Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People PDF
Preview Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People
EcoProduction Environmental Issues in Logistics and Manufacturing Anna Brdulak Halina Brdulak E ditors Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People EcoProduction Environmental Issues in Logistics and Manufacturing Series editor Paulina Golinska, Poznan, Poland About the Series TheEcoProductionSeriesisaforumforpresentingemergingenvironmentalissues in Logistics and Manufacturing. Its main objective is a multidisciplinary approach tolinkthescientificactivitiesinvariousmanufacturingandlogisticsfieldswiththe sustainabilityresearch.Itencompassestopicalmonographsandselectedconference proceedings, authored or edited by leading experts as well as by promising young scientists.TheSeriesaimstoprovidetheimpulsefornewideasbyreportingonthe state-of-the-art and motivating for the future development of sustainable manufac- turing systems, environmentally conscious operations management and reverse or closed loop logistics. It aims to bring together academic, industry and government personnel from various countries to present and discuss the challenges for implementation of sustainable policy in the field of production and logistics. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10152 Anna Brdulak Halina Brdulak (cid:129) Editors Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People 123 Editors Anna Brdulak HalinaBrdulak Institute of Logistics Institute of International Management WSB University inWrocław andMarketing Wrocław Warsaw Schoolof Economics Poland Warsaw Poland ISSN 2193-4614 ISSN 2193-4622 (electronic) EcoProduction ISBN978-3-319-49898-0 ISBN978-3-319-49899-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49899-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016959754 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The present collection of articles seeks to highlight the diversity of viewpoints on what exactly influences thequality oflife for city dwellers. As these editors firmly believe, diversity fosters creativity and we therefore took it as the key criterion in selecting contributions to this publication. Among the authors are academics, experienced and at the beginning of their career, coming from schools of eco- nomics, universities and institutes of technology, but also practitioners—men and women of various age, different backgrounds, from Poland and abroad, including politicians and decision-makers at the central and local level. This gives us a wide range of opinions which—in an attempt to grasp the quintessence of a “happy city”—are presented here along with examples of those already treading this path and with findings of research taken to identify the key ingredients of what people call the “quality of life”. The city can be seen as a system of interacting elements (subsystems), which means that no such component should be analysed separately, but only in con- junctionwiththeotherones.Theelementslistedmostfrequentlyinclude:transport, sewerage, power supply, heat generation, parks and green spaces, and street lighting/traffic signalisation. In an ideal contemporary city [1] the focus is on all aspects of sustainable development—economic, environmental and societal. As pointed out in the Global Compact report [2], happy cities take care of adequate living conditions for all residents, accepting their diversity and multiple require- ments.Blueprintsforsuchcitiesarebeingdevelopedbypeopleofawholerangeof professions and occupations—to name economists, sociologists, engineers, archi- tects and anthropologists—but if they are to deliver, this must surely be a collab- orative effort. Aone-size-fits-allapproachwouldnotworkhere.Researchfindingsdemonstrate [3]thatindifferentcountriesthehappinessindexisimpactedbydifferentfactors— andpercapitaGDPisbynomeanstheweightiestofthem.Theseeditorssubscribe totheopinionthatakeypredictorofpeople’ssatisfactionwithlifeissocialcapital, based on relationships. According to the U.S. economist John Helliwell [4], the utmost psychological effect of urban living is reflected in its impact on people-to-people relations [5]. Social capital represents primarily an ability to v vi Preface maintain and keeprelations with people,those close to usand outsiders alike. It is correlated with trust which people have in government, businesses and in other people.Andtrustisconducivetocivicattitudes,whereresidentsseektoproactively contribute to their environment and local authorities seek to engage citizens with the decision-making process. To these editors the notion of social capital brings to mind the image of a Japanesezengarden,whereitisthespacebetweenrocksthatcounts,nottherocks themselves. With happy cities things are similar, and space again is of paramount importance—in the broad sense of the notion, involving relationships between buildingsandparks,betweenpeopleandbuildings,betweenparksandpeople,and also the relationships between residents. With different groups having their quality of life influenced by different factors—fromwhichitwouldnotbepossibletoextractasinglesetsuitingall—itis crucialthatthe“goldenmean”besoughtandbridgesbuiltbetweenthesegroups,to bringhomehowimportantitistounderstandtheneedsoftheothergroups,notjust one’s own. Listening to the concerns of others is a first step towards raising social capital, and hence the significance of communicating—and respecting—these concerns. Next comes providing the space in which different groups will exchange opinions while showing themselves mutual respect. In successive stages, it is important to developacultureofdiscussionthatenablesconstructiveconclusionsanddrawsall stakeholders into the implementation of agreed projects. Obviously, a city’s pro- gress to happiness is also impacted by finances. The pace of change tends to accelerate when European Union funds are available (as far as EU member states are concerned), an appropriate budget level is assured, and systems to finance city investmentsaretransparent.Butmanyelementsimprovingthequalityoflifearenot directly linked to the