HAROLD The Last Anglo-Saxon King To My Mother and Father HAROLD The Last Anglo-Saxon King I W. W AN ALKER First published in 1997 This edition published in 2010 The History Press The Mill, Brimscombe Port Stroud, Gloucestershire, GL5 2QG www.thehistorypress.co.uk This ebook edition first published in 2011 All rights reserved © Ian W. Walker, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2010 The right of Ian W. Walker, to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly. EPUB ISBN 978 0 7524 6826 6 MOBI ISBN 978 0 7524 6827 3 Original typesetting by The History Press CONTENTS Acknowledgements Family Trees General Maps Introduction 1 Family Origins 2 Harold, Son of Godwine 3 Exile and Return 4 The Lands and Wealth of Harold 5 Earl of Wessex 6 William of Normandy 7 Earl Tosti 8 Harold the Man 9 King Harold 10 Harald of Norway 11 The Last Campaign 12 End of a Dynasty Conclusion Appendix One Appendix Two Abbreviations Notes Bibliography ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank a number of people for their assistance during the writing of this book. I would like in particular to thank Sheila. She inspired and encouraged me to write this book in the first place. I would like to pay tribute to my tutors at the University of Glasgow, who fostered my interest in history and provided me with the investigative skills necessary to study the subject. I would like to express my appreciation to Denis Butler, whose admittedly somewhat romantic account of Harold Godwineson in 1066 The Story of a Year (London, 1966) nevertheless first attracted my attention to this fascinating character, and provided a starting point for many years of interesting research thereafter. I would like to express my gratitude to the staffs at Glasgow University Library, Edinburgh University Library, the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, the Library of the University of Wales, Cardiff, and East Kilbride Public Library, who provided access to many of the sources consulted, and to the staffs of all those various organizations which supplied illustrations and provided the necessary permissions to reproduce them herein. I would like to express my warm appreciation to Jane and Clare and the rest of the staff at Sutton Publishing, who succeeded in making the process of publication almost entirely painless. I would also like to thank Dr Bill Aird of the University of Wales, Cardiff, who read this work at an earlier stage and offered encouraging advice and helpful suggestions. This improved the final text immensely and saved me from a number of errors and omissions. I must accept full blame for any mistakes which remain in the finished book. Finally, I would like to thank my father and mother, without whose assistance on the word processor and in type-checking this book could not have been completed. The Godwine Family King Harold and his Descendants
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