Handbook of the History of Logic, Volume 2: Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic

727 Pages·2008·108.397 MB·English

by  Gabbay, Dov M(Editor)

Handbook of the History of Logi
Volume 2
Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic
Handbook of the History of Logic
Volume 2
Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic
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ELSEVIER North-Holland is an imprint of Elsevier
Handbook of the History of Logic
Volume 2
Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic
Edited by
Dov M. Gabbay
Department of Computer Science
King's College London
Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
and
John Woods
Philosophy Department
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z1
and
Department of Computer Science
King's College London
Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
and
Department of Philosophy
University of Lethbridge
Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4
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ELSEVIER North-Holland is an imprint of Elsevier
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First edition 2008
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CONTENTS
Preface vii
Dov M. Gabbay and John Woods
List of Contributors ix
Logic before 1100: The Latin Tradition 1
John Marenbon
Logic at the Turn of the Twelfth Century 65
John Marenbon
Peter Abelard and his Contemporaries 83
Ian Wilks
The Development of Supposition Theory in the Later 12th 157
through 14th Centuries
Terence Parsons
The Assimilation of Aristotelian and Arabic Logic up to the 281
Later Thirteenth Century
Henrik Lagerlund
Logic and Theories of Meaning in the Late 13th and Early 14th 347
Century including the Modistae
Ria van der Lecq
The Nominalist Semantics of Ockham and Buridan: A ‘Rational 389
Reconstruction’
Gyula Klima
Logic in the 14th Century after Ockham 433
Catarina Dutilh Novaes
vi Contents
Medieval Modal Theories and Modal Logic 505
Simo Knuuttila
Treatments of the Paradoxes of Self-reference 579
Mikko Yrjo¨nsuuri
Developments in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 609
E. Jennifer Ashworth
Relational Logic of Juan Caramuel 645
Petr Dvoˇr´ak
Port Royal: The Stirrings of Modernity 667
Russell Wahl
Index 701
PREFACE
As modern readers will be aware, one of logic's most fruitful periods filled the
comparatively small space from the mid-19 th century to the third quarter of the
century that followed. While classical mathematical logic remains securely situated
in the mainstream of the subject, alternative approaches arising from research
programmes in computer science and philosophy have also flourished. It speaks
to the intellectual gravitas of mathematical logic that it should have dominated
utterly for a century and a quarter, but other developments have had longer runs,
none more so than logic in the five centuries between the 11 th and 16 th. This is
staying power of formidable heft, one of the main reasons for which is the rich scope
of logical enquiry during this period. The same is true of modern symbolic logic.
In the period of its exclusivity, it exhibited an agreeable complexity, with a reach
that extends from classical treatments of proof theory, set theory, model theory and
recursion theory, to variations that encompass intuitionist, modal, many-valued,
relevant and dialogue logic, among others. No doubt this complexity is part of
the explanation of the dominance of symbolic logic. If so, a similar explanation
attaches to the staying power of mediaeval logic, whose range is easily as robust
as its modern cousin. While the mediaeval tradition never abandoned the central
fact of the syllogism as its organizing focus, it subjects this focus to the creative
tensions of adaptation, extension and creative reinterpretation. All in all, the
logicians of the middle ages rang the project of logic through virtually all the
changes that characterize modern logic, at times rivaling the new developments in
conceptual sophistication and theoretical robustness. The coverage of mediaeval
logic is striking, extending from treatments of logical consequence to the intricate
rules of logical disputations, from amalgamations of preceding traditions, whether
Aristotelian or Arabic, to the development of new insights into quantification, from
investigations of meaning to the exploration of modal contexts, from enquiry into
the paradoxes to the stirrings of the logic of relations, and much more.
It is agreed that logic lost the vigour and high reputation achieved in the middle
ages, as the Renaissance emerged as Europe's dominant intellectual and cultural
force, but it is wrong to say that logic was sent into an impotent retirement in
this period. It is more accurate to speak of hibernation, a period of quiescence
during which logic was renewing itself for the challenge of a looming modernity.
Astride the gap between Renaissance and the new world of learning is the work of
the Port Royal logicians, included here for its role as a beacon. The Port Royal
logicians disliked technical formalisms, and are in that respect the forbears of
modern informal logic. But these same logicians did some of the best of the early
work in probability theory, thus anticipating the rise of inductive logic.
viii Preface
It remains to be seen whether, on the score of intellectual power, methodological
rigour and conceptual inventiveness, the present-day pre-eminence of logic will
extend its reign another three hundred and twenty-five years. However we reckon
the probabilities, suffice to say that if the longevity of mediaeval logic is indeed
bested by our descendants, that will have been an accomplishment of supreme
importance in the annals of human intellectual effort.
Once again the Editors are deeply and most gratefully in the debt of the vol-
ume's superb authors. The Editors also warmly thank the following persons:
Professor Margaret Schabas, Head of the Philosophy Department and Professor
Nancy Gallini, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, at the University of British Columbia;
Professor Michael Stingl, Chair of the Philosophy Department and Christopher
Nicol, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science, at the University of Lethbridge;
Jane Spurr, Publications Administrator in London; Carol Woods, Production As-
sociate in Vancouver, and our colleagues at Elsevier, Senior Acquisitions Editor,
Lauren Schultz and Mara Vos-Sarmiento, Development Editor. For their excellent
advice and support the Editors also owe a special debt of gratitude to Martin
Tweedale, Stephen Read, Jennifer Ashworth, Henrik Lagerlund and John Maren-
bon.
Dov M. Gabbay
King's College London
John Woods
University of British Columbia
and
King's College London
and
University of Lethbridge
CONTRIBUTORS
E. Jennifer Ashworth
University of Waterloo, Canada.
ej ashwor @wat art s. uwat erloo, ca
Catarina Dutilh Novaes
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
cdutilhnovaes~yahoo.com
Petr Dvorak
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic.
[email protected]
Dov M. Gabbay
King's College London, UK.
dov. gab bay@ kcl. ac. uk
Gyula Klima
Fordham University, USA.
[email protected]
Simo Knuuttila
University of Helsinki, Finland.
[email protected]
Henrik Lagerlund
The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
[email protected]
Ria van der Lecq
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ria. vander lecq@ phil. uu.nl
John Marenbon
Trinity College, Cambridge, UK.
jm258~cam.ac.uk