Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications, Second Edition

1371 Pages·2014·37.442 MB·English

by  Kelly S. Hale, Kay M. Stanney

ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS Hale Second Edition
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HANDBOOK OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Second Edition
Stanney
Design, Implementation, and Applications
HANDBOOK OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Design, Implementation, and Applications
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“A key attraction of this text is the diversity of chapter offerings … A second aspect that is
very important is the discussion and interplay of the science of learning and applications of I
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virtual environments, as well as the underpinning of theory and research in each chapter. I
find this interplay to be very important … as a means of informing both science and practice
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along the way.”
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—Dr Winston “Wink” Bennett, Jr.
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US Air Force Research Laboratory, Warfighter Readiness Research Division
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“… a comprehensive view of each of the elements impacting the design, implementation, and L
total cost of virtual environments. The list of authors features an all-star cast of simulation N
practitioners … well organized and describes each of the antecedents of good design in a E
pragmatic way, making it easy for novices or experts to find selected topics to gain knowledge D
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from reading.”
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—Robert Sottilare, Ph.D.
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Simulationist & Adaptive Tutoring Scientist O
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“… a comprehensive guide to the latest technology and ideas in the resurgent field of VE. O
The editors have brought together a distinguished list of expert contributors and covered O
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a broad swath to provide a definitive guide of the current state of the art for students and
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experts alike.”
—Scott S. Grigsby, Ph.D. O
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Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp
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A Complete Toolbox of Theories and Techniques E
The second edition of a bestseller, Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, N
and Applications presents systematic and extensive coverage of the primary areas of research
and development within VE technology. It brings together a comprehensive set of contributed T
articles that address the principles required to define system requirements and design, S
build, evaluate, implement, and manage the effective use of VE applications. The contributors
provide critical insights and principles associated with their given areas of expertise to provide Edited by
extensive scope and detail on VE technology and its applications.
Kelly S. Hale
K14855
Second Edition
Kay M. Stanney
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017
an informa business
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www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m
K14855_cover.indd 1 7/22/14 10:55 AM
Second Edition
HANDBOOK OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Design, Implementation, and Applications
Human Factors and Ergonomics Series
PUBLISHED TITLES
Around the Patient Bed: Human Factors and Safety in Health Care
Y. Donchin and D. Gopher
Conceptual Foundations of Human Factors Measurement
D. Meister
Content Preparation Guidelines for the Web and Information Appliances:
Cross-Cultural Comparisons
H. Liao, Y. Guo, A. Savoy, and G. Salvendy
Cross-Cultural Design for IT Products and Services
P. Rau, T. Plocher and Y. Choong
Data Mining: Theories, Algorithms, and Examples
Nong Ye
Designing for Accessibility: A Business Guide to Countering Design Exclusion
S. Keates
Handbook of Cognitive Task Design
E. Hollnagel
The Handbook of Data Mining
N. Ye
Handbook of Digital Human Modeling: Research for Applied Ergonomics
and Human Factors Engineering
V. G. Duffy
Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety
Second Edition
P. Carayon
Handbook of Human Factors in Web Design, Second Edition
K. Vu and R. Proctor
Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health
D. Koradecka
Handbook of Standards and Guidelines in Ergonomics and Human Factors
W. Karwowski
Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation
and Applications, Second Edition,
K. S. Hale and K M. Stanney
Handbook of Warnings
M. Wogalter
Human–Computer Interaction: Designing for Diverse Users and Domains
A. Sears and J. A. Jacko
Human–Computer Interaction: Design Issues, Solutions, and Applications
A. Sears and J. A. Jacko
Human–Computer Interaction: Development Process
A. Sears and J. A. Jacko
Human–Computer Interaction: Fundamentals
A. Sears and J. A. Jacko
The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals
Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications, Third Edition
J. A. Jacko
PUBLISHED TITLES (CONTINUED)
Human Factors in System Design, Development, and Testing
D. Meister and T. Enderwick
Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers, Second Edition
M. R. Lehto
Macroergonomics: Theory, Methods and Applications
H. Hendrick and B. Kleiner
Practical Speech User Interface Design
James R. Lewis
The Science of Footwear
R. S. Goonetilleke
Skill Training in Multimodal Virtual Environments
M. Bergamsco, B. Bardy, and D. Gopher
Smart Clothing: Technology and Applications
Gilsoo Cho
Theories and Practice in Interaction Design
S. Bagnara and G. Crampton-Smith
The Universal Access Handbook
C. Stephanidis
Usability and Internationalization of Information Technology
N. Aykin
User Interfaces for All: Concepts, Methods, and Tools
C. Stephanidis
FORTHCOMING TITLES
Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Systems Work and Everyday Life
C. Forsythe and H. Liao
Computer-Aided Anthropometry for Research and Design
K. M. Robinette
Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems
S. Landry
Variability in Human Performance
T. Smith, R. Henning, and M. Wade
