Harrison's hematology and oncology

848 Pages·2013·19.278 MB·English

by  Longo D., et al

2nd Edition
’ TM
HARRISON S
HEMATOLOGY
And OncOLOGY
Derived from Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition
Editors
Dan L. Longo, anthony s. Fauci,
md md
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical Chief, Laboratory of Immunoregulation;
School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
Deputy Editor, New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Massachusetts
DEnnis L. KaspEr, stEphEn L. hausEr,
md md
William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine, Robert A. Fishman Distinguished Professor and Chairman,
Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Neurology, University of California,
Harvard Medical School; Director, Channing Laboratory, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
J. Larry JamEson, , JosEph LoscaLzo, ,
md phd md phd
Robert G. Dunlop Professor of Medicine; Dean, Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Medicine;
Executive Vice-President of the University of Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Pennsylvania for the Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Boston, Massachusetts
2nd Edition
’
TM
HARRISON S
HEMATOLOGY
And OncOLOGY
Dan L. Longo, mD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital; Deputy Editor, New England Journal of Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
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Contents
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 11 Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplasia,
and Related Bone Marrow
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Failure Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Neal S. Young
Section i
12 Transfusion Biology and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . .142
tHe Cellular Basis of
Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski, Kenneth C. Anderson
HeMatopoiesis
1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Section iV
David T. Scadden, Dan L. Longo Myeloproliferative DisorDers
13 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative
Section ii Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
CarDinal Manifestations of Jerry L. Spivak
HeMatologiC Disease
Section V
2 Anemia and Polycythemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
HeMatologiC MalignanCies
John W. Adamson, Dan L. Longo
3 Bleeding and Thrombosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 14 Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia . . . . . . .164
Barbara Konkle Meir Wetzler, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
4 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen . . . . .32 15 Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Patrick H. Henry, Dan L. Longo Dan L. Longo
5 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes . . . . .41 16 Less Common Hematologic Malignancies . . . . .205
Steven M. Holland, John I. Gallin Dan L. Longo
6 Atlas of Hematology and Analysis of Peripheral 17 Plasma Cell Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Blood Smears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Nikhil C. Munshi, Dan L. Longo, Kenneth C. Anderson
Dan L. Longo
18 Amyloidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
David C. Seldin, Martha Skinner
Section iii
aneMias
Section Vi
DisorDers of HeMostasis
7 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative
Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
19 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall . . . . . . . .236
John W. Adamson
Barbara Konkle
8 Disorders of Hemoglobin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
20 Coagulation Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
Edward J. Benz, Jr.
Valder R. Arruda, Katherine A. High
9 Megaloblastic Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
21 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis . . . . . . . . . . .260
A. Victor Hoffbrand
Jane E. Freeman, Joseph Loscalzo
10 Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia
22 Pulmonary Thromboembolism . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
Due to Acute Blood Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Lucio Luzzatto
v
vi Contents
23 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic 38 Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501
Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Robert J. Mayer
Jeffrey I. Weitz
39 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree . . . . . . . .518
Brian I. Carr
Section Vii
Biology of CanCer
40 Pancreatic Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530
Irene Chong, David Cunningham
24 Cancer Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
Pat J. Morin, Jeffrey M. Trent, Francis S. Collins, 41 Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas . . . . . . . . .536
Bert Vogelstein Howard I. Scher, Robert J. Motzer
25 Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis . . . . . . .312 42 Benign and Malignant Diseases
Dan L. Longo of the Prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544
Howard I. Scher
Section Viii
43 Testicular Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .558
prinCiples of CanCer prevention
Robert J. Motzer, George J. Bosl
anD treatMent
44 Gynecologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565
26 Approach to the Patient with Cancer . . . . . . . .334
Michael V. Seiden
Dan L. Longo
45 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas
27 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer . . . .346
and Bone Metastases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574
Jennifer M. Croswell, Otis W. Brawley,
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, Robert S. Benjamin
Barnett S. Kramer
46 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the
28 Principles of Cancer Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . .358
Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581
Edward A. Sausville, Dan L. Longo
Lisa M. DeAngelis, Patrick Y. Wen
29 Infections in Patients with Cancer . . . . . . . . . .389
47 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary . . . . . . . . . . .597
Robert Finberg
Gauri R. Varadhachary, James L. Abbruzzese
30 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . . .404
Frederick R. Appelbaum
Section X
31 Neoplasia During Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 enDoCrine neoplasia
Dan L. Longo
48 Thyroid Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604
32 Palliative and End-of-Life Care . . . . . . . . . . . .419 J. Larry Jameson, Anthony P. Weetman
Ezekiel J. Emanuel
49 Endocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal
Tract and Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612
Section iX Robert T. Jensen
neoplastiC DisorDers
