Head and Neck Ultrasonography: Essential and Extended Applications

539 Pages·2017·182.098 MB·English

by  Lisa A. Orloff (Editor)

Head and neck UltrasonograpHy
essential and extended applications
second edition

Head and neck UltrasonograpHy
essential and extended applications
second edition
lisa a. orloff, Md, Facs, Face
5521 Ruffin Road
San Diego, CA 92123
e-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.pluralpublishing.com
Copyright © 2017 by Plural Publishing, Inc.
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NOTICE TO THE READER
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the indications, procedures, drug dosages, and diagnosis and
remediation protocols presented in this book and to ensure that they conform to the practices of the general
medical and health services communities. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible
for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make
no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of
the publication. The diagnostic and remediation protocols and the medications described do not necessarily
have specific approval by the Food and Drug administration for use in the disorders and/or diseases and
dosages for which they are recommended. Application of this information in a particular situation remains
the professional responsibility of the practitioner. Because standards of practice and usage change, it is the
responsibility of the practitioner to keep abreast of revised recommendations, dosages, and procedures.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Orloff, Lisa A., editor.
Title: Head and neck ultrasonography : essential and extended applications /
[edited by] Lisa A. Orloff.
Description: Second edition. | San Diego, CA : Plural Publishing, [2017] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016056763| ISBN 9781597568586 (alk. paper) | ISBN
1597568589 (alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Head — diagnostic imaging | Ultrasonography |
Neck — diagnostic imaging
Classification: LCC RF48 | NLM WE 700 | DDC 617.5/10754 — dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016056763
contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Contributors xi
1
The History of Head and Neck Ultrasonography 1
William B. Armstrong and Yarah M. Haidar
2
Essential Physics of Ultrasound 13
Marc D. Coltrera
3
Ultrasound Equipment, Techniques, and Advances 31
Kevin T. Brumund
4
Normal Head and Neck Ultrasound Anatomy 45
Russell B. Smith and Lisa A. Orloff
5
Thyroid Ultrasonography 81
Jennifer A. Sipos and Lisa A. Orloff
6
Parathyroid Ultrasonography 137
Maisie Shindo
7
Salivary Gland Ultrasonography 155
Peter Jecker, Urban W. Geisthoff, Jens E. Meyer, and Lisa A. Orloff
8
Ultrasonography of Neck Masses 189
Hans J. Welkoborsky
9
Laryngeal Ultrasonography 227
Timothy J. Beale, Lisa A. Orloff, and John S. Rubin
10
Transesophageal Endosonography 249
Michael Mello and Thomas J. Savides
11
Endobronchial Ultrasound 273
Mihir S. Parikh and Ganesh Krishna
v
vi Head and neck UltrasonograpHy
12
Airway Ultrasonography and Its Clinical Application to Airway Management 283
Lena Scotto, Lynn Cintron, Fredrick G. Mihm, and Vladimir Nekhendzy
13
Head and Neck Ultrasound in the Pediatric Population 305
Veronica J. Rooks and Benjamin B. Cable
14
Ultrasonography of the Face, Paranasal Sinuses, and Ear 323
Peter Jecker
15
Interventional Ultrasonography 343
Vinay T. Fernandes and Lisa A. Orloff
16
The Science and Art of Optimal Fine Needle Biopsy and Smear Making 365
John Stephen Abele
17
Office-Based Ultrasonography: Documentation and Reporting 389
Ilya Likhterov, Meghan E. Rowe, and Mark L. Urken
18
Vascular Ultrasound, Carotid, and Transcranial Doppler Imaging 395
Tatjana Rundek, Marialaura Simonetto, Nelly Campo, and Digna E. Cabral
19
Ultrasound Surveillance of the Neck in Head and Neck Cancer 459
Michiel W.M. van den Brekel and Jonas A. Castelijns
20
Head and Neck Ultrasonography in Global Health 481
Merry E. Sebelik
21
Head and Neck Ultrasound: Certification and Accreditation 497
Lisa A. Orloff
Index 501
preFace
Head and Neck Ultrasonography: Essential and ultrasound in airway management, global health,
Extended Applications, Second Edition is a com- pediatrics, endobronchial procedures, plus special
prehensive textbook of office-based and intra- chapters on fine-needle aspiration, documenta-
operative ultrasonography for clinicians, and tion, and accreditation.
especially surgeons, who manage patients with This textbook is unique both in its thorough-
head and neck disorders. Since the first edition ness and in its relevance to the clinical setting,
of this book was published, ultrasonography has where ultrasonographic examination is a dynamic
continued to experience an explosion in inter- and interactive process between physician and
est and application within nearly every medical patient. Although numerous examples of still
subspecialty. The anatomy of the head and neck ultrasound images are necessary and invaluable
is particularly accessible and amenable to ultra- (and are the traditional format of ultrasound text-
sound examination, and otolaryngologists/head books), this book also takes advantage of dynamic
and neck surgeons and endocrine surgeons are video clips that can be viewed online to best
increasingly incorporating ultrasonography into illustrate both the process and the interpretation
their clinical practices. There is an ever expand- of specific examinations and procedures. Both
ing body of journal literature citing the utility and standard B-mode (gray-scale) and color Doppler
advantages of neck ultrasonography, especially in sonography images are included.
the management of thyroid disease, head and neck Head and Neck Ultrasonography is organized
cancer, and benign neoplasms and masses in the into chapters written by individuals with particular
head and neck. There are evolving applications to expertise in the given topic. Contributors include
active processes such as swallowing, sleep dynam- predominantly surgeons but also authorities from
ics, and speech. The publication of this complete the fields of radiology, endocrinology, gastroen-
textbook of head and neck ultrasonography is the terology, neurology, anesthesiology, pulmonology,
ideal complement to this surge in appreciation and pathology. I have had the privilege of learn-
and utilization of ultrasonography. ing from and collaborating with these experts in
Head and Neck Ultrasonography covers the head and neck ultrasonography who are helping
fundamentals of ultrasound physics, equipment, to move the applications of this powerful tool for-
normal head and neck ultrasound anatomy, and ward. To the clinician caring for head and neck
technique. Individual chapters cover specific anat- disorders, I hope that this book will be a useful
omy and pathology. Interventional ultrasonogra- resource for trainees and experienced practitioners
phy and dynamic ultrasonography are included. alike and will provide stimulation for new applica-
New chapters since the first edition focus on tions of ultrasonography within the region.
vii

