Khawaja Husnain Haider Editor Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy Khawaja Husnain Haider Editor Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy With119Figuresand71Tables Editor KhawajaHusnainHaider DepartmentofBasicSciences SulaimanAlRajhiUniversity AlBukairiyah,SaudiArabia ISBN978-981-19-2654-9 ISBN978-981-19-2655-6(eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2655-6 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore To My Parents, Brothers, Sisters, Brothers-in- Law, and my wife DIYAwho mothered our two sons: Mowahid who is the love of my life and Anas “the angel of paradise” whose departure from my life is a constant source of inspiration for me to do science. Foreword Debilitating and fatal, hereditary degenerative diseases deprive their sufferers of a normal quality of life and life span. An effective treatment must not only repair degeneratingcellsbutreplenishdegeneratedcellswithliveones.Fromthefirstsuccess ofmesenchymetransplantationindystrophicmicereportedinMuscle&Nerve1982;5: 619–627untothecurrent>20chaptersdocumentingbiomedicalandclinicaladvances of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, it becomes apparent that cell therapy has comeofage!Betterstill,FoodandDrugAgency(FDA),EuropeanMedicinesAgency (EMA),andNationalMedicineProductsAdministration(NMPA)havegrantedseveral biologic license approvals since July 14, 1990, when the world’s first human gene therapyandsomaticcelltherapywaspublishedinLancet336:114–115. Celltherapyisamainstreamregenerativemedicinecharacterizedwithtransplan- tationofbiologicsincludinglivecells,genes,factors,and/oracombinationofthem. It replenishes live cells to degenerative organs, and in allografts, offers the normal genome for genetic complementation treatment. It regenerates tissues and organs. Exosomes secreted from cultured cells are often formulated to become molecular medicine.Sinceaforeigngeneanditsderivativesalwaysexertitseffectonthecell, cell therapy isthecommonpathway togoodhealth. Debilitatingandfatal diseases withnoknowncureareoftenresultsofpolygenicaberration,andonlycelltherapy ratherthanindividualmolecularmedicinecanbeeffective. Cell therapists harvesting theinnovationsand discoveriesofdevelopmentalcell biologists since the mid-1950s should not forget their teachings. Somatic cell therapies and stem cell therapies utilize different compositions and methods of treatment. It is through continual research in cell identification, quantity, purity, viability, and potency, especially in cell differentiation and transcription, that stem celltherapieswillonedayovercometheinadequacyofuncontrolleddifferentiation andcarcinogenicity. ThisistheseventhbookProfessorHaiderhaseditedonkeyissuesofstemcells andstemcelltherapies.ProfessorHaiderhasdevotedmorethantwodecadesinthese arenas, publishing cutting-edge research with complete dedication and passion. In thisbook,hehascompiledthelatestadvancesofencompassingcelltherapiesfrom worldexpertstowardtreatingcancer,heartfailure,Type-IIdiabetes,aging,muscular dystrophies, wounds, ocular diseases, COVID-19, inflammatory bowel disease, cartilage damage, spinal cord injury, cognitive deficits, and ischemic stroke. This vii viii Foreword bookisclassifiedasaMajorReferenceWorkconsistingof50chaptersfromnearly 45labsaroundtheglobe,fromtheUSAtoCanada,Europe,China,Japan,Malaysia, andmanyothercountries.WiththeseeliteEditor,Publisher,andAuthorsworkingin harmony,theworldofscienceandmedicinewilllookforwardtoneweditionsofthis landmarkundertakingintheyearstocome. All these drops into the bucket, some representing the life-long effort of the pioneers,othersrepresentingnoveldiscoveriesandinnovations,willallbecollected monumentally;forbiologicsareevolutionarymedicinesharedbyallanimalsinthe last 500 million years, only to be discovered, isolated, manipulated with human innovation,andformulatedasGeneticCellTherapiestoprovidemankindwithlong- termefficacyandlessersideeffectsthanherbs,chemicals,surgery,orradiation. CellTherapyInstitute PeterK.Law,Ph.D.,Professor,Founder&Chairman Wuhan,CHINA August2022 Contents Volume 1 PartI Cell-BasedTherapyApproach:MesenchymalStem Cell-BasedTherapy ........................................ 1 1 HumanMesenchymalStemCells:TheArttoUseTheminthe TreatmentofPreviouslyUntreatable ....................... 3 JanLakota,MariaDubrovcakova,andKhawajaHusnainHaider 2 SourcesandTherapeuticStrategiesofMesenchymalStemCells inRegenerativeMedicine ................................ 