Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders: Guidelines of the American Venous Forum PDF
Preview Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders: Guidelines of the American Venous Forum
HANDBOOK OF VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS HANDBOOK OF VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS FOURTH EDITION Guidelines of the American Venous Forum Edited by Peter Gloviczki MD FACS Joe M. and Ruth Roberts Professor of Surgery, Consultant and Chair, Emeritus, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Director, Emeritus, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Associate Editors Michael C. Dalsing MD FACS E. Dale and Susan E. Habegger Professor of Surgery and Chair, Division of Vascular Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Bo Eklöf MD PhD Clinical Professor, Emeritus, of Surgery, University of Hawaii, USA, and University of Lund, Helsingborg, Sweden Fedor Lurie MD PhD Adjunct Research Professor University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and Associate Director, Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio, USA Thomas W. Wakefield MD FACS Stanley Professor of Vascular Surgery and Head, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Assistant Editor Monika L. Gloviczki MD PhD Research Fellow, Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20161004 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-2440-1 (Pack - Book and Ebook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com This book is dedicated to John J. Bergan, MD FACS, FACPh, FRCS Hon. (Eng.) 1927–2014 Founding Father and First President of the American Venous Forum, Past President of the Society for Vascular Surgery, President-Elect of the American College of Phlebology, An inspiring mentor, innovating scholar, captivating speaker, and prolific author and editor, for his visionary leadership and for serving as an international ambassador of venous and lymphatic disorders. Contents Foreword xi Preface xiii Contributors xv Evidence-based guidelines xxi Abbreviations xxv PArt 1 BASIC CONSIDErAtIONS OF VENOUS DISOrDErS 1 1 Venous and lymphatic disease: A historical review 3 Christine M. Dubberke and Ruth L. Bush 2 Development and anatomy of the venous system 15 Peter Gloviczki 3 The physiology and hemodynamics of the normal venous circulation 27 Frank T. Padberg Jr. 4 Classification and etiology of chronic venous disease 39 Robert L. Kistner and Bo Eklöf 5 The pathophysiology and hemodynamics of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limb 51 John Blebea 6 Pathogenesis of varicose veins and cellular pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency 61 Deoranie N. Abdel-Naby, Walter N. Duran, Brajesh K. Lal, Frank T. Padberg Jr., and Peter J. Pappas 7 Venous ulcer formation and healing at cellular levels 73 Joseph D. Raffetto 8 Acute and chronic venous thrombosis: Pathogenesis and new insights 91 Jose A. Diaz, Thomas W. Wakefield, and Peter K. Henke 9 Epidemiology and risk factors of acute venous thrombosis 107 Mark H. Meissner 10 Epidemiology of chronic venous disorders 121 Eberhard Rabe and Felizitas Pannier PArt 2 DIAGNOStIC EVALUAtIONS AND VENOUS IMAGING StUDIES 129 11 Evaluation of hypercoagulable states and molecular markers of acute venous thrombosis 131 Diane M. Nitzki-George and Joseph A. Caprini 12 Duplex ultrasound scanning for acute venous disease 141 Timothy K. Liem 13 Duplex ultrasound scanning for chronic venous obstruction and valvular incompetence 151 Rafael D. Malgor and Nicos Labropoulos 14 Evaluation of venous function by indirect noninvasive testing (plethysmography) 165 Fedor Lurie and Thom W. Rooke 15 Direct contrast venography 169 Haraldur Bjarnason vii viii Contents 16 Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in venous disease 177 Terri J. Vrtiska and James F. Glockner PArt 3 MANAGEMENt OF ACUtE tHrOMBOSIS 203 17 The clinical presentation and natural history of acute deep venous thrombosis 205 Mark H. Meissner 18 Diagnostic algorithms for acute deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 221 Joann Lohr 19 Medical treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 239 Andrea T. Obi and Thomas W. Wakefield 20 Catheter-directed thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and surgery for the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis 251 Arthur Delos Reyes and Anthony J. Comerota 21 Endovascular and surgical management of acute pulmonary embolism 265 Erin S. DeMartino and Randall R. DeMartino 22 Treatment algorithms for acute venous thromboembolism: Current guidelines 277 Andrea T. Obi and Thomas W. Wakefield 23 Current recommendations for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis 289 Robert