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Second Edition
HANDBOOK OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Design, Implementation, and Applications
Edited by
Kelly S. Hale
Kay M. Stanney
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
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© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20140619
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Contents
Perspective by Jaron Lanier ...........................................................................................................xiii
Preface.............................................................................................................................................xix
Editors .............................................................................................................................................xxi
Contributors .................................................................................................................................xxiii
Section i introduction
Chapter 1 Virtual Environments in the Twenty-First Century .....................................................3
Kay M. Stanney, Kelly S. Hale, and Michael Zyda
Chapter 2 Virtual Environments Standards and Terminology ...................................................23
Richard A. Blade and Mary Lou Padgett
Section ii System Requirements: Hardware
Chapter 3 Vision and Virtual Environments ..............................................................................39
David R. Badcock, Stephen Palmisano, and James G. May
Chapter 4 Virtual Auditory Displays ..........................................................................................87
Michael Vorländer and Barbara Shinn-Cunningham
Chapter 5 Dynamic Haptic Interaction with Video ..................................................................115
Nuray Dindar, A. Murat Tekalp, and Cagatay Basdogan
Chapter 6 Olfactory Interfaces ..................................................................................................131
David L. Jones, Sara Dechmerowski, Razia Oden, Valerie Lugo,
Jingjing Wang-Costello, and William Pike
Chapter 7 Perception of Body Motion ......................................................................................163
Ben D. Lawson and Bernhard E. Riecke
Chapter 8 Eye Tracking in Virtual Environments ....................................................................197
Xuezhong Wang and Brent Winslow
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 9 Gesture Recognition .................................................................................................211
Matthew Turk
Chapter 10 Avatar Control in Virtual Environments ..................................................................233
James Templeman, Robert Page, and Patricia Denbrook
Section iii System Requirements: Software
Chapter 11 Virtual Environment Models ...................................................................................259
G. Drew Kessler
Chapter 12 Principles for Designing Effective 3D Interaction Techniques ................................285
Ryan P. McMahan, Regis Kopper, and Doug A. Bowman
Chapter 13 Technological Considerations in the Design of Multisensory Virtual
Environments: How Real Does It Need to Be? ........................................................313
Brian D. Simpson, Jeffrey L. Cowgill, Jr., Robert H. Gilkey,
and Janet M. Weisenberger
Chapter 14 Embodied Autonomous Agents ................................................................................335
Andrew Feng, Ari Shapiro, Margaux Lhommet, and Stacy Marsella
Section iV D esign Approaches and
implementation Strategies
Chapter 15 Structured Development of Virtual Environments ..................................................353
Richard M. Eastgate, John R. Wilson, and Mirabelle D’Cruz
Chapter 16 Cognitive Aspects of Virtual Environment Design .................................................391
Allen Munro, Jim Patrey, Elizabeth Sheldon Biddle, and Meredith Carroll
Chapter 17 Multimodal Interaction Modeling ............................................................................411
George V. Popescu, Helmuth Trefftz, and Grigore (Greg) Burdea
Chapter 18 Illusory Self-Motion in Virtual Environments .........................................................435
Lawrence J. Hettinger, Tarah N. Schmidt-Daly,
David L. Jones, and Behrang Keshavarz
Chapter 19 Spatial Orientation, Wayfinding, and Representation ..............................................467
Rudolph P. Darken and Barry Peterson
Contents ix
Chapter 20 Technology Management and User Acceptance of Virtual
Environment Technology .........................................................................................493
David Gross
Chapter 21 Virtual Environments and Product Liability ...........................................................505
Robert S. Kennedy, Robert C. Kennedy, Kristyne E. Kennedy,
Christine Wasula, and Kathleen M. Bartlett
Section V Health and Safety issues
Chapter 22 Direct Effects of Virtual Environments on Users ....................................................521
Erik Viirre, B.J. Price, and Bradley Chase
Chapter 23 Motion Sickness Symptomatology and Origins .......................................................531
Ben D. Lawson
Chapter 24 Motion Sickness Scaling ..........................................................................................601
Ben D. Lawson
Chapter 25 Adapting to Virtual Environments ...........................................................................627
Robert B. Welch and Betty J. Mohler
Chapter 26 Visually Induced Motion Sickness: Causes, Characteristics,
and Countermeasures ...............................................................................................647
Behrang Keshavarz, Heiko Hecht, and Ben D. Lawson
Chapter 27 Social Impact of Virtual Environments ...................................................................699
Sandra L. Calvert
Section Vi evaluation
Chapter 28 Usability Engineering of Virtual Environments ......................................................721
Joseph L. Gabbard
Chapter 29 Human Performance Measurement in Virtual Environments .................................749
James P. Bliss, Alexandra B. Proaps, and Eric T. Chancey
Chapter 30 Conducting Training Transfer Studies in Virtual Environments .............................781
Roberto K. Champney, Meredith Carroll, Glen Surpris, and Joseph V. Cohn