Handbook of Territorial Politics

433 Pages·2018·4.845 MB·English

by  Klaus Detterbeck, Eve Hepburn

HANDBOOK OF TERRITORIAL POLITICS
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Handbook of Territorial Politics
Edited by
Klaus Detterbeck
Senior Researcher, Institute of Political Science, Georg-August-University
Göttingen, Germany
Eve Hepburn
Honorary Fellow, University of Edinburgh’s Europa Institute, Founding
Chief Executive of Fearless Femme and Founding Director of PolicyScribe,
UK
Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA
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© Klaus Detterbeck and Eve Hepburn 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or
otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935728
This book is available electronically in the
Social and Political Science subject collection
DOI 10.4337/9781784718770
ISBN 978 1 78471 876 3 (cased)
ISBN 978 1 78471 877 0 (eBook)
Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
2
0
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Contents
List of contributors vii
1 Introduction to the Handbook of Territorial Politics 1
Eve Hepburn and Klaus Detterbeck
PART I INSTITUTIONS, ACTORS AND IDEAS
2 Rescaling the European state: a constructivist and political perspective 17
Michael Keating
3 Federal, devolved or decentralized state: on the territorial architecture
of power 30
Nathalie Behnke
4 Challenges of interdependence and coordination in federal systems 45
Nicole Bolleyer
5 Multilevel governance 61
Simona Piattoni
6 ‘Gendering’ territorial politics 74
Jill Vickers
7 Decentralization as a tool for conflict resolution 89
Soeren Keil and Paul Anderson
PART II ELECTIONS, PARTIES AND POLITICAL CULTURE
8 Denationalization of elections? Tracing the developments in the
conceptualization and measurement of the nationalization of the vote 107
Arjan H. Schakel
9 Statewide parties in Western and Eastern Europe: territorial patterns of
party organizations 120
Klaus Detterbeck and Eve Hepburn
10 Ethnoregionalist parties 139
Lieven De Winter, Marga Gomez and Peter Lynch
11 Multilevel party competition: a theory of territorial contagion 158
Eve Hepburn
12 Political careers and territorial politics 172
Klaus Stolz
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vi Handbook of territorial politics
13 Multiple territorial identities and multilevel polities 190
Luis Moreno
14 Regional citizenship in a system of plural memberships and multilevel rights 203
Lorenzo Piccoli
PART III TERRITORIAL PUBLIC POLICIES
15 Education policy in Canada and the United States: dispersed governance or
centralization? 217
Sandra Vergari
16 Health policy and territorial politics: disciplinary misunderstandings and
directions for research 232
Scott L. Greer
17 Territorial politics and environmental policy: a comparison of findings about
climate change and resource management policies 246
Sonja Wälti
18 Immigration and sub-state nations: researching the nexus 261
Ilke Adam
19 Regions beyond the state: external relations and paradiplomacy 278
Michaël Tatham
20 Comparative perspectives on the territorial politics of fiscal federalism:
Canada, Australia and the United States 293
Daniel Béland and André Lecours
21 Territorial politics and economic development 306
John Agnew and Agostino Mantegna
22 Territorial reform policies in federal and multilevel systems 319
César Colino
PART IV GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES
23 Actor-centered or institutional approaches in Europe and the US: moving
toward convergence 341
Carol S. Weissert and Kevin Fahey
24 Comparative territorial politics in Sub-Saharan Africa 354
Jan Erk
25 Territorial politics in South Asia: between territorial accommodation and
majoritarianism 371
Wilfried Swenden
26 Territorial politics and the federal frame in Australia 388
Nicholas Aroney and Campbell Sharman
Index 401
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Contributors
Ilke Adam is Professor of Political Science at the Institute for European Studies, Vrije
Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
John Agnew is Distinguished Professor of Geography at the Department of Geography,
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Paul Anderson is PhD Researcher in Politics and International Relations at the School of
Psychology, Politics and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK.
Nicholas Aroney is Professor of Constitutional Law at the TC Beirne School of Law,
University of Queensland, Australia.
Nathalie Behnke is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Politics and Public
Adminstration, University of Konstanz, Germany.
Daniel Béland is Canada Research Chair in Public Policy at the Johnson-Shoyama
Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Nicole Bolleyer is Professor of Comparative Politics at the Department of Politics,
University of Exeter, UK.
César Colino is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Political Science and
Public Administration, National Distance Learning University, Madrid, Spain.
Lieven De Winter is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
Klaus Detterbeck is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Political Science, Georg-August-
University Göttingen, Germany.
Jan Erk is Fellow at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), South Africa.
Kevin Fahey is Research Fellow at the Centre for Political and Legal Analytics, School of
Law and Politics, Cardiff University, UK.
Marga Gomez is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Political Science and
Adminstration, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Scott L. Greer is Professor of Political Science at the School of Public Health, University
of Michigan, USA.
Eve Hepburn is Honorary Fellow at the University of Edinburgh’s Europa Institute,