acknowledgMents
As a true sign that rightness can prevail, one of thank each of them sufficiently. I know that they
the chapters herein was contributed by an author derive the same gratification I do from sharing
from the very department that rejected my incor- their ultrasonography passion and insights with
porating ultrasound into my practice when I was others. Still, I would like to give special thanks
first getting started. Thankfully, the wisdom of to the following individuals: to all of my contrib-
utilizing ultrasonography in the office to provide uting authors for their hard work and commit-
optimal care for patients with diseases of the head ment to educating the readers of this book about
and neck speaks for itself. Since the first edition the infinite benefits of clinical ultrasonography;
of this textbook was published, there has evolved to Hans Welkoborsky, Urban Geisthoff, and Jens
a critical mass of authorities who are eager to Meyer, my enduring partners who have co-taught
practice, demonstrate, teach, and write about the annual introductory ultrasound courses, creat-
benefits of ultrasound, ensuring that head and ing that epiphany for the newly exposed, year
neck ultrasonography in the clinical realm is here after year; to my patients, who recognized long
to stay. There is ever-growing demand and inter- before the medical community did that point-
est in ultrasound education. Hence this updated of-care ultrasound had obvious advantages over
second edition, which features more numerous, ultrasound dissociated from clinical care; and to
more accessible, and more high-resolution images the late Senator J. William Fulbright for having
and video clips than in the first edition, represent- established a program that sponsors cultural and
ing the next best thing to real-time, interactive scientific exchange and mutual understanding,
ultrasonography. enabling individuals like me to meet and learn
Many people have contributed to bringing about amazing people and ideas such as those
this second edition to fruition, and I can never represented by this book.
ix