Handbook of the Psychology of Aging PDF
Preview Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING EIGHTH EDITION THE HANDBOOKS OF AGING Consisting of Three Volumes Critical comprehensive reviews of research knowledge, theories, concepts, and issues Editors-in-Chief Laura L. Carstensen and Thomas A. Rando Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 8th Edition Edited by Matt Kaeberlein and George M. Martin Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 8th Edition Edited by K. Warner Schaie and Sherry L. Willis Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 8th Edition Edited by Linda K. George and Kenneth F. Ferraro HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING EIGHTH EDITION Edited by K. Warner Schaie and Sherry L. Willis Associate Editors Bob G. Knight, Becca Levy, and Denise C. Park AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Seventh edition 2011 Eighth edition 2016 Copyright © 2016, 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-12-411469-2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/ Publisher: Nikki Levy Acquisition Editor: Emily Ekle Editorial Project Manager: Barbara Makinster Production Project Manager: Melissa Read Designer: Matthew Limbert Printed and bound in the United States of America Foreword The near-doubling of life expectancy in the Attention to the science of aging involves a twentieth century represents extraordinary concomitant increase in the number of college opportunities for societies and individuals. Just and university courses and programs focused as sure, it presents extraordinary challenges. In on aging and longevity. With this expansion the years since the last edition of the Handbook of knowledge, the Handbooks play an increas- of Aging series was published, the United States ingly important role for students, teachers joined the growing list of “aging societies” and scientists who are regularly called upon alongside developed nations in Western Europe to synthesize and update their comprehen- and parts of Asia; that is, the U.S. population sion of the broader field in which they work. has come to include more people over the age The Handbooks of Aging series provides knowl- of 60 than under 15 years of age. This unprec- edge bases for instruction in these continually edented reshaping of age in the population will changing fields, both through reviews of core continue on a global scale and will fundamen- and newly emerging areas, historical synthe- tally alter all aspects of life as we know it. ses, methodological and conceptual advances. Science is responsible for the extension of Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of aging life-expectancy and science is now needed research is exemplified by the overlap in con- more than ever to ensure that added years are cepts illuminated across the Handbooks, such high quality. Fortunately, the scientific under- as the profound interactions between social standing of aging is growing faster than ever worlds and biological processes. By continu- across social and biological sciences. Along ally featuring new topics and involving new with the phenomenal advances in the genetic authors, the series has pushed innovation and determinants of longevity and susceptibility fostered new ideas. to age-related diseases has come the aware- One of the greatest strengths of the chapters ness of the critical importance of environmental in the Handbooks is the synthesis afforded by and psychological factors that modulate and preeminent authors who are at the forefront of even supersede genetic predispositions. The research and thus provide expert perspectives Handbooks of Aging series, comprised of three on the issues that current define and challenge separate volumes, the Handbook of the Biology of each field. We express our deepest thanks to Aging, the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, the editors of the individual volumes for their and the Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, incredible dedication and contributions to the is now in its eighth edition and continues to series. It is their efforts to which the excellence provide foundational knowledge that fosters of the products is largely credited. We thank continued advances in the understanding of Drs. Matt Kaeberlein and George M. Martin aging at the individual and societal levels. editors of the Handbook of the Biology of Aging; xi xii Foreword Drs. K. Warner Schaie and Sherry L. Willis, edi- whose profound interest and dedication has tors of the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging; facilitated the publication of the Handbooks and Drs. Linda K. George and Kenneth F. through their many editions. And we continue Ferraro, editors of the Handbook of Aging and the to extend our deepest gratitude to James Birren Social Sciences. We would also like to express for establishing and shepherding the series our appreciation to our publishers at Elsevier, through the first six editions. Thomas A. Rando and Laura L. Carstensen Stanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University Preface The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging pro- social interactions. Parallel advances in research vides a basic reference source on the behavio- methodology particularly directed towards the ral processes of aging for researchers, graduate problems of studying change allow us to expli- students, and professionals. It also provides cate in greater detail, patterns and sub-patterns perspectives on the behavioral science of aging of behavior over the lifespan. for personnel from other disciplines. Facing the rapidly accelerating growth of The eighth edition of the Handbook contin- the relevant research literature, the editors ues to reflect both the continuing interest of once again have had to make choices about the scientific community as well as the needs what new topics should be included in the and worldwide growth of the older portion of handbook. But the growth in