Head, Thoracic, Abdominal, and Vascular Injuries: Trauma Surgery I

435 Pages·2011·41.16 MB·English

by  H.-G. Imhof

European Manual of Medicine

Hans-Jörg Oestern • Otmar Trentz
Selman Uranues
(Editors)
Wolfgang Arnold
Uwe Ganzer
(Series Editors)
Head, Thoracic,
Abdominal,
and Vascular Injuries
Trauma Surgery I
Editors
Prof. Hans-Jörg Oestern, MD Univ. - Prof. Selman Uranues, MD
Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle Medizinische Universität Graz
Klinik für Unfall- und Auenbruggerplatz 15
Wiederherstellungschirurgie 8036 Graz
Siemensplatz 4 Austria
29223 Celle [email protected]
Germany
[email protected]
Prof. Otmar Trentz, MD
UniversitätsSpital Zürich
Forschungsabteilung Chirurgie
Klusweg 18
8032 Zürich
Switzerland
[email protected]
Series Editors
Prof. Wolfgang Arnold, MD Prof. Uwe Ganzer, MD
Director emeritus Director emeritus
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Head & Neck Surgery Head & Neck Surgery
Klinikum rechts der Isar University of Düsseldorf
Technical University of Munich Düsseldorf
Munich Germany
Germany [email protected]
[email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-88121-6 e-ISBN 978-3-540-88122-3
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-88122-3
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937981
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Foreword of the Series Editors
The European Manual of Medicine was founded on the idea of offering resident as
well as specialized clinicians the latest and most up-to-date information on diagnosis
and treatment in Europe. In contrast to existing textbooks, the European Manual of
Medicine aims to find a consensus on the demands of modern European medicine
based on the “logbooks” recommended by the Union of European Medical Societies
(UEMS). Therefore, for each discipline those diagnostic and therapeutic principles
that are generally considered best practice are presented as “recommended European
standards.”
To fulfill these demands we – together with Springer – recruited editors who are
well established and recognized in their specialties. For each volume at least three
editors from different European countries were invited to contribute the high clinical
and scientific standards of their discipline to their book.
Wherever possible the volume editors were asked to follow a standardized structure
for each chapter so as to provide readers quick and easy access to the material. High-
quality illustrations and figures serve to provide additional useful information. Detailed
references allow interested readers to further investigate areas of individual interest.
The series editors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Springer-Verlag, espe-
cially to Gabriele Schroeder and Stephanie Benko for their support and assistance in
the realization of this project from the early stages.
The fifth volume of our European Manual of Medicine series is dedicated to
trauma surgery and will be published in three parts. The first part presented here
focuses on cranial, thoracic, abdominal and vascular trauma. The following two parts
will deal with trauma of the skeletal system and joints, of peripheral nerves and soft
tissues, as well as with the special care needed by trauma patients, handling compli-
cations, pain management, and principles of rehabilitation.
One of the main aims of this volume is to provide, especially, trainees with a compre-
hensive yet condensed guide to the core knowledge required in this broad surgical field
and also give them the ability to work in their specialty throughout the European Union.
The volume editors Prof. Hans-Jörg Oestern (Celle, Germany), Prof. Otmar Trentz
(Zürich Switzerland) and Prof. Selman Uranues (Graz, Austria), – who are leading
European experts in trauma surgery, – recruited contributors from different European
countries to compile a textbook that fulfills our original concept of the European
Manual of Medicine series.
Munich Wolfgang Arnold
Düsseldorf Uwe Ganzer
Fall 2010
v

Preface
Internationally, trauma is at the top, if not the very top of the list of causes of death
under the age of 50 years. At the same time, enormous developments continue to be
made in diagnostics and treatment, while the field of trauma/acute/emergency surgery
undergoes exciting and dramatic expansion and restructuring, with the establishment
of new surgical specialties. At this crucial juncture, it is desirable to work in the
direction of bringing evidence-based order and uniformity into the trauma care
system.
This first volume in the “Trauma Surgery” series deals with cranial, thoracic,
abdominal, and vascular trauma. These injuries frequently fulfill the criteria for “lethal
trauma” and are often camouflaged by more obvious associated lesions. Even though
the emergency and trauma surgeon may need the support of organ-focused specialists
for the definitive surgical care of many of the addressed injuries, he or she must be
able to detect the full trauma pattern, set priorities, and perform at least the most
urgent damage-control procedures. The organ-focused specialist, moreover, may
have had only sporadic exposure to critical organ lesions and the respective hand-
books may provide only marginal coverage of trauma issues.
Target groups of this volume are general and trauma surgeons looking for an up-
to-date outline of surgical trauma care or preparing for the EBSQ-Trauma exam. The
contributing authors are all highly experienced trauma surgeons or specialists in their
fields with strong trauma commitment. They are drawn in part from the professional
environment of the editors, and in part from the distinguished faculty of AAST and
ESTES congresses.
Progress is made when established techniques are challenged and know-how is
transmitted to critical colleagues. In this sense, the editors hope that surgeons, whether
young or established, will scrutinize the given recommendations, apply them, and
pass on their suggestions for improving them.
We express our sincere gratitude to all the authors who contributed to this volume
for sharing their extraordinary experience in the field of trauma.
Special appreciation also is due to Springer Publishing and in particular to Gabriele
Schroeder for initiating and publishing this volume of “Trauma Surgery.” Finally, we
are very much indebted to Stephanie Benko for her support of both the editors and the
authors.
Celle, Graz, and Zurich Hans-Jörg Oestern
Fall 2010 Otmar Trentz
Selman Uranues
vii

Contents
1 Traumatic Brain Injury....................................... 1
H.-G. Imhof and P. Lenzlinger
2 Intensive Care Treatment Options of Elevated
Intracranial Pressure Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury..... 93
John F. Stover and Reto Stocker
3 Craniofacial Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Marius G. Bredell and Klaus W. Grätz
4 Chest Trauma............................................... 223
Demetrios Demetriades, Peep Talving, and Kenji Inaba
5 Diaphragm ................................................. 257
Luke P.H. Leenen
6 Esophageal and Gastric Injuries ............................... 263
Paul M. Schneider, Georg Lurje, Peter Bauerfeind,
and Marc Schiesser
7 Liver ...................................................... 275
Luke P.H. Leenen
8 Splenic Injuries.............................................. 285
Selman Uranues and Abe Fingerhut
9 Pancreas, Duodenum, Small Bowel ............................. 297
Ari K. Leppäniemi
10 Colorectal Injuries........................................... 305
Alexander Woltmann and Christian Hierholzer
11 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, Abdominal
Decompression, and Temporary Abdominal Closure............... 317
Christoph Meier
ix