m o c c. ntifi e ci w.worldsse only. wwal u nloaded from 15. For person SOLIDH ASNTDATBEO OBKAT OTFE RIES w7/ Second Edition o2 D0/ atteries 48 on 1 B1. State 187.5 d 8. of Soliby 7 k o o b d n a H 9487_9789814651899_tp.indd 1 19/6/15 9:56 am World Scientific Series in Materials and Energy* ISSN: 2335-6596 Series Editor: Leonard C. Feldman (Rutgers University) Published Vol. 2 Handbook of Instrumentation and Techniques for Semiconductor Nanostructure Characterization edited by Richard Haight (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA), Frances M. Ross (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA), m James B. Hannon (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA) and o c Leonard C. Feldman (Rutgers University, USA) c. ntifi Vol. 3 The World Scientific Handbook of Energy e www.worldscial use only. V ol. 4 eMeddaiittteeeddri abblyys AGforertrh aBurirdo J fMu. eR. laCsgraauwslkeays ( (UGneiovergrsiait yI nosft iStuotuet ho fC Taercohlninoalo, gUyS, AU)SA) nloaded from 15. For person V ol. 5 HAeAdjapiin ptPedl.di bcM obaotyai kotKh noersfiw s (Gt I(iniLrn eu4ael n VeO åoMk lUsuammnteiaevrnisea )r(lsLsi:ut yPle roåof c UTeesncsihivnnegro slTiotegyc yho, nfS oTwleoecgdhienenos)l,, o Pgryo,p Sewrteiedse na)n,d w7/ Alexander Bismarck (Vienna University of Technology, Austria), o2 atteries D48 on 10/ OMrolhainndio S Raionj a(Us (nNivoerrtshi tCy aorfo Tlionrao nSttoa,t eC Uannaivdear)s ity, USA), and B1. Vol. 6 Handbook of Solid State Batteries (2nd Edition) State 187.5 edited by Nancy J. Dudney (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA), d 8. William C. West (Nagoya University, Japan) and of Soliby 7 Jagjit Nanda (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA) k o Forthcoming o b nd Batteries a H edited by Jack Vaughey (Argonne National Lab., USA) and David Schroeder Northern Illinois, USA) Encyclopedia of Practical Semiconductors (In 4 Volumes) edited by Eugene A. Fitzgerald (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) Graphene edited by Michael G. Spencer (Cornell University, USA) Handbook of Silicon Surfaces and Formation of Interfaces: Basic Science in the Industrial World (2nd Edition) Jarek Dabrowski and Hans-Joachim Mussig (Institute for Semiconductor Research, Germany) *The complete list of titles in the series can be found at http://www.worldscientific.com/series/mae Rhaimie - Handbook of Solid State Batteries.indd 1 18/6/2015 3:42:41 PM m o c c. ntifi e ci w.worldsse only. wwal u m on MATERIALS AND ENERGY – Vol. 6 nloaded fro15. For pers HANDBOOK OF w7/ o2 D0/ atteries 48 on 1 SOLID STATE BATTERIES B1. State 187.5 d 8. of Soliby 7 Second Edition k o o db Nancy J Dudney n a H Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA William C West Nagoya University, Japan Jagjit Nanda Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO 9487_9789814651899_tp.indd 2 19/6/15 9:56 am Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE m co British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ntific. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. e ci w.worldsse only. wwal u m on nloaded fro15. For pers WHAorNldD BScOieOnKtifi Oc FSe SriOesL iInD M SaTtAerTiaEl s B aAnTd TEEnRerIgEyS — Vol. 6 w7/ 2nd Edition o2 D0/ atteries 48 on 1 CAlolp ryigrihgths tr ©es e2r0v1e6d .b Tyh Wiso broldo kS,c oiern ptiafircts P tuhbelriesohfi,n mg aCyo n. oPtt eb.e L rtedp. roduced in any form or by any means, B1. electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval State 187.5 system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. d 8. of Soliby 7 k o bo For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance d n Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy a H is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-981-4651-89-9 In-house Editor: Rhaimie Wahap Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore Rhaimie - Handbook of Solid State Batteries.indd 2 18/6/2015 3:42:41 PM June18,2015 11:19 HandbookofSolidStateBatteries... (2ndEdn) 9inx6in b1801-fm pagev Preface m o c c. ntifi cie Solid-state batteries hold the promise of providing energy storage w.worldsse only. wsaiftehtyhiagnhdstpeemcipfiecraetnuerregystaanbidlithyigihsspuoeswreerladteivnesittoy,tyheotsweiatshsofacrialteesds wwal u with conventional liquid or gel-based lithium-ion batteries. Solid- m on nloaded fro15. For pers ssattnaodtrealogbaeadtat-peleprivleiesclaiantrigeonoesnf,vrferisnoiemownpeaodbwltyoegrbienenguearsauetfteuodlmfeoonrbeiarlgevysa,,ssattnardtainopgnoeawroyefrseitnnogerartghgyee ow27/ widerangeofelectronicsthathavebecomesopervasiveinourlives. D0/ atteries 48 on 1 noloTgayntcaalnizbinegfoeuvniddeinncseoolifdt-hsteapterothminisfielomf bsoaltitder-sietastwehbiacthtearryetneochw- B1. State 187.5 cTohmesmeesrocilaidll-ystaptreodbuactteedriefosrasrpeecciaapliazbelde loofwteennserogfythapoupsliacnadtisonosf. d 8. of Soliby 7 dcoemeppodnisecnhtasragreechyigclhelsyasttaubslee,fuwlitchhanrogeapapnrdecdiaibsclehaerlgecetrroaltyetse. sTidhee k o o reactionsorelectrodedissolution.Thesecellsoftenincorporatevery b d an high specific energy lithium metal anodes resulting in high active- H massbasisspecificenergy. Sincethelasteditionofthisbook,significantstridesinthefield of solid-state batteries have been achieved. In this second edition ofthisbook,wehaveboughttogethermanysubject-matterexperts v June18,2015 11:19 HandbookofSolidStateBatteries... (2ndEdn) 9inx6in b1801-fm pagevi vi Preface in the field of solid-state batteries, covering a wide range of topics. Herein,theauthorssummarizeadvancementsin: ◦ Very high ionic conductivity sulfide- and oxide-based solid elec- trolyteswithionicconductivitynearlyon-parwithliquidlithium- ionelectrolytes ◦ Newsolidelectrolytesforthinfilmbatteriespreparedbyanumber ofdifferenttechniques ◦ Adaptation of powerful characterization tools including syn- m o c chrotron based in-operando methods for studies of solid-state c. ntifi batteries cie ◦ In-depthcharacterizationandmodelingofthenatureofthecritical w.worldsse only. ◦ sDoelvideleolpecmtreonlytteo-feleacdtrvoadneciendterifna-cseitu and in-operando electron m wwonal u microscopymethods nloaded fro15. For pers ◦◦ AIsntdrcuvocratpnuocreraadltciaoobnminpoiotfinoseomnlitodsd-setlaintegbcaapttaebriielistieinsttoomprueldtii-cftusntrcuticotnuarel aanndd w7/ Do0/2 performanceofsolidelectrolytesandsolid-statebatteries atteries 48 on 1 ◦◦ NNeewwcseollliddeesliegcntsroilnyctoerspfoorratcionngdtuhcretieo-ndiomfelnitshioiunmal,sfltruuocrtiudree,sand B1. d State 8.187.5 ◦ Asildvvearniocends polymer electrolytes with a wide range of composi- of Soliby 7 tions,structuralmotifs,andadditivesforimprovedionicconduc- k tivityandmechanicalstability o o b nd Yet many scientific and