research activ- the population as well as the increase in active ity does not occur uniformly across all fields. life expectancy. The growth of the research lit- Hence, some topics covered in earlier edi- erature provides new opportunities to replace tions of the Handbook are not included in the chronological age as the primary variable with present edition. In this edition we have again other variables that represent causal mecha- markedly expanded coverage of the section on nisms and hence present the potential for Neuroscience, Cognition and Aging. Other new control or experimental modification. Both aca- topics first introduced in this edition include: demic and public interests have been contribut- Relationships between adults and their aging ing to the emergence of the psychology of aging parents, intergenerational communication prac- as a major subject in universities and research tices, assessment of emotional and personality institutions. Issues of interest to the psychology disorders in older adults, neuropsychological of aging touch upon many features of daily life, assessment of the dementias of late life, and from the workplace and family life to public family caregiving for cognitively or physically policy matters covering health care, retirement, frail older adults. social security, and pensions. We continue the editorial principle of not The psychology of aging is complex and inviting previous contributors to revise their many new questions keep being raised about earlier contribution. Instead if we felt that a how behavior is organized and how it changes topic needed updating we asked a new author over the course of life. Results of the mark- to approach the topic from a different perspec- edly increasing number of longitudinal studies tive. When a previous contributor reappears are providing new insights into the casual fac- in a subsequent edition, it is typically on a dif- tors in behavior changes associated with adult ferent topic that the contributor has devel- development and aging. They are contribut- oped expertise in. For these reasons, readers ing to our understanding of the role of behav- are advised to consult earlier volumes of the ior changes in relation to biological, health and Handbook, both for data and for interpretations. xiii xiv Preface The previous editions should be consulted for the reader, Table A present a list of topics (and a perspective on the development of the sub- authors for each topic) across the eight editions ject matter of the psychology of aging. To assist of the Handbook. TABLE A Topics and authors across the eight editions of the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th edition edition edition edition edition edition edition edition Topic (1977) (1985) (1990) (1996) (2001) (2006) (2011) (2016) Accidents Sterns et al. Activity and Stones & exercise Kozma Animal memory Woodruff and learning Attention McDowd Rogers & processes & Birren Fisk Attitudes towards Rosenmayr Hess Hummert aging Auditory Corso Osho et al. Fozard Kline & Fozard & Winfield & perception Scialfa Gordon- Lash Salant Autobiographical Birren & memory Schroots Autonomic Frolkis system Behavior genetics Omenn McClearn & Plomin & Pedersen McClearn Vogler Kremen & Reynolds & Foch McClearn & Vogler Lyons Finkel Biological Shock Elias et al. influences Brain and life Hakeem span in primates et al. Caregiving Knight et al. Clinical Schaie & Zarit et al. Kaszniak Manley assessment Schaie et al. Cognitive Kramer neuroscience et al. Cognitive Willis Stine- Willis & intervention Morrow Belleville & Basak (Continued) Preface xv TABLE A (TCoopnictisn aunedd )authors across the eight editions of the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th edition edition edition edition edition edition edition edition Topic (1977) (1985) (1990) (1996) (2001) (2006) (2011) (2016) Control Lachman et al. Creativity and Simonton Sternberg Brugman Ardelt wisdom & Lubart Culture and Guttman Fry Jackson Whitfield Fung & Jiang ethnicity et al. et al. Death and dying Kastenbaum Berg Lawton Biak Decision making Peters Marson et al. Disability and Kemp rehabilitation Ecology of aging Scheidt & Parmelee Wahl Scheidt & Windley & Lawton Windley Educational Willis psychology Electrophysiology Prinz of aging et al. Elder abuse and Wilbur & victimization McNeilly Emotion and Schulz Fillip Charles affect Environment Lawton Ethical issues Kimmel & Moye et al. Moody Exercise and Erickson & cognition Liu-Ambrose Executive Reuter- functions Lorenz et al. Experimental Birren & Birren & principles Renner Cunningham Family in late life Aizenberg & Gatz et al. Fingerman Treas & Birditt Fragile aging Smith & Ryan (Continued) xvi Preface TABLE A (TCoopnictisn aunedd )authors across the eight editions of the Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th edition edition edition edition edition edition edition edition Topic (1977) (1985) (1990) (1996) (2001) (2006) (2011) (2016) Gender Huyck Sinnott & differences Shifren Health behaviors Siegler & Deeg et al. Leventhal Aldwin Carstensen & Costa et al. et al. Antonucci History and Riegel Birren & Birren & Birren & Schaie concepts Birren Schroots Schroots Hormones & Resnick et al. behavior Human factors Charness Scialfa & and & Bosman Fernie aging Human memory Craik Poon Hultsch & Smith Hoyer & Nyberg & Lustig & Lin Dixon Verhaeghen Bäckman Impact of social Bengtson, structure Kaschau, & Ragan Intellectual Botwinick Labouvie- Schaie Schaie Park abilities Vief Intergenerational Giles, communications Gasiorek, Abrams, Albert, & Light Learning Arenberg & Hultsch & Robertson- Dixon Tchabo Measurement Nesselroade Schaie & McArdle Collins Rudinger & Ferrer & Stuart & Hertzog & Rietz Ghisletta Stawsky Anderson Mood and anxiety Barry & disorders Byers Mood and Knight cognition et al. Motivation Elias & Elias Kausler Fillip Carstensen et al. Motor Welford Spirduoso Ketcham Newell performance & McRae & et al. Stelmach (Continued)
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