Hayek: A Life, 1899–1950 PDF
Preview Hayek: A Life, 1899–1950
Hayek Hayek A Life, 1899– 1950 Bruce Caldwell & Hansjoerg Klausinger The UniversiTy of ChiCAgo Press ChiCAgo And London The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2022 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations in critical articles and reviews. For more information, contact the University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637. Published 2022 Printed in the United States of America 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 1 2 3 4 5 isBn- 13: 978- 0- 226- 81682- 1 (cloth) isBn- 13: 978- 0- 226- 81683- 8 (e- book) doi: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226816838.001.0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Caldwell, Bruce, 1952– author. | Klausinger, Hansjörg, author. Title: Hayek : a life, 1899–1950 / Bruce Caldwell and Hansjoerg Klausinger. Description: Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCn 2022009835 | isBn 9780226816821 (cloth) | isBn 9780226816838 (ebook) Subjects: LCsh: Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August), 1899– 1992. | Economists—Biography. | Sociologists—Biography. Classification: LCC hB101.h39 C37 2022 | ddC 330.092 [B]—dc23/ eng/20220304 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022009835 ♾ This paper meets the requirements of Ansi/niso Z39.48- 1992 (Permanence of Paper). To our families, with gratitude Contents Introduction · 1 PArT i A viennese yoUTh · 17 1 · A Fin- de- Siècle Wedding · 21 2 · Family Life · 30 3 · At School · 45 4 · Austrian Politics and Anti- Semitism · 57 5 · At War · 69 PArT ii A BroAdening of horiZons · 85 6 · Back at Home in Postwar Austria · 89 7 · The University of Vienna · 103 8 · The Peripatetic Student: Fritz at University · 117 9 · Mises and the Geistkreis · 140 10 · Changes of Scene · 156 11 · The Trip to America · 167 PArT iii The MAking of An eConoMisT · 193 12 · Return to Vienna · 197 13 · Hella Joins the Family · 216 14 · At the Institute for Business Cycle Research · 226 15 · The Young Academic · 241 PArT iv hAyek in 1930s engLAnd · 269 16 · Hayek Comes to LSE · 273 17 · The Encounter with Keynes · 291 18 · Defending Economic Theory and Interpreting Hitler · 307 19 · Socialism and Knowledge · 318 20 · Academic Life at LSE · 334 21 · The Battle for Young LSE Minds · 364 22 · Hayek and Austria · 382 23 · Domestic Affairs · 399 24 · The Hayek Family Debates Politics · 414 PArT v fighTing The sPiriT of The Age · 433 25 · Liberalism: Its Adversaries and Allies · 437 26 · Hayek and London Go to War: The Abuse and Decline of Reason · 464 27 · Cambridge · 493 28 · A Sixpence Penguin Volume: The Road to The Road to Serfdom · 516 29 · Scientism and Popper · 542 30 · The Publication(s) of The Road to Serfdom · 563 PArT vi ChAnging WorLds · 585 31 · War’s End · 591 32 · Postwar Austria · 615 33 · Mont Pèlerin 1947 · 642 34 · Hayek Looks for a Job · 675 35 · 1949— Hayek’s Annus Horribilis · 696 36 · Hayek versus Hayek · 710 ACknoWLedgMenTs · 731 referenCes · 735 index · 807 Illustrations follow page 268. Introduction Some Background: The Biography and the Collected Works In the last decade of his life the Austrian- born British economist and so- cial theorist Friedrich August Hayek accepted an invitation to participate in two interrelated projects, a full biography and a book series that would collect all of his major writings, some lesser- known pieces, and some un- published materials.1 The American philosopher W. W. (Bill) Bartley III was to serve as both Hayek’s biographer and the General Editor of the Col- lected Works of F. A. Hayek. Bartley had trained under Hayek’s friend Karl Popper (he was to be Popper’s biographer as well) and had written a biog- raphy of Hayek’s cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein, so he was well positioned to undertake the tasks. Bartley did several interviews of Hayek and of his friends in preparation for the biography and edited the first volume in the Collected Works, Hayek’s final book, The Fatal Conceit (Hayek 1988). Then fate intervened: Bartley fell ill, dying of cancer in February 1990 at the age of fifty- three. After Bartley’s death the biography languished, but the Collected Works continued under the editorship of Bartley’s friend and partner Stephen Kresge. Kresge commissioned several scholars to take responsibility for individual volumes, and under his editorship four were published. Bruce Caldwell, an American historian of economic thought, edited two of them, and in 2002 was invited by Kresge to take over the project as the third Gen- eral Editor. Caldwell was pleased to receive and to accept the offer, not quite realizing all that it entailed. A mere twenty years later (in 2022), the final volume of the planned nineteen was published.2 From start to finish the Col- lected Works took three General Editors and thirty- four years to conclude. 1. A fuller account of how the two projects came about will be provided in the second volume of the biography. 2. Another volume is underway, one that will reproduce the Hayek- Popper corre- spondence, but it and any others that may appear were not part of the original plan.
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