Head & Neck Muscles

14 Pages·2020·8.365 MB·English

by  kenhub.com

Cheat Sheet (English Terminology)
Head and Neck:
Muscle Charts
www.kenhub.com
Muscles of facial expression, mastication
and middle ear
Epicranial group Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Frontal belly (frontalis): Frontal belly: Temporal Frontal belly: Elevates
Skin of eyebrow, Muscles branches of facial nerve eyebrows, Wrinkles skin of
of forehead (CN VII) forehead
Occipitofrontalis
Occipital belly (occipitalis): Occipital belly: Posterior Occipital belly: Retracts
EEppiiccrraanniiaall
(Lateral 2/3 of) Superior auricular nerve (branch of scalp
aappoonneeuurroossiiss
nuchal line facial nerve (CN VII))
Tenses fascia of temporal
Temporal branches of
Temporoparietalis Auricular muscles region, Assists with
facial nerve (CN VII)
movement of auricle
Auricular group Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Auricularis Temporal fascia/
Spine of helix Draws auricle anteriorly
anterior Epicranial aponeurosis
TTeemmppoorraall bbrraanncchheess ooff
ffaacciiaall nneerrvvee ((CCNN VVIIII))
Auricularis Superior surface of
Epicranial aponeurosis Draws auricle superiorly
superior auricle
Posterior auricular nerve
Auricularis Mastoid process of Ponticulus of conchal
(branch of facial nerve (CN Draws auricle posteriorly
posterior temporal bone eminence
VII))
Orbital group Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Orbital part: Closes eyelids
tightly
Nasal part of frontal bone, Skin of orbital region,
Temporal and zygomatic
Frontal process of maxilla, Lateral palpebral Palpebral part: Closes
Orbicularis oculi branches of facial nerve
Medial palpebral ligament, ligament, Superior eyelids gently
(CN VII)
Lacrimal bone and inferior tarsi
Lacrimal part: Compresses
lacrimal sac
Medial end of superciliary
Corrugator Skin above middle of Creates vertical wrinkles
arches, Fibers of
supercilii supraorbital margin over glabella
orbicularis oculi muscle
TTeemmppoorraall bbrraanncchheess ooff
ffaacciiaall nneerrvvee ((CCNN VVIIII))
Depresses medial portion
Depressor Skin of medial end of
Medial angle of orbit of eyebrow, Moves skin of
supercilii eyebrow and glabella
glabella
Nasal group Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Skin of glabella, Temporal, lower
Depresses medial end of
Nasal bone, (Superior part Fibres of frontal belly zygomatic or buccal
Procerus eyebrow, Wrinkles skin of
of ) Lateral nasal cartilage of occipitofrontalis branches of facial nerve
glabella
muscle (CN VII)
Alar part: Frontal process
Alar part: Skin of ala;
of maxilla (superior to Alar part: Depresses ala
lateral incisor) laterally, Dilates nostrils
Transverse part: Buccal branch of facial
Nasalis
Merges with nerve (CN VII)
Transverse part: Maxilla Transverse part: Wrinkles
counterpart at
(superolateral to incisive skin of dorsum of nose
dorsum of nose
fossa)
Lateral crus of major
alar cartilage, Blends
Levator labii Zygomatic and buccal
with fibres of levator Elevates and everts upper
superioris alaeque Frontal process of maxilla branches of facial nerve
labii superioris and lip and nasal ala
nasi (CN VII)
orbicularis oris
muscles
Oral group Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Medial aspects of maxilla
Skin and mucous Closes mouth, Compresses
Orbicularis oris and mandible, Perioral skin
membrane of lips and protrudes lips
and muscles, Modiolus
BBuuccccaall bbrraanncchh ooff ffaacciiaall
(External lateral surface of)
nneerrvvee ((CCNN VVIIII))
Alveolar process of maxilla,
Compresses cheek against
Buccinator Buccinator ridge of
molar teeth
mandible, MMooddiioolluuss,, BBlleennddss wwiitthh
Pterygomandibular raphe mmuusscclleess ooff uuppppeerr lliipp
