Table Of Content

Head and neck cancer Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes Second Edition Head and neck cancer Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes Second Edition Elizabeth C. Ward, BSpThy (Hons), Grad.Cert.Ed, PhD Corina J. van As-Brooks, SLP, PhD, MBA 5521 Ruffin Road San Diego, CA 92123 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.pluralpublishing.com Copyright © by Plural Publishing, Inc. 2014 Typeset in 10/13 Garamond Book by Flanagan’s Publishing Services, Inc. Printed in Korea by Four Colour Print Group All rights, including that of translation, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written consent of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by Telephone: (866) 758-7251 Fax: (888) 758-7255 e-mail: [email protected] Every attempt has been made to contact the copyright holders for material originally printed in another source. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will gladly make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. NOTICE TO THE READER Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the indications, procedures, drug dosages, and diagnosis and remediation protocols presented in this book and to ensure that they conform to the practices of the general medical and health services communities. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. The diagnostic and remediation protocols and the medications described do not necessarily have specific approval by the Food and Drug administration for use in the disorders and/or diseases and dosages for which they are recommended. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. Because standards of practice and usage change, it is the responsibility of the practitioner to keep abreast of revised recommendations, dosages, and procedures. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Head and neck cancer (Ward) Head and neck cancer : treatment, rehabilitation, and outcomes / [edited by] Elizabeth C. Ward, Corina J. van As-Brooks. — Second edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59756-567-7 (alk. paper) — ISBN 1-59756-567-9 (alk. paper) I. Ward, Elizabeth C., Dr., editor. II. As-Brooks, Corina J. van., editor. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Head and Neck Neoplasms — therapy. 2. Deglutition Disorders — rehabilitation. 3. Larynx, Artificial. 4. Speech Disorders — rehabilitation. 5. Speech, Alaryngeal. 6. Treatment Outcome. WE 707] RC280.H4 616.99'491 — dc23 2014005091 contents DVD Contents vii Preface ix Acknowledgments x About the Editors xi Contributors xiii 1 Cancer of the Head and Neck 1 Nicholas A. Saunders, William B. Coman, and Alexander D. Guminski 2 Evaluating the Impact of Cancer of the Head and Neck 29 Irma M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, Rico N. P. M. Rinkel, and C. René Leemans 3 Radiation and Chemotherapy 63 Lyndell E. Kelly 4 Oral, Oropharyngeal, and Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Intervention Approaches 103 I. Bing Tan, Sharon D. Stoker, and Ludwig E. Smeele 5 Speech and Swallowing Following Oral, Oropharyngeal, and 121 Nasopharyngeal Cancers Cathy L. Lazarus, Laurelie R. Wall, Elizabeth C. Ward, and Edwin M. Yiu 6 Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Intervention Approaches 151 Alfons J. M. Balm 7 Speech and Swallowing Following Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer 173 Kylie A. Perkins, Kelli L. Hancock, and Elizabeth C. Ward 8 Management of the Patient With a Tracheostomy 241 Hans Bogaardt, Katrina M. Jensen, and Elizabeth C. Ward 9 Nonsurgical Voice Restoration Following Total Laryngectomy 263 Jeff P. Searl and I. Susan Reeves 10 Prosthetic Tracheoesophageal Voice Restoration Following Total 301 Laryngectomy Corina J. van As-Brooks and Dennis P. Fuller 11 Swallowing Rehabilitation Following Total Laryngectomy 343 Elizabeth C. Ward, Sophie M. Kerle, Kelli L. Hancock, and Kylie A. Perkins 12 Stoma Care and Appliances 375 Elizabeth C. Ward, Lynn M. Acton, and Ann-Louise Spurgin vi HEAD AnD nECk CAnCEr: TrEATmEnT, rEHAbiliTATion, AnD ouTComES 13 Pulmonary Function and Rehabilitation 401 Frans J. M. Hilgers, Cindy van den Boer, Michiel W. M. van den Brekel, and Sara H. Muller 14 Rehabilitation of Olfaction and Taste Following Total Laryngectomy 421 Corina J. van As-Brooks, Caterina A. Finizia, Sophie M. Kerle, and Elizabeth C. Ward 15 Patient Support and Multidisciplinary Management 447 Nadine R. Lawson and Elizabeth C. Ward 16 Nutrition Intervention in Head and Neck Cancer 493 Nicole K. Kiss and Elisabeth A. Isenring 17 Associated Morbidities Affecting Quality of Life in Patients Treated with 507 Head and Neck Cancer Amanda Purcell and Jane Turner 18 Managing Survivorship: Issues for the Patient and Carer 525 Bena Cartmill, Rebecca L. Nund, and Elizabeth C. Ward 19 Supporting Head and Neck Cancer Management: Use of Technology 541 Clare L. Burns, Anne J. Hill, and Elizabeth C. Ward 20 Management of Head and Neck Cancer: An International Perspective 569 Elizabeth C. Ward, Robyn A. Burnett, Ann-Louise Spurgin, Annette M. Kelly, Julie A. G. Stierwalt, Kimberly R. Wilson, Edwin M. Yiu, and Lisette van der Molen index 593 dVd contents Chapter 5. Speech and Swallowing Following Supracricoid VFSS at 8 Weeks Oral, Oropharyngeal, and Nasopharyngeal Supracricoid FEES at 10 Weeks — Aspiration Cancers Saliva Videos Supracricoid VFSS at 12 Weeks Conversational Speech — Oral Cancer Patient Supracricoid Voice Tongue Range of Motion Chapter 9. Nonsurgical Voice Restoration VFSS/FEES Following Total Laryngectomy Partial Tongue Resection Inhalation Method ChemoRT Example 1 Videos ChemoRT Example 2 Inhalation