23 MohamedKamal,DinaKassem,andKhawajaHusnainHaider 3 ConsiderationsforClinicalUseofMesenchymalStromalCells ... 51 AbdelkrimHmadcha,BernatSoria,JuanR.Tejedo, FrancicoJ.Bedoya,JoseMiguelSempere-Ortells,andTarikSmani 4 StemCellsinWoundHealingandScarring .................. 103 RoohiVinaikandMarcG.Jeschke 5 MesenchymalStemCells ................................. 127 MariaAlvarez-ViejoandKhawajaHusnainHaider 6 MesenchymalStromalCellsforCOVID-19Critical CarePatients .......................................... 163 AbdelkrimHmadcha,TarikSmani,JoseMiguelSempere-Ortells, RobertChunhuaZhao,andBernatSoria 7 MesenchymalStemCellTherapyforInflammatory BowelDisease ......................................... 193 MikhailKonoplyannikov,OlegKnyazev,PeterTimashev,and VladimirBaklaushev 8 ExtracellularVesicles-BasedCell-FreeTherapyforLiver Regeneration .......................................... 221 MustaphaNajimiandKhawajaHusnainHaider ix x Contents 9 CurrentStateofStemCellTherapyforHeartDiseases ........ 239 YongShengTan,QiHaoLooi,NadiahSulaiman,MinHweiNg,and DanielLawJiaXian 10 MesenchymalStemCellsforCardiacRepair ................. 269 AbdullahMurhafAl-Khani,MohamedAbdelghafourKhalifa,and KhawajaHusnainHaider 11 PreclinicalResearchofMesenchymalStemCell-BasedTherapy forOcularDiseases ..................................... 323 E.Zakirova,A.M.Aimaletdinov,A.G.Malanyeva,C.S.Rutland, andA.A.Rizvanov 12 StemCellforCartilageRepair ............................ 349 AnnehMohammadGharravi,MohammadRezaGholami, SaeedAzandeh,andKhawajaHusnainHaider 13 DirectReprogrammingStrategiesfortheTreatmentofNervous SystemInjuriesandNeurodegenerativeDisorders ............ 383 KatarzynaPieczonka,WilliamBrettMcIntyre,MohamadKhazaei, andMichaelG.Fehlings 14 TherapeuticEffectsofMesenchymalStemCellson CognitiveDeficits ...................................... 413 CarlRandallHarrell,AnaVolarevic,andVladislavVolarevic 15 AugmentingMesenchymalStemCell-BasedTherapyofthe InfarctedMyocardiumwithStatins ........................ 437 SulaimanAlnasser,MabroukAL-Rasheedi,MateqA.Alreshidi, SalehF.Alqifari,andKhawajaHusnainHaider 16 UnravelingtheMysteryofRegenerativeMedicineinthe TreatmentofHeartFailure ............................... 471 MathieuRheault-Henry,IanWhite,andRonyAtoui 17 TherapeuticUsesofStemCellsforHeartFailure: HypeorHope ......................................... 511 MathieuRheault-Henry,IanWhite,andRonyAtoui 18 MesenchymalStemCell-ProbioticCommunication:Beneficial BacteriainPreconditioning .............................. 545 AyşegülMendi,BüşraAktaş,andBelmaAslım 19 Effectsof3DCellCultureontheCellFateDecisionsof MesenchymalStromal/StemCells .......................... 565 DariusWidera Contents xi PartII Cell-BasedTherapyApproach:Non-MesenchymalStem Cell-BasedTherapy ....................................... 585 20 TheFunctionofStemCellsinOcularHomeostasis ............ 587 S.AmerRiazuddin,ShahidY.Khan,andMuhammadAli 21 ThePotentialofStemCellsinOcularTreatments ............. 607 S.AmerRiazuddin,ShahidY.Khan,andMuhammadAli 22 MyoblastTherapiesConstituteaSafeandEfficacious PlatformTechnologyofRegenerativeMedicinefortheHuman HealthIndustry ........................................ 625 PeterK.Law,WenbinLi,QibinSong,ShiJunSong,JunRen, ManyeYao,QiaoyunLi,QizhongShi,KeqiangWang,JingWang, LeiYe,Jian-HuaMa,KhawajaHusnainHaider,Li-pingSu,PingLu, WeylandCheng,MingZhangAo,andDanlinM.Law 23 AdiposeTissue-DerivedRegenerativeCell-BasedTherapies: CurrentOptimizationStrategiesforEffectiveTreatmentin AestheticSurgery ...................................... 691 YusukeShimizu,EdwardHoseaNtege,andHiroshiSunami 24 MolecularSignatureofStemCellsUndergoingCardiomyogenic Differentiation ......................................... 725 KavithaGovarthanan,PiyushKumarGupta,BinitaE.Zipporah, VineetaSharma,M.Rajasundari,andKhawajaHusnainHaider Volume 2 25 StemCellApplicationsinCardiacTissueRegeneration ........ 769 VineetaSharma,SanatKumarDash,PiyushKumarGupta, BinitaE.Zipporah,KhawajaHusnainHaider,and KavithaGovarthanan 26 VascularFunctionalRecoveryandReparationbyHuman EndothelialProgenitorCells .............................. 799 AlexanderE.BerezinandAlexanderA.Berezin 27 NeuralStemCells ...................................... 821 YashParekh,EktaDagar,KhawajaHusnainHaider,and KiranKumarBokara 28 GlialCellsinNeuroinflammationinVariousDiseaseStates ..... 849 DerekBarthelsandHiranmoyDas 29 Human-InducedPluripotentStemCell-DerivedCardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs)asaPlatformforModelingArrhythmias ......... 875 LisaLin,TiffanyBarszczewski,PatrickG.Burgon,and GlenF.Tibbits