Table Of Content

c^e SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION y c - BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 143 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Julian H. Steward, Editor- Volume 1 THE MARGINAL TRIBES PreparedinCooperationWiththeUnited StatesDepartmentofStateasaProject of theInterdepartmentalCommitteeonCultiu-alandScientificCooperation UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washinston25.D.C. Price$2.75 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington,D. C,April1,1944- Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a manuscript entitled "Handbook of South American Indians. Volume 1. The Marginal Tribes," edited by Julian H. Steward, and to recommend that it be publishedasabulletinoftheBureauofAmericanEthnology. Very respectfully yours, FrankH. H. Roberts,Jr.,Acting Chief. Dr. C.G.Abbot, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. CONTENTS PAGE Foreward xix Introduction, byJulian H. Steward, Editor 1 Presentationofmaterials 5 Acknowledgments . 8 ContributorstoVolume1 11 Part 1. IndiansofsouthernSouth America 13 TheSouthern Hunters: Anintroduction, byJohn M. Cooper 13 ThearcheologyofPatagonia, byJunius Bird 17 Introduction 17 Historyofinvestigations 18 Culturesequenceat the StraitofMagellan 19 Culturesequenceat BeagleChannel 20 Antiquity 21 Patagoniancultures 22 Chilo6Island 23 Researchproblems 23 Bibliography 24 Thearcheologyofthe GreaterPampa,by Gordon R. Willey 25 Geography andenvironment 25 Sources 26 Thebasiccultureofthe Greater Pampa 26 LimitsoftheGreater Pampaarcheologicalarea 30 SubdivisionsoftheGreaterPampa 31 Conclusionsandproblems 45 Bibliography 46 The Chono, byJohn M. Cooper 47 Naturalenvironment 47 Territory 47 Namesanddivisions 48 Historyofinvestigation 48 Language 48 Population 49 Culture 50 Subsistenceactivities 50 Houses 51 Dressandornaments 51 Transportation 51 Manufactures 52 Sociopoliticalculture 52 Lifecycle 53 Estheticandrecreationalactivities 53 Religion 53 The Alacaluf, byJunius Bird 55 Habitatandhistory 55 Sources 58 Culture 58 Subsistenceactivities 58 V VI CONTENTS — Part1. IndiansofsouthernSouth—America Continued. TheAlacalu—f,byJuniusBird Continued. Culture Continued. page Domesticatedanimals 63 Houses 64 Dressandornaments 66 Transportationandcommunication 66 Manufactures 68 Exchangeanddistributionofgoods 70 Socialandpoliticalorganization 71 Warfare 71 Lifecycle 71 Estheticandrecreationalactivities 77 Shamanismandcuring 78 Religion 78 Bibliography 79 TheYahgan, byJohn M. Cooper 81 Introduction 81 Culture 83 Subsistenceactivities 83 Campsandshelters 84 Dressandornaments 86 Transportation 88 Manufactures 89 Socialandpoliticallife 91 Economiclife 95 Etiquette 97 Warfareand cannibalism 97 Lifecycle 97 Estheticandrecreationalactivities 100 Religion 103 Mythology 105 Loreandlearning 105 Bibliography 106 The Ona, byJohn M. Cooper 107 Natural environment 107 Territory 107 Tribal divisions 108 Language 108 Population 108 Historyofinvestigation 109 Culture 109 Subsistenceactivities 109 Shelters 110 Dressandornaments 111 Transportation 112 Manufactures 112 Socialandpoliticallife 115 Economiclife 118 Lifecycle 119 Estheticandrecreationalactivities 122 Religion 122 Mythology 124 Loreandlearning 125 Bibliography 125