage15 44
2.2. Nutritionatages11,13and15 46
2.3. Physicalactivityatages11,13and15 48
2.4. Overweightandobesityamongchildren 50
2.5. Tobaccoconsumptionamongadults 52
2.6. Alcoholconsumptionamongadults 54
2.7. Overweightandobesityamongadults 56
3.HealthWorkforce 59
Introduction 60
3.1. Employmentinthehealthandsocialsectors 62
3.2. Practisingphysicians 64
3.3. Medicalgraduates 66
3.4. Foreign-trainedphysicians 68
3.5. Remunerationofdoctors(generalpractitionersandspecialists) 70
3.6. Gynaecologistsandobstetricians,andmidwives 72
3.7. Psychiatrists 74
3.8. Practisingnurses 76
3.9. Nursinggraduates 78
3.10.Remunerationofnurses 80
3.11.Dentists 82
3.12.Pharmacists 84
HEALTHATAGLANCE2009:OECDINDICATORS©OECD2009 5
TABLEOFCONTENTS
4.HealthCareActivities 87
Introduction 88
4.1. Consultationswithdoctors 90
4.2. Medicaltechnologies(supplyanduse) 92
4.3. Hospitalbeds(supplyanduse) 94
4.4. Hospitaldischarges 96
4.5. Averagelengthofstayinhospitals 98
4.6. Cardiacprocedures(coronarybypassandangioplasty) 100
4.7. Treatmentofrenalfailure(dialysisandkidneytransplants) 102
4.8. Caesareansections 104
4.9. Cataractsurgeries 106
4.10.Pharmaceuticalconsumption 108
5.QualityofCare Ill
Introduction 112
Careforchronicconditions 116
5.1. Avoidableadmissions:respiratorydiseases 116
5.2. Avoidableadmissions:diabetescomplications 118
5.3. Avoidableadmissions:congestiveheartfailure,hypertension 120
Acutecareforchronicconditions 122
5.4. In-hospitalmortalityfollowingacutemyocardialinfarction 122
5.5. In-hospitalmortalityfollowingstroke 124
Careformentaldisorders 126
5.6. Unplannedhospitalre-admissionsformentaldisorders 126
Cancercare 128
5.7. Screening,survivalandmortalityforcervicalcancer 128
5.8. Screening,survivalandmortalityforbreastcancer 130
5.9. Survivalandmortalityforcolorectalcancer 132
Careforcommunicablediseases 134
5.10.Childhoodvaccinationprogrammes 134
5.11.Influenzavaccinationforelderlypeople 136
6.AccesstoCare 139
Introduction 140
6.1. Unmethealthcareneeds 142
6.2. Coverageforhealthcare 144
6.3. Burdenofout-of-pockethealthexpenditure 146
6.4. Geographicdistributionofdoctors 148
6.5. Inequalitiesindoctorconsultations 150
6.6. Inequalitiesindentistconsultations 152
6.7. Inequalitiesincancerscreening 154
6 HEALTHATAGLANCE2009:OECDINDICATORS©OECD2009
TABLEOFCONTENTS
7.HealthExpenditureandFinancing 157
Introduction 158
7.1. Healthexpenditurepercapita 160
7.2. HealthexpenditureinrelationtoGDP 162
7.3. Healthexpenditurebyfunction 164
7.4. Pharmaceuticalexpenditure 166
7.5. Expenditurebydiseaseandage 168
7.6. Financingofhealthcare 170
7.7. Tradeinhealthservices(medicaltourism) 172
Bibliography 175
AnnexA. AdditionalInformationonDemographicandEconomicContext,
HealthSystemCharacteristics,andHealthExpenditureandFinancing...187
AnnexB. ListofVariablesinOECDHealthData2009 200
Thisbookhas...
StatLinks
AservicethatdeliversExcerfiies
fromtheprintedpage!
TLooodkowfonrltohaedStthaetLmiantkcshaitntgheExbcoetlt®omsprriegahdts-hheaentd,cjoursntetrypoeftthheetlainbkleisntoorygoruarpIhnsteirnntehtisbrboowoske.r,
scIfltiaycroktui’onrngewtriheteahdltiinhnkeg.htYothute’plP:l/Df/Fidnxde.-dSbotioa.tooLkrignekdpisrteiafopinxp,.eaarnidnygoiunrmPoCreisOcEoCnnDecbtoeodkst.otheInternet,simply
HEALTHATAGLANCE2009:OECDINDICATORS©OECD2009 7
Cepyngnwor
CogyngM'