Zygomaticus (Posterior part of ) Lateral Elevates and everts angle
major aspect of zygomatic bone of mouth
Blends with muscles of
(Anterior part of)
Zygomaticus upper lip (medial to ZZZyyygggooommmaaatttiiiccc aaannnddd bbbuuuccccccaaalll Elevates upper lip, Exposes
Lateral aspect of zygomatic
minor zygomaticus major bbbrrraaannnccchhheeesss ooofff fffaaaccciiiaaalll nnneeerrrvvveee maxillary teeth
bone
muscle) (((CCCNNN VVVIIIIII)))
Zygomatic process of
Levator labii Blends with muscles of Elevates and everts upper
maxilla, Maxillary process
superioris upper lip lip, Exposes maxillary teeth
of zygomatic bone
Parotid fascia, Buccal skin, Buccal branch of facial Extends angle of mouth
Risorius
Zygomatic bone (variable) nerve (CN VII) laterally
Zygomatic and buccal
Levator anguli
Canine fossa of maxilla branches of facial nerve Elevates angle of mouth
oris
MMMooodddiiiooollluuusss (CN VII)
Mental tubercle and
Buccal and mandibular
Depressor oblique line of mandible
branches of facial nerve Depresses angle of mouth
anguli oris (continuous with platysma
(CN VII)
muscle)
Oblique line of mandible
Depressor labii Skin and submucosa of Depresses lower lip
(continuous with platysma
inferioris lower lip inferolaterally
muscle)
MMaannddiibbuullaarr bbrraanncchh ooff
ffaacciiaall nneerrvvee ((CCNN VVIIII))
Elevates, everts and
Skin of chin
Mentalis Incisive fossa of mandible protudes lower lip,
(Mentolabial sulcus)
Wrinkles skin of chin
Muscle of
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
middle ear
Pyramidal eminence of Nerve to stapedius muscle Dampens vibrations passed
Stapedius Neck of stapes
tympanic cavity (of facial nerve (CN VII)) to cochlea via oval window
Cartilaginous part of
auditory tube,
Pulls handle of malleus
Greater wing of sphenoid Nerve to medial pterygoid
medially, Tenses tympanic
Tensor tympani bone, Petrous part of Handle of malleus muscle (of mandibular
membrane
temporal bone (semicanal nerve (CN V ))
3
for tensor tympani muscle)
Muscles of
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
mastication
Anterior fibres: Elevates
Temporal fossa (up to Apex and medial surface Deep temporal branches
mandible
Temporalis inferior temporal line), of coronoid process of (of mandibular nerve
Posterior part: Retracts
Temporal fascia mandible (CN V ))
3
mandible
Superficial part: Maxillary
process of zygomatic
bone, Inferior border of
Masseteric nerve
zygomatic arch Lateral surface of ramus Elevates and protrudes
Masseter (of mandibular nerve
(anterior 2/3’s) and angle of mandible mandible
(CN V ))
3
Deep part: Deep/inferior
surface of zygomatic
arch (posterior 1/3)
Superior head: Superior head: Joint Bilateral contraction -
Infratemporal crest of capsule of Protrudes and depresses
greater wing of sphenoid temporomandibular joint mandible, Stabilizes
Lateral pterygoid nerve
Lateral bone condylar head during
(of mandibular nerve
pterygoid Inferior head: Lateral Inferior head: Pterygoid closure;
(CN V ))
3
surface of lateral fovea on neck of Unilateral contraction -
pterygoid plate of condyloid process of Medial movement
sphenoid bone mandible (rotation) of mandible
Superficial part:
Bilateral contraction -
Tuberosity of maxilla,
Elevates and protrudes
Pyramidal process of Medial pterygoid nerve
Medial Medial surface of ramus mandible
palatine bone; (of mandibular nerve
pterygoid and angle of mandible Unilateral contraction-
Deep part: Medial surface (CN V ))
3
Medial movement
of lateral pterygoid plate
(rotation) of mandible
of sphenoid bone
Muscles of orbit
Extraocular
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles of eye
Levator
Lesser wing of sphenoid Superior tarsal plate, Skin