D. McBane and John A. Heit 24 Axillo-subclavian venous thrombosis in the setting of thoracic outlet syndrome 309 Aurelia T. Calero and Karl A. Illig 25 Acute central venous thrombosis in the setting of central lines, pacemaker wires, and dialysis catheters 317 Syed Ali Rizvi, Anil Hingorani, and Enrico Ascher 26 Indications, techniques, and results of inferior vena cava filters 325 Scott T. Robinson, Venkataramu N. Krishnamurthy, and John E. Rectenwald 27 Superficial thrombophlebitis 343 Benjamin Jacobs and Dawn M. Coleman 28 Mesenteric vein thrombosis 349 Waldemar E. Wysokinski and Robert D. McBane PArt 4 MANAGEMENt OF CHrONIC VENOUS DISOrDErS 359 29 Clinical presentation and assessment of patients with venous disease 361 Sarah Onida, Tristan R. A. Lane, and Alun H. Davies 30 Diagnostic algorithm for telangiectasia, varicose veins, and venous ulcers: Current guidelines 371 Robert B. McLafferty 31 Compression therapy for venous ulceration 379 Louise Corle, Hugo Partsch, and Gregory L. Moneta 32 Drug treatment of varicose veins, venous edema, and ulcers 391 Philip D. Coleridge Smith 33 Liquid sclerotherapy for telangiectasia and varicose veins 399 Edward G. Mackay 34 Percutaneous laser therapy of telangiectasia and varicose veins 409 Thomas M. Proebstle 35 Foam sclerotherapy for ablation of the saphenous veins, varicose tributaries, and perforating veins 421 Huw Davies, Katy Darvall, and Andrew W. Bradbury 36 Techniques and results of the modern surgical treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein 429 Anjan Talukdar and Michael C. Dalsing 37 Radiofrequency treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein 443 Alan M. Dietzek and Stuart Blackwood 38 Laser treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein 455 Nick Morrison 39 Emerging endovenous technology for chronic venous disease: Mechanical occlusion chemically assisted ablation (MOCA), cyanoacrylate embolization (CAE), and V block-assisted sclerotherapy (VBAS) 465 Steve Elias Contents ix 40 Phlebectomy 475 Lowell S. Kabnick and Omar L. Esponda 41 Recurrent varicose veins: Etiology and management 485 Pamela S. Kim, Angela A. Kokkosis, and Antonios P. Gasparis 42 Treatment of varicose veins: Current guidelines 493 Jose I. Almeida 43 Surgical repair of primary deep vein valve incompetence 499 Ramesh K. Tripathi 44 Surgical treatment of post-thrombotic valvular incompetence 513 Oscar Maleti and Marzia Lugli 45 Endovascular reconstruction for primary iliac vein obstruction 523 Peter Neglén 46 Endovascular treatment of post-thrombotic iliofemoral venous obstruction 533 Erin H. Murphy and Seshadri Raju 47 Endovascular reconstruction of inferior vena cava obstructions 541 Young Erben and Haraldur Bjarnason 48 Open surgical reconstructions for non-malignant occlusion of large veins 553 Arjun Jayaraj, Peter Gloviczki, and Mark D. Fleming 49 The management of incompetent perforating veins with open and endoscopic surgery 563 Jeffrey M. Rhodes, Manju Kalra, and Peter Gloviczki 50 Radiofrequency and laser treatment of incompetent perforating veins 577 Michael Harlander-Locke and Peter F. Lawrence 51 Local treatment of venous ulcers 585 William A. Marston and Thomas F. O’Donnell Jr. 52 Guidelines for the treatment of chronic venous disease in patients with venous ulcers 597 Thomas F. O’Donnell Jr. and Marc A. Passman PArt 5 SPECIAL VENOUS PrOBLEMS 609 53 Surgical and endovenous treatment of superior vena cava syndrome 611 Manju Kalra, Haraldur Bjarnason, and Peter Gloviczki 54 Management of traumatic injuries of large veins 627 Micheal T. Ayad and David L. Gillespie 55 Primary and secondary tumors of the inferior vena cava and the iliac veins 635 Thomas C. Bower and Bernardo C. Mendes 56 Arteriovenous malformations: Evaluation and treatment 649 Byung-Boong Lee, James Laredo, Richard F. Neville, and Anton N. Sidawy 57 The management of venous malformations 663 Jovan N. Markovic and Cynthia K. Shortell 58 The management of venous aneurysms 675 Heron E. Rodriguez and William H. Pearce 59 Management of pelvic congestion syndrome and perineal varicosities 685 John V. White, Lewis B. Schwartz, and Connie Ryjewski 60 The management of nutcracker syndrome 697 Young Erben and Peter Gloviczki PArt 6 LYMPHEDEMA 705 61 Lymphedema: Pathophysiology, classification, and clinical evaluation 707 Thom W. Rooke and Cindy L. Felty 62 Lymphoscintigraphy, lymphangiography, magnetic resonance imaging 713 Patrick J. Peller, Jeremy L. Friese, Elizabeth A. Lindgren, Claire E. Bender, and Peter Gloviczki 63 Lymphedema: Physical and medical therapy 725 Steven M. Dean 64 Principles of the surgical treatment of chronic lymphedema 737 Yazan Al-Ajam, Anita T. Mohan, and Michel Saint-Cyr
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