technological challenges remain. Many a H research activities focus on the ionic transport and electrochemical reactions of a single material, yet the challenge for devices hinge on the stability and unimpeded motion of ions across interfaces betweentheelectrode-electrolyteandinsomecasesbetweenmulti- pleelectrolytes.Celldesignsutilizingthick,energydenseelectrodes with a relatively small electrolyte contact area will be particularly challenging due to the high current density. The community also needs to investigate and provide avenues for practical industrial processingandmassproduction. June18,2015 11:19 HandbookofSolidStateBatteries... (2ndEdn) 9inx6in b1801-fm pagevii Preface vii While a commercially viable solid-state battery competitive with conventional lithium-ion batteries has yet to be fully realized, we anticipate further advancements that will soon bring this exciting newtechnologytofruition. NancyJDudney OakRidgeNationalLaboratory WilliamCWest m o c NagoyaUniversity c. ntifi cie JagjitNanda w.worldsse only. OakRidgeNationalLaboratory wwal u nloaded from 15. For person 14June2015 w7/ o2 D0/ atteries 48 on 1 B1. State 187.5 d 8. of Soliby 7 k o o b d n a H May2,2013 14:6 BC:8831-ProbabilityandStatisticalTheory PST˙ws TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk m o c c. ntifi e ci w.worldsse only. wwal u m on nloaded fro15. For pers w7/ o2 D0/ atteries 48 on 1 B1. State 187.5 d 8. of Soliby 7 k o o b d n a H June18,2015 11:19 HandbookofSolidStateBatteries... (2ndEdn) 9inx6in b1801-fm pageix Contents m o c c. ntifi e ci w.worldsse only. Preface v wwal u Part1. EnablingTechniquesandFundamentals nloaded from 15. For person Chapter1. ofFInSuonSlodildaidmSEetanltetecatlSrAoylssytpeteemcstssofIonTransport 13 w7/ o2 atteries D48 on 10/ San.dR.BN.Var.aRyaatnnaank,uAmsawrinK.Manohar B1. State 187.5 Chapter2. In-situNeutronTechniquesforLithium of Solid by 78. IYounpianngdHSeoalindd-SHtaotweaRrdecWhaanrggeableBatteries 51 k o o b nd Chapter3. SynchrotronX-rayBasedOperando a H StudiesofAtomicandElectronic StructureinBatteries 79 FaisalM.AlamgirandSamsonY.Lai Chapter4. AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy—Study ofAllSolid-StateBatteries 109 ZiyingWangandYingShirleyMeng ix June18,2015 11:19 HandbookofSolidStateBatteries... (2ndEdn) 9inx6in b1801-fm pagex x Contents Chapter5. Li-ionDynamicsinSolidsasSeenVia RelaxationNMR 133 ViktorEppandMartinWilkening Chapter6. CrystallineInorganicSolidElectrolytes: ComputerSimulationsandComparisons withExperiment 191 M.D.JohannesandN.A.W.Holzwarth m o c c. ntifi Part2. NovelSolidElectrolyteSystemsandInterfaces 233 e ci w.worldsse only. Chapter7. DEleescitgrnoliyntgesSofolirdFPaocliylemLeirthCiuommpTorsaintesport wwal u andMechanicalStrength 235 m on nloaded fro15. For pers Chapter8. FWluyoatrtidEe.-TIeonnhCaeoffnadnudcStoerrgsiyKalnaus 277 w7/ o2 D0/ MunnangiAnjiReddyandMaximilianFichtner atteries 48 on 1 Chapter9. ThinFilmLithiumElectrolytes 307 B1. State 187.5 JeaCho,JaneChang,AmyPrieto d 8. andNancyDudney of Soliby 7 k Chapter10. SolidElectrode–InorganicSolid o o b ElectrolyteInterfaceforAdvanced d n Ha All-Solid-StateRechargeable LithiumBatteries 337 YasutoshiIriyamaandZempachiOgumi Chapter11. CrystallineSulfideElectrolytes forLi-SBatteries 365 GayatriSahuandChengduLiang Chapter12. Super-ionicConductingOxideElectrolytes 391 JeffSakamoto