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Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology The Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology helps prescribers and patients make rational decisions about drug treatment while considering known risks and potential unwanted effects. Written for dermatologists, family practitioners, pharmacists and specialist nurses, this completely revised and updated third edition of a bestseller provides an accessible and concise aid to prescribing and monitoring systemic dermatologic therapy. For each drug or drug class, the book lists its classification, mode of action, formulations, dosages, suggested regimens, contraindica- tions, important drug interactions, adverse effects, patient information and more. This third edition includes new classes of drugs as well as information on updated guidelines for prescribing and monitoring established drugs. FROM REVIEWS OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS ‘This updated edition includes new arrivals … Quite simply, it is indispensable! I have it with me in every clinic and often refer to it in discussions with pharmacists (who have been known to borrow my copy and forget to return it).’ Dermatology in Practice ‘… an outstanding resource that helps to alleviate worrying by providing precise guidelines and advice in managing our most infirm patients who require these medications.’ SkinMed Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology Third Edition Edited by Sarah H. Wakelin, BSc, MBBS, FRCP Consultant Dermatologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, UK Howard I. Maibach, MD Professor of Dermatology University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, California, USA Clive B. Archer, BSc, MBBS, MSc Med Ed, MD (Lond), PhD, FRCP Consultant Dermatologist St John’s Institute of Dermatology Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Honorary Professor of Dermatology and Immunopharmacology University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer King’s College London (KCL), London, UK Third edition published 2023 by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, and Clive B. Archer; individual chapters, the contributors CRC Press is an imprint of Informa UK Limited The right of Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, and Clive B. Archer to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/ opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged, please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechani- cal or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Wakelin, S. H. (Sarah H.), editor. | Maibach, Howard I., editor. | Archer, Clive B., editor. Title: Handbook of systemic drug treatment in dermatology / edited by Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, Clive B. Archer. Description: Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022032357 (print) | LCCN 2022032358 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367860820 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367860813 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003016786 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Skin Diseases--drug therapy | Dermatologic Agents--therapeutic use | Drug Interactions | Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions | Handbook Classification: LCC RL801 (print) | LCC RL801 (ebook) | NLM WR 39 | DDC 616.5/061--dc23/eng/20221103 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022032357 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022032358 ISBN: 978-0-367-86082-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-86081-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-01678-6 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003016786 Typeset in Times by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix Contributors .......................................................................................................................................x List of Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................xiv Chapter 1 Acitretin ........................................................................................................................1 Peter C.M. van de Kerkhof Chapter 2 Acne Antibiotics ...........................................................................................................6 Alexander Nast, Ricardo N. Werner and Natalie R. Attard Chapter 3 Alitretinoin .................................................................................................................13 N.Farah Mahmood and Graham A. Johnston Chapter 4 Antiandrogens ............................................................................................................19 Shirin Zaheri and Iaisha Ali Chapter 5 Antibiotics Commonly Used for Skin Infections .......................................................28 Hui Min Liew, Victoria J. Hogarth and Roderick J. Hay Chapter 6 Antifungals .................................................................................................................42 Rachael Morris-Jones Chapter 7 Antimalarials ..............................................................................................................61 Thomas Tull and Mark Goodfield Chapter 8 Antivirals for Herpesviruses ......................................................................................67 Hannah Cookson Chapter 9 Apremilast ..................................................................................................................74 Gayathri K. Perera Chapter 10 Azathioprine ...............................................................................................................78 Sarah H. Wakelin and Simon Meggitt Chapter 11 Azole Antihelminths ..................................................................................................84 Mahreen Ameen v vi Contents Chapter 12 Bexarotene ..................................................................................................................88 Julia J. Scarisbrick Chapter 13 Ciclosporin .................................................................................................................93 Murtaza Khan and John Berth-Jones Chapter 14 Colchicine ...................................................................................................................99 Esther A. Hullah and Michael P. Escudier Chapter 15 Corticosteroids .........................................................................................................104 Clive B. Archer Chapter 16 Cyclophosphamide ...................................................................................................112 