handheld computers for doctors MOHAMMAD AL-UBAYDLI National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA handheld computers for doctors handheld computers for doctors MOHAMMAD AL-UBAYDLI National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA FirstpublishedbyMohammadAl-Ubaydli2002undertheimprintIdiopathicPublishing Copyright 2003 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone(+44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval systemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency Ltd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwriting ofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissions Department,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex PO198SQ,England,[email protected],orfaxedto(+44)1243770620. Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardto thesubjectmattercovered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnot engagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpert assistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. CoverphotographcourtesyofTrueTip,LLC OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,33ParkRoad,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore 129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1 Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappears inprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData ISBN0470858990 TypesetbyDobbieTypesettingLtd,Tavistock,Devon PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyT.J.International,Padstow,Cornwall Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainable forestryinwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. ToButhaina,AhmadandOmar HandheldComputersforDoctors.ByMohammadAl-Ubaydli &2003JohnWiley&SonsLtd:ISBN0470858990 v acknowledgements In writing this book, I have rediscovered how lucky I am to have such friends and family. The book is only possible because of their help and support. My humblest thanks to: Rebecca, for so gracefully beating me at badminton. Amir, Patrick and Sanjay, for their loyal friendship. The good folks at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the West Norfolk Vocational Training Scheme for being a joy and an inspiration to work with. Angela and Karl, the coolest of Americans. And Laura, for always making me laugh. HandheldComputersforDoctors.ByMohammadAl-Ubaydli &2003JohnWiley&SonsLtd:ISBN0470858990 vii