Founding Chief Executive of Fearless Femme and Founding Director of PolicyScribe,
UK.
Michael Keating is Chair in Scottish Politics at the School of Social Science, University of
Aberdeen, UK, and Director of the Centre on Constitutional Change, Edinburgh, UK.
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viii Handbook of territorial politics
Soeren Keil is Reader in Politics and International Relations at the School of Psychology,
Politics and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK.
André Lecours is Professor of Political Science at the School of Political Studies,
University of Ottawa, Canada.
Peter Lynch is Senior Lecturer at the History and Politics Department, University of
Stirling, UK.
Agostino Mantegna is PhD Researcher at the Department of Geography, University of
California, Los Angeles, USA.
Luis Moreno is Research Professor of Social Sciences at the Institute of Public Goods and
Policies, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
Simona Piattoni is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Sociology and
Social Research, University of Trento, Italy.
Lorenzo Piccoli is PhD Researcher at the Department of Political and Social Sciences,
European University Institute Florence, Italy.
Arjan H. Schakel is Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science, Maastricht
University, the Netherlands.
Campbell Sharman is Senior Honorary Research Fellow in Political Science at the
University of Western Australia, Australia, and Adjunct Professor at the Department of
Political Science, University of British Columbia, Canada.
Klaus Stolz is Professor of British and American Studies at the Faculty of Humanities,
Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany.
Wilfried Swenden is Senior Lecturer in Politics at the School of Social and Political Science
and Co-Director of the Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Michaël Tatham is Professor of Political Science, Department of Comparative Politics,
University of Bergen, Norway.
Sandra Vergari is Associate Professor at the Department of Educational Policy and
Leadership, State University of New York at Albany, USA.
Jill Vickers is Emeritus Chancellor’s Professor in Political Science at Carleton University,
Ottawa, Canada.
Sonja Wälti is Assistant Professor at the Department of Public Adminstration and Policy,
American University, Washington, DC, USA.
Carol S. Weissert is LeRoy Collins Eminent Scholar and Chair of Civic Education and
Political Science at the Department of Political Science, Florida State University, USA.
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1. Introduction to the Handbook of Territorial
Politics
Eve Hepburn and Klaus Detterbeck
INTRODUCTION
Imagine in your mind’s eye a satellite image of the earth. You can probably see vast blue
oceans and green-brown streaks of land that are half-hidden by swirls of white cloud. You
might think: how beautiful, how whole, how solid is this earth of ours. How fortunate
we are – the human race, some 7.4 billion people – to occupy such an abundant, though
increasingly fragile, habitat. But then you might cast your memory back to an old atlas
you saw when you were a child: how thick black lines sliced up the land into smaller pieces.
You might reflect on how, if you take a closer look, humanity has always divided itself into
self-contained communities. And that many of these communities do not exist anymore –
clans and tribes, city-states and principalities, kingdoms and empires. Instead, our earth
is currently divided into 195 countries – the vast majority of which are ‘nation-states’, a
political form that emerged a mere 370 years ago with the creation of the Westphalian
system in 1648.
But as a student of territorial politics, you know that this system of nation-states is
far from being perfect, or secure. Because you’re aware that the territorial configuration
of our modern world is being challenged on a near-constant basis, from above as well as
below. You may know that, since 1941, we’ve seen the creation of 129 new nation-states
(Baldacchino and Hepburn, 2013), and some 34 of those have been created since 1990.
Some of those countries declared independence with the collapse of a vast political regime
(the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), some emerged from the dissolution of a former
country (Yugoslavia), some merged together to form a single unit (Yemen), others gained
sovereignty with the spread of de-colonization (Palau or the Marshall Islands), and others
split in two (South Sudan from Sudan).
And if you have your eye on the news, and not just the history books, you’re probably
aware that this process of creating new nation-states is unlikely to end any time soon.
Catalonia is – at the time of writing – in the midst of a political tug-of-war with the
Spanish Government, having declared independence in a referendum declared uncon-
stitutional by the Spanish Court. In Taiwan, the issue of maintaining relations with
mainland China or pursuing independence has dominated domestic politics for decades.
In Corsica, a newly elected nationalist alliance has just petitioned for greater autonomy
from France. The question of Palestine independence lies at the heart of the Arab-Israeli
conflict in the Middle East. In the UK, Scotland narrowly voted against a referendum in
2014, but its pro-independence government plans to hold another independence referen-
dum in the future. And the list of political movements agitating for independence for their
territories goes on – such as Quebec in Canada (which has already held two unsuccessful
independence referenda), Puerto Rico in the USA (which has now held six referenda on its
1
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