availability offunds. Happycities are usually governed along democratic lines,involving free access tourbanspaceandequal(non-discriminatory)treatmentofresidents,whatevertheir differences. But as is quite frequently the case, the city space—full with pathways leading to it—happens to be controlled by varied vested interests. Meanwhile, access to this space and pathways is shown by research to exert considerable influence on the quality of life for inhabitants. Another question that must be asked when discussing happy cities is about creativity. Is residents’ happiness linked to creativity? Smart city analyses usually highlight the opportunities provided by technology—from the Internet of Things (or, more broadly, the Internet of Everything) to Big Data to creative industries. AccordingtoFlorida[5],thekeydrivingforceintheknowledge-basedeconomyis preciselythecreativecapital,orcapabilitytoproducenewideas,processes,designs and culture creations, and turn them into valuable products and services. While physical capital is easy to measure, the creativity metrics are fairly complicated. Broadly speaking, creativity comprises three parts—talent, technology and toler- ance—which, combined with social capital, add up to the concept of a smart, or happy,city.Talentmeansconcentrationofpeoplewithgreatcompetencesandhigh creativepotential;technologyisconcentrationofR&Dinfrastructure;andtolerance Preface vii represents an open attitude to change and new ideas. Thus the winners are those cities which can attract the best educated, most innovative, and most enterprising people. Driven by creative energy, those individuals form the “creative class” that spearheadsthecontemporaryknowledge-basedeconomy.Theyincludeacademics, designers, artists, engineers, programmers, film producers, publishers, script writ- ers, movie directors and financial analysts, weaving a development-friendly fabric andthusaddingacompetitiveedgetotheircities.Creativeintellectualfermentisan indispensableingredientofdevelopment,anditisbeststirredupbythisveryclass. The concept discussed in this collection defines the directions of urban devel- opment. It no longer suffices to provide physical infrastructure in order to make residentsfeeltheyexperienceagoodqualityoflife.Thismustgohandinhandwith an expansion of educational services, a richer leisure-time offer, an infrastructure for sports and games, etc. Thispublicationisanattempttoputthespotlightondiverseideasthatinformthe notion of a happy city. Wrocław, Poland Anna Brdulak Warsaw, Poland Halina Brdulak References 1. Graham W (2016) Dream cities. Seven urban ideas that shape the world. Harper Collins Publishers 2. BrdulakH(2016) Zrównoważonemiasta. Mapa drogowado2030 r.BrdulakA(2016) Rola samorządówwzrównoważonymrozwojumiast.In:ZrównoważoneMiasta.Życiewzdrowej atmosferze.UnitedNationsGlobalCompact 3. HappyCityIndex(2015)WorldBank 4. HelliwellJ(2006)Well-being,socialcapitalandpublicpolicy:what’snew?EconJ34–35 5. FloridaR(2014)Theriseofthecreativeclass-revisited:revisedandexpanded.BasicBooks Contents Part I Sustainable Urban Mobility Sustainable Mobility in Smart Metropolis.... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 Robert Tomanek Fair Access to City Space—Establishing Principles .... .... ..... .... 19 Jacek Szołtysek Enterprise Architecture-Based Model of Management for Smart Cities.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35 Andrzej Sobczak The Impact of Novel, Innovative Architectural Information Systems Using Balloon Technology on Public Understanding of Air Quality in Urban Areas, with Specific Regard to Transport-Related Decisions .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 49 Magdalena Filcek, Jerzy Zwoździak and Szymon Fierek Part II Building Social Capital—Citizen Focus Satisfaction Benchmark for Smart Cities .... .... .... .... ..... .... 71 Oliver Christ, Michael Czarniecki, Christian Kressig and Lukas Scherer Role of Public Government Units Within the Framework of the Smart City Concept... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 103 Anna Brdulak and Halina Brdulak Quality of Life and Gender Equality: Some Conclusions from a Public Opinion Poll in Poland... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 121 Ewa Lisowska The Analysis of Quality of Life—The Case of Warsaw. .... ..... .... 135 Edwin Bendyk, Jerzy Hausner and Michał Kudłacz ix x Contents Aiming to a Future University—The Case of the SGH Campus Redevelopment. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 151 Marek Bryx Part III Integrated Infrastructures and Processes Across Energy, ICT and Transport Integrated Infrastructures and Processes Across Energy, ICT and Transport. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 173 Dariusz Samól Lessons from a Large Scale Demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City.... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 193 Isam Shahrour, Oras Abbas, Amani Abdallah, Yves Abou Rjeily, Ahmad Afaneh, Amar Aljer, Baleigh Ayari, Elias Farrah, Danial Sakr and Fayez Al Masri Mobility Oriented Development (MOD): Public-Private Partnership in Urban Parking and Traffic Management with the Use of Autonomous Automobiles, Car-Sharing, Ridesharing Modes of Transport and Mobility as a Service (MaaS)... .... .... ..... .... 207 Piotr Marek Smolnicki Eco-Innovations in Sustainable Waste Management Strategies for Smart Cities.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 221 Agnieszka Rorat and Małgorzata Kacprzak Part IV Policy and Regulations Smart City Landscape Protection—EU Law Perspective.... ..... .... 241 Justyna Bazylińska-Nagler The Legal Aspects of Intelligent Cities .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 255 Anna Orzeł City Debugged. How to Reform Polish Cities so They Thrive Socially and Facilitate Sustainable Growth?.. .... .... .... ..... .... 275 Justyna Glusman and Agata Dąmbska Exploring Public Attitudes Towards Urban Access Regulation Schemes—Case of Maribor .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 303 Darja Topolšek and Tina Cvahte Ojsteršek
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