palpebrae Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Elevates superior eyelid
bone of upper eyelid
superioris
Lateral rectus Abducens nerve (CN VI) Abducts eyeball
Medial rectus Adducts eyeball
AAAAnnnntttteeeerrrriiiioooorrrr hhhhaaaallllffff ooooffff eeeeyyyyeeeebbbbaaaallllllll
CCCCoooommmmmmmmoooonnnn tttteeeennnnddddiiiinnnnoooouuuussss rrrriiiinnnngggg
((((ppppoooosssstttteeeerrrriiiioooorrrr ttttoooo Elevates, adducts,
Superior rectus ((((AAAAnnnnuuuulllluuuussss ooooffff ZZZZiiiinnnnnnnn))))
ccccoooorrrrnnnneeeeoooosssscccclllleeeerrrraaaallll jjjjuuuunnnnccccttttiiiioooonnnn)))) internally rotates eyeball
OOOOccccuuuulllloooommmmoooottttoooorrrr nnnneeeerrrrvvvveeee ((((CCCCNNNN IIIIIIIIIIII)))) Depresses, adducts,
Inferior rectus
Externally rotates eyeball
Inferolateral aspect of
Abducts, elevates,
Inferior oblique Orbital surface of maxilla eyeball (deep to lateral
Externally rotates eyeball
rectus muscle)
Superolateral aspect of
Superior eyeball (deep to rectus Abducts, depresses,
Body of sphenoid bone Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
oblique superior, via trochlea internally rotates eyeball
orbitae)
Muscles of tongue
Intrinsic tongue
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles
Retracts and broadens
Superior Submucosa of posterior Apex/Anterolateral
tongue, Elevates apex of
longitudinal muscle tongue, Lingual septum margins of tongue
tongue
Retracts and broadens
Inferior longitudinal Root of tongue, Body of
Apex of tongue tongue, Lowers apex of
muscle hyoid bone HHHHyyyyppppoooogggglllloooossssssssaaaallll nnnneeeerrrrvvvveeee
tongue
((((CCCCNNNN XXXXIIIIIIII))))
Lateral margin of Narrows and elongates
Transverse muscle Lingual septum
tongue tongue
Root of tongue, Genioglossus Broadens and elongates
Vertical muscle Lingual aponeurosis
muscle tongue
Extrinsic tongue
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles
Bilateral contraction -
Entire length of
Depresses and
Superior mental spine of dorsum of tongue/ protrudes tongue;
Genioglossus
mandible Lingual aponeurosis, Unilateral contraction -
Deviates tongue
Body of hyoid bone
contralaterally
Body and greater horn of Inferior/Ventral parts Depresses and retracts
Hyoglossus
hyoid bone of lateral tongue HHHyyypppoooggglllooossssssaaalll nnneeerrrvvveee tongue
(((CCCNNN XXXIIIIII)))
Longitudinal part:
Blends with inferior
Anterolateral aspect of
longitudinal muscle Retracts and elevates
styloid process (of temporal
Styloglossus lateral aspects of
bone), Stylomandibular
Oblique part: Blends tongue
ligament
with hyoglossus
muscle
Lateral margins of
Vagus nerve (CN X) Elevates root of tongue,
Palatine aponeurosis of soft tongue, Blends with
Palatoglossus (via branches of Constricts isthmus of
palate intrinsic muscles of
pharyngeal plexus) fauces
tongue
Muscles of pharynx & soft palate
Pharyngeal
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
constrictors
Pterygoid hamulus,
Pharyngeal tubercle
Superior pharyngeal Pterygomandibular raphe,
on basilar part of
constrictor Posterior end of mylohyoid
occipital bone
line of mandible
BBrraanncchheess ooff
pphhaarryynnggeeaall pplleexxuuss
Median pharyngeal
((CCNN XX))
raphe, Blends with
Middle pharyngeal Stylohyoid ligament, Greater
superior and inferior
constrictor and lesser horn of hyoid bone
pharyngeal
constrictors CCCooonnnssstttrrriiiccctttsss wwwaaallllll ooofff
ppphhhaaarrryyynnnxxx ddduuurrriiinnnggg
Both parts: Branches of
ssswwwaaallllllooowwwiiinnnggg
Thyropharyngeal part: pharyngeal plexus
Thyropharyngeal part: Median pharyngeal (CN X)
Oblique line of thyroid raphe
Inferior pharyngeal cartilage Cricopharyngeal part:
constrictor Cricopharyngeal part: also receives branches