50 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . .634
33 Cancer of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Camilo Jimenez Vasquez, Robert F. Gagel
Walter J. Urba, Carl V. Washington,
51 Pheochromocytoma and Adrenocortical
Hari Nadiminti
Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643
34 Head and Neck Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 Hartmut P.H. Neumann, Wiebke Arlt,
Everett E. Vokes Dan L. Longo
35 Neoplasms of the Lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462
Leora Horn, William Pao, David H. Johnson Section Xi
reMote effeCts of CanCer
36 Thymoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485
Dan L. Longo 52 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic and
Hematologic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656
37 Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488
J. Larry Jameson, Dan L. Longo
Marc E. Lippman
Contents vii
53 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. . . . . . . .665 Appendix
Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld Laboratory Values of Clinical Importance . . . . .699
Alexander Kratz, Michael A. Pesce, Robert C. Basner,
Andrew J. Einstein
Section Xii
onCologiC eMergenCies anD late Review and Self-Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725
Charles Wiener,Cynthia D. Brown,
effeCts CoMpliCations
Anna R. Hemnes
54 Oncologic Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .674
Rasim Gucalp, Janice Dutcher
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .791
55 Late Consequences of Cancer
and Its Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690
Carl E. Freter, Dan L. Longo
This page intentionally left blank
ContriButors
Numbers in brackets refer to the chapter(s) written or co-written by the contributor.
James L. Abbruzzese, MD Cynthia D. Brown, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of GI Medical Oncology; M.G. and Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and
Lillie Johnson Chair for Cancer Treatment and Research, University Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas [47] Virginia [Review and Self-Assessment]
John W. Adamson, MD Brian I. Carr, MD, PhD, FRCP
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Professor of Oncology and Hepatology, IRCCS De Bellis Medical
University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California [2, 7] Research Institute, Castellana Grotte, Italy [39]
Kenneth C. Anderson, MD Irene Chong, MRCP, FRCR
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Clinical Research Fellow, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust,
Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer London and Sutton, United Kingdom [40]
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts [12, 17]
Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD
Frederick R. Appelbaum, MD Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [24]
Director, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Jennifer M. Croswell, MD, MPH
Research Center, Seattle, Washington [30]
Acting Director, Office of Medical Applications of Research,
Wiebke Arlt, MD, DSc, FRCP, FMedSci National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [27]
Professor of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and
David Cunningham, MD, FRCP
Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,
Professor of Cancer Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation
University of Birmingham; Consultant Endocrinologist, University
Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom [40]
Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom [51]
Josep Dalmau, MD, PhD
Valder R. Arruda, MD, PhD
ICREA Research Professor, Institute for Biomedical Investiga-
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School
tions, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)/Hospital Clinic, Department
of Medicine; Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of
of Neurology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Adjunct
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [20]
Professor of Neurology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Robert C. Basner, MD Pennsylvania [53]
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and
Lisa M. DeAngelis, MD
Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians
Professor of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Chair,
and Surgeons, New York, New York [Appendix]
Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Robert S. Benjamin, MD Center, New York, New York [46]
P.H. and Fay E. Robinson Distinguished Professor and Chair,
Janice Dutcher, MD
Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas
Department of Oncology, New York Medical College, Montefiore,
MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas [45]
Bronx, New York [54]
Edward J. Benz, Jr., MD
Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski, MD
Richard and Susan Smith Professor of Medicine, Professor of
Physician, St. Alphonsus Regional Medical Center; Medical
Pediatrics, Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; President
Director, Coagulation Clinic, Saint Alphonsus Medical Group,
and CEO, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Director, Dana-Farber/
International Medicine and Travel Medicine, Boise, Idaho [12]
Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC), Boston, Massachusetts [8]
Andrew J. Einstein, MD, PhD
Clara D. Bloomfield, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University
Distinguished University Professor; William G. Pace, III Professor
College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Medicine,
of Cancer Research; Cancer Scholar and Senior Advisor, The Ohio
Division of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Columbia
State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Arthur G. James
University Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital,
Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute,
New York, New York [Appendix]
Columbus, Ohio [14]
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
George J. Bosl, MD
Vice Provost for Global Initiatives and Chair, Department of
Professor of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Chair,
Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania,
Department of Medicine; Patrick M. Byrne Chair in Clinical
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [32]
Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York,
New York [43] Robert Finberg, MD
Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts
Otis W. Brawley, MD
Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts [29]
Chief Medical Officer, American Cancer Society Professor of
Hematology, Oncology, Medicine, and Epidemiology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia [27]
ix