Matthew Scorer, Olga Golberg and Karen Harman Chapter 17 Dapsone ....................................................................................................................120 Charles Archer and Antonia Lloyd-Lavery Chapter 18 Dimethyl Fumarate ..................................................................................................126 Oonagh Molloy and Brian Kirby Chapter 19 Interleukin-4/13 Inhibitors .......................................................................................131 Alison Sears and Andrew Pink Chapter 20 Interleukin (IL)-12/23 and IL-23 Inhibitors .............................................................137 Charles H. Earnshaw and Richard B. Warren Chapter 21 Interleukin-17 Inhibitors ...........................................................................................144 Leena Chularojanamontri and Christopher E.M. Griffiths Chapter 22 Isotretinoin ...............................................................................................................151 Alison M. Layton Chapter 23 Ivermectin .................................................................................................................159 Jonathan Kentley and L. Claire Fuller Chapter 24 Intravenous Immunoglobulin ...................................................................................164 Derrick Phillips Chapter 25 Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors .................................................................................170 Courtney E. Heron, Lindsay C. Strowd and Steven R. Feldman Contents vii Chapter 26 Malignant Melanoma Drug Treatments ...................................................................177 Charlotte L. Edwards and Louise A. Fearfield Chapter 27 Methotrexate .............................................................................................................195 Richard Woolf and Catherine Smith Chapter 28 Mycophenolate Mofetil ............................................................................................203 Joey E. Lai-Cheong and Jane Setterfield Chapter 29 Omalizumab .............................................................................................................208 Chris Rutkowski, Annette Wagner and Clive Grattan Chapter 30 Potassium Iodide ......................................................................................................212 Genevieve Osborne Chapter 31 Propranolol ...............................................................................................................215 Susannah Baron Chapter 32 Psoralens ...................................................................................................................220 Hiva Fassihi Chapter 33 Rituximab .................................................................................................................228 Richard W. Groves Chapter 34 Sulfapyridine and Sulfamethoxypyridazine.............................................................233 Ellie Rashidghamat Chapter 35 Thalidomide .............................................................................................................239 Elaine Agius and Robert P.E. Sarkany Chapter 36 Tumour Necrosis Factor Antagonists .......................................................................245 Leena Chularojanamontri and Christopher E.M. Griffiths Chapter 37 Vismodegib...............................................................................................................253 Faisal R. Ali and John T. Lear Chapter 38 Systemic Therapy in Children and Young People ...................................................257 Susannah Baron Chapter 39 Systemic Therapy and Kidney Disease ....................................................................266 Phil Mason viii Contents Chapter 40 Systemic Therapy and Liver Disease .......................................................................270 Maria Bashyam and Shahid A. Khan Chapter 41 Systemic Therapy in Older People ...........................................................................279 Sarita Singh, Rosanna Fox and Manuraj Singh Index ..............................................................................................................................................284 Preface Since the second edition of this handbook in 2015, dermatological therapy has continued to advance at a pace. The prescriber can now offer patients a wide range of biologics for psoriasis and new biologics for eczema and urticaria. In addition, the licensing of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for skin disease brings a completely new category of medication to the dermatologist’s portfolio. Keeping up to date with new drugs and new treatment indications is a challenge in such a rapidly- changing field. The COVID-19 pandemic raised questions on our use of immunosuppressive drugs and the move to remote prescription and drug monitoring has altered the way we deliver care to our patients. Other societal changes include our ageing population especially those with frailty - now recognised as an emerging public health priority. Managing chronic disease in patients with complex multi- morbidities under time pressure in inadequately resourced and staffed systems, without inbuilt safety mechanisms is a recipe for disaster. This led the World Health Organisation (WHO) to launch its third global challenge, Medication without harm, in 2017, aiming to address the medication practices and errors that are a leading cause of injury and avoidable harm in health care systems across the world. Patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of therapy through detailed discussion supplemented with written information. We hope that this third edition of the handbook will remain a practical and popular resource for prescribers and clinicians throughout their careers and help achieve the goal of safe prescribing. New drugs and updated guidelines are included which inevitably causes further gain in girth with age. At a time of potential information overload, our aim remains to provide an easily accessible and reliable ‘how to’ resource at the reader’s fingertips that works when the internet connection fails and the computer crashes. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, prescribers are advised to check doses in up-to-date formularies and to consult the manufacturer’s literature / summary of product characteristics. The editors are very grateful to all contributors of this edition, and earlier editions. Last but not least we would like to thank Taylor & Francis, particularly Robert Peden for his support with this publication. The Editors ix