Hazardous air pollutants : case studies from asia

194 Pages·2015·14.091 MB·English

CHEMISTRY | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Shin Hazardous
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Air Pollutants
Case Studies from Asia
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Case Studies from Asia examines the variety of pub-
lic health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, increased
Case Studies from Asia
mortality, and impaired mental health, that are severely affecting multiple Asian
countries as a result of exposure to high concentrations of air pollution in the
wake of rapid industrialization. The contributors to this book have direct research
H
experience in health problems caused by air pollution in the countries under dis-
cussion. The countries analyzed include China, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Malay- a
z
sia, and Korea.
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The book is divided in two sections. Each chapter of the first section focuses on r
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one country and summarizes multiple key aspects that contextualize public health
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issues within it, including
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• Geography

• Meteorology A
• Economics i
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• Demographics

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• Sources of air pollution
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• Epidemiological findings
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• Biological mechanisms l
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The first section also assesses the exposure and risk within each country. The sec- CO
a
ond section introduces new fields of air pollution research, the impact of vehicle n
2
emission regulations, the effects of coal energy generation, and climate change. t
s
Presented in a concise and methodical manner, this book provides an up-to-date
overview of the air pollution levels, health findings, and air quality policies of
Asian countries. It expands understanding about the effects of air pollution on
public health in Asia and lays a groundwork for future approaches to research
and policy.
Edited by
Image credit of Beijing citizen on bicycle:
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Hazardous
Air Pollutants
Case Studies from Asia

Hazardous
Air Pollutants
Case Studies from Asia
Edited by
Dong-Chun Shin
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Preface ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vii
Editor �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix
Contributors ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xi
SECTION I Air Pollution and Health:
Six Asian Case Studies
Chapter 1 Air Pollution and Its Health Effects in China ���������������������������������������3
Shaowei Wu and Xinbiao Guo
Chapter 2 Air Pollution and Health in Taiwan ����������������������������������������������������47
Chang-Chuan Chan, Chia-Pin Chio, and Szu-Ying Chen
Chapter 3 Air Pollution and Health in Japan �������������������������������������������������������65
Toru Takebayashi
Chapter 4 Air Pollution in Indonesia: Estimates and Surveys �����������������������������77
Umar-Fahmi Achmadi and Rachmadhi Purwana
Chapter 5 Air Pollution and Health in Malaysia �������������������������������������������������97
Mazrura Sahani, Md Firoz Khan, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin,
Mohd Talib Latif, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Mohd Famey Yussoff,
Amir Afiq Abdullah, Er Ah Choy, Norhayati Mohd Tahir
Chapter 6 Air Pollution and Health in the Republic of Korea ���������������������������115
Dong-Chun Shin
SECTION II Beyond What We Have Known
Chapter 7 Air Pollution and Mental Health �������������������������������������������������������137
Changsoo Kim and Jaelim Cho
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 The Impact of China’s Vehicle Emission Regulations on
Regional Air Quality and Welfare in 2020 ����������������������������������������151
Eri Saikawa and Noelle E. Selin
Chapter 9 Health Effects of Coal Energy Generation ���������������������������������������169
Susan Buchanan, Erica Burt, and Peter Orris
Index ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������179
Preface
Most Asian countries took their first steps later than did Western countries in terms of
industrialization, but they are experiencing advancements much faster� Accordingly,
the numbers of power plants and vehicles dramatically increased without a suffi-
cient consideration for shadows of industrialized society� During the early period of
industrialization in the Republic of Korea, the only thing we focused on was water
quality because it was easy to determine how muddy water was� However, after our
economic development, we started to recognize how cloudy our skies were, and
simultaneously, or maybe earlier, a substantial number of people began to die of the
effects of air pollution� At that time, almost all people were not aware that the air, an
essential element of our lives, could contain hazardous particles and cause diseases
and even deaths�
According to the World Health Organization, approximately 7 million people
worldwide die each year because of exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution�
Rapid urbanization, tremendous population growth, growth, and economic develop-
ment seem to have worsened air quality especially in the largest Asian cities, such
as Beijing and New Delhi, which is worth paying attention to in order to improve
public health in Asia� In addition to, the patterns of morbidity and mortality in low-
income Asian countries suggest these are in a transition period because of increas-
ing life expectancy as well as greater prevalence of risk factors such as smoking,
drinking, and sedentary lifestyles� More specifically, the number of patients with
chronic illnesses, such as cardiopulmonary diseases, who are susceptible to air pol-
lution has been rapidly increased for decades�
This book concentrates on linking air pollution to health in Asia and includes six
case studies: China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Republic of Korea�
Prestigious researchers were invited to contribute to this important work, encompass-
ing the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, reproductive system, and mortal-
ity linked to air pollution in Asia� In this book, Section I summarizes demographics,
sources of air pollution, epidemiological findings, biological mechanisms, exposure
assessment, and risk assessment for each country� Section II introduces new fields of
air pollution research such as air pollution effects on the brain, the impact of vehicle
emission regulations, and climate change� I thank all the contributors for their time
and efforts to complete these chapters�
Through this book, we aim to offer an opportunity for future researchers to share
research experiences on air pollution and health� For readers, this book provides
a glance at up-to-date air pollution levels, health findings, and air quality policies
of Asian countries� On behalf of all the contributors, I hope this book will extend
the readers’ understanding about air pollution effects on public health in Asia and
inspire future researchers�
Dong-Chun Shin
vii