Method Post Chemoradiotherapy — Aspiration Consonant Injection Method Double Swallow With Breath Hold Press Maneuver Chapter 7. Speech and Swallowing Following Esophageal Speaker Demos for Education Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Indirect Instruction Audio Distractors Hemilaryngectomy — Sustained Vowel Pneumatic Artificial Larynx Hemilaryngectomy — Connected Speech Neck Type EL Users Supracricoid — Sustained Vowel Intraoral EL Users Supracricoid — Connected Speech Other EL Devices Video EL Placement Daily Exercises Generating Strong Bursts and Frication MBS Feedback Voiced-Voiceless Contrasts Oral Care Intonation With an EL Coffee Word Stress With an EL Fatigue Chapter 10. Prosthetic Tracheoesophageal Voice VFSS/FEES Restoration Following Total Laryngectomy FEES: Supraglottic Swallow Audio Dysphagia Post XRT Hypertonicity Dysphagia Following Surgery and Post Op ORT Hypotonicity Dysphagia Post Chemoradiotherapy Male Tracheoesophageal Speaker Laser 5 Days Post Female Tracheoesophageal Speaker Laser 4 Weeks Post TE Speech Post Jejunal Reconstruction Supraglottic VFSS With Aspiration Sample 1, 2, and 3 Supraglottic FEES Assessment Stoma Noise viii HEAD AnD nECk CAnCEr: TrEATmEnT, rEHAbiliTATion, AnD ouTComES Videos Case Study — Pretreatment Myotomy Case Study — Posttreatment Cutting the Sternal Heads Chapter 12. Stoma Care and Appliances Retrograde Insertion Videos Inserting Blom Singer Indwelling Prosthesis Cleaning the Stoma Measurement of TEP Provox Tracheostoma Tube and HME Insertion of Dilator Cleaning the Tracheostoma Tube Provox NID Loading Tracheostoma Button and HME Provox NID Placement Preparing Neck and Attaching Base Plate Provox 2 Loading Adhesive Disk and Plastic Housing Provox 2 Placement Repairing Seal Provox Vega Loading and Placement Removal Function of Prosthesis: Swallow Function of Prosthesis: Voice Chapter 14. Rehabilitation of Olfaction and Learning Finger Occlusion Taste Following Total Laryngectomy Head Position and Voice Change Videos Leak Through Prosthesis — Water Laryngeal Bypass Leak Through Prosthesis — Saliva Learning NAIM Underpressure Swallow Frog Breathing Underpressure Inhalation Functional Odor Identification Manipulation of the Neoglottis and Resonance, Sequence of 5 Chapter 15. Patient Support and Digital Pressure Applied to the Neck Multidisciplinary Management Videos Chapter 11. Swallowing Rehabilitation Shock and Adjustment Following Total Laryngectomy Coming Home VFSS/FEES First Reactions Laryngectomy — Narrow Pharyngeal Lumen Biggest Worry Pharyngaloryngectomy — Obstruction at Lower Family Emotions Anastomosis Asking Questions Pharyngaloryngectomy — Graft Occasionally Closed to Bolus Life Since Laryngectomy Pharyngolaryngectomy — Graft Closed to Bolus Laryngectomy Support Visitor Laryngectomy — Using Head Tilt Laryngectomy Support Group Pseudoepiglottis Managing with Dysphagia Laryngectomy — Pharyngeal Pouch and C4-5 Two Voices Narrowing Chocolate Thickshake Laryngectomy — Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Adjusting to Changes Prominence Preface In producing this second edition we have had the patients. Understanding the long-term changes that opportunity to reflect on just how much has happened occur years after nonsurgical treatment is also a current in head and neck cancer (HNC) care since the first edi- focus in many research/clinical teams. Surgical voice tion was published. In under a decade we have seen restoration also continues to be refined and equipment our understanding of the causes and influencing fac- and devices enhanced to optimize outcomes. Further- tors for HNC rapidly expand. With this has come the more, helping patients and their carers live well with development and clinical implementation of targeted the negative consequences of treatment and embracing therapies and the future potential for de-escalation of a more holistic approach to evaluating patient out- treatment intensity for some individuals. The treatment comes is changing the nature of clinical care. With all options themselves have also changed for the better this, there has emerged a great interest in new models with new forms of non-surgical management providing of service delivery and alternate modes for providing more focused, targeted treatment, while surgical inter- improved patient services and support. ventions are continuing to refine and enhance recon- However, although a lot has been achieved across struction. The importance of the multidisciplinary team all fields involved in HNC care, there is still so much management continues to be paramount and now, more to do. The authors of the current chapters in this more than ever before, the focus of the team is on book represent just a small subset of the thousands patient outcomes and survivorship. of clinicians and researchers who are working daily In the field of speech-language pathology, our to improve patient care and outcomes following HNC. evidence base has also been rapidly expanding. Early The potential of what still can be achieved is enor- studies that explored the nature and extent of nega- mous. We hope your teams benefit from the clinical tive treatment outcomes have been expanded upon, and research insights that have been amassed here in and emerging data are helping to develop insights this textbook and we look forward to the next decade into prognostic factors that influence outcome. There of enhanced patient care. We also hope you find inspi- is active interest in the potential value of preventa- ration in José Cruz, a post laryngectomy patient, sky- tive treatment and early intervention for nonsurgical diving on his 80th birthday on the cover!