Cricopharyngeal part: Cricoid Blends inferiorly with of external and/or
cartilage circular esophageal recurrent laryngeal
fibres branches of vagus
nerve (CN X)
Pharyngeal and
palatine muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
(cont’d)
Posterior border of
Elevates pharynx
Posterior border of hard thyroid cartilage, Blends
superiorly, anteriorly and
Palatopharyngeus palate, Palatine with contralateral
medially (shortening it to
aponeurosis palatopharyngeus BBrraanncchheess ooff
swallow)
muscle pphhaarryynnggeeaall pplleexxuuss
((CCNN XX))
Inferior/cartilaginous part Blends with Elevates pharynx, Opens
Salpingopharyngeus of auditory (Eustachian) palatopharyngeus auditory tube during
tube muscle swallowing
Blends with pharyngeal
constrictors, Lateral
Medial base of styloid Glossopharyngeal
Stylopharyngeus glossoepiglottic fold, Elevates pharynx and larynx
process of temporal bone nerve (CN IX)
Posterior border of
thyroid cartilage
Petrous part of temporal
Pharyngeal plexus Elevates soft palate (during
Levator veli palatini bone, Inferior/cartilaginous
(CN X) swallowing)
part of auditory tube
PPaallaattiinnee aappoonneeuurroossiiss
Scaphoid fossa of pterygoid Nerve to medial Tenses palatine aponeurosis;
process, Spine of sphenoid pterygoid (of Opens pharyngeal opening
Tensor veli palatini
bone, Membranous wall of Mandibular nerve of auditory tube (during
auditory tube (CN V3)) swallowing)
Laryngeal muscles
Intrinsic muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Oblique part: inferior horn External
Draws thyroid cartilage
of thyroid cartilage laryngeal nerve
Anterolateral part of anteroinferiorly, Lengthens
Cricothyroid (of superior
cricoid cartilage and tenses vocal ligament (for
Straight part: Inferior laryngeal nerve
high pitch sound)
margin of thyroid cartilage (CN X))
Posterior Posterior surface of Abducts and lengthens vocal
cricoarytenoid cricoid lamina folds, Opens glottis
MMuussccuullaarr pprroocceessss ooff
aarryytteennooiidd ccaarrttiillaaggee
Lateral Adducts and shortens vocal
Arch of cricoid cartilage
cricoarytenoid folds
Lateral border and Lateral border of muscular
Transverse
muscular process of process of opposite
arytenoid
arytenoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage
AAAdddddduuuccctttsss aaarrryyyttteeennnoooiiiddd cccaaarrrtttiiilllaaagggeeesss,,,
Apex of contralateral AAAccctttsss aaasss aaa sssppphhhiiinnncccttteeerrr ooonnn
Oblique arytenoid IIIIIIIInnnnnnnnffffffffeeeeeeeerrrrrrrriiiiiiiioooooooorrrrrrrr llllllllaaaaaaaarrrrrrrryyyyyyyynnnnnnnnggggggggeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaallllllll
arytenoid cartilage lllaaarrryyynnngggeeeaaalll iiinnnllleeettt
MMuussccuullaarr pprroocceessss ooff nnnnnnnneeeeeeeerrrrrrrrvvvvvvvveeeeeeee ((((((((ooooooooffffffff
aarryytteennooiidd ccaarrttiillaaggee rrrrrrrreeeeeeeeccccccccuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeennnnnnnntttttttt
Aryepiglottic Aryepiglottic fold, Lateral
llllllllaaaaaaaarrrrrrrryyyyyyyynnnnnnnnggggggggeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaallllllll nnnnnnnneeeeeeeerrrrrrrrvvvvvvvveeeeeeee
muscle border of epiglottis
((((((((CCCCCCCCNNNNNNNN XXXXXXXX))))))))))))))))
Angle of thyroid cartilage Draws arytenoid cartilages
Anterolateral surface of
Thyroarytenoid and adjacent cricothyroid anteriorly, Relaxes vocal
arytenoid cartilage
ligament ligament (for low pitch sound)
Lateral surface of vocal Relaxes posterior vocal
Vocalis processes of arytenoid Ipsilateral vocal ligament ligament, Maintains tension of
cartilage anterior vocal ligament
Thyroepiglottic
Angle of thyroid cartilage Lateral aspect of epiglottis Widens laryngeal inlet
muscle