Handbook of Social Inclusion: Research and Practices in Health and Social Sciences

2325 Pages·2022·25.807 MB·English

by  Pranee Liamputtong

Pranee Liamputtong
Editor
Handbook
of Social
Inclusion
Research and Practices in
Health and Social Sciences
Handbook of Social Inclusion
Pranee Liamputtong
Editor
Handbook of Social
Inclusion
Research and Practices in Health and
Social Sciences
With133Figuresand49Tables
Editor
PraneeLiamputtong
CollegeofHealthSciences
VinUniversity
Hanoi,Vietnam
ISBN9783030895938 ISBN9783030895945(eBook)
ISBN9783030895952(printandelectronicbundle)
https://doi.org/10.1007/9783030895945
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In loving memory of my younger daughter,
Emma Inturatana Rice, who will forever be
in my heart
Preface
The focus ofthis Handbook ison socialinclusion inhealth andsocial care. Social
inclusionstemsfromtheidealofaninclusivesocietywhereeachindividualcanfeel
valued,differencesbetweenindividualsarerespected,theneedsofeachpersonare
met, and everyone living with dignity is “the norm.” Social inclusion can explain
whysomeindividualsaresituatedatthecenterofsocietyoritsmargins,aswellas
the consequences of the social layer in society. Social inclusion refers to “a multi-
faceted construct” that embraces both a social and a physical state that leads to
experience across a spectrum of inclusion/exclusion. At the macro level, social
inclusionislinkedtoaccesstoaffordableeducation,equalemploymentopportunity
anditslegislation,aswellasgenderandculturalnorms.Atthemicrolevels,social
inclusion/exclusion is distinct from, but highly associated with, poverty, as well as
occupational status, income, and social networks relating to gender, ethnicity/race,
andreligion.Socialinclusionhasalsobeenperceivedasahealthdeterminant,which
sitsalongsideeconomicposition,housing,andeducation.Itisacrucialcomponent
ofqualityoflifeformanyindividualsbecauseitincreasestheirsenseofbelonging
andallowsthemtobecomecontributingmembersofsociety.Ithasbeensuggested
thatsocialinclusionenhancesself-esteem,confidence,mentalhealth,independence,
and decision-making capacity, which results in better well-being of many people
whoarelocatedinmarginalpositionsinthesociety.
Closely related to the concept of social inclusion is social exclusion. Social
exclusionreferstotheprocessofmarginalizingindividualsorgroupsandexcluding
them from full participation in social, economic, and political activities. Social
exclusion is marked by unequal access to capabilities, rights, and resources. It
engages at the individual, household, community, nation, and global level. Social
exclusion renders some individuals or groups socially vulnerable. Thus, these
individuals or communities are unable to prevent negative situations that impact
their lives. Several factors work to preclude some individuals and groups from
access to and use of health and social services, and from taking part in economic
activitiesandpolicycapacities.Socialfactorssuchasgender,socialclass,ethnicity,
caste,indigenousorigin,andreligion,diseasessuchastuberculosisandHIV/AIDS,
and migration and displacement status and disability are some of the marks which
peoplearemadetoexclude.
vii
viii Preface
The repercussions of social exclusion are marked. Often, it renders excluded
individuals and groups invisible and voiceless in the society in which they reside.
The consequences of social exclusion also lead to poverty, low social status, low
humancapitalendowments,restricted accesstoservicesandemployment,andlow
social participation of those who are excluded. According to the World Health
Organization, social exclusion is one of the main social determinants of health.
Evidence of its impact on health and well-being is copious. Research has revealed
that individuals who are socially disconnected from others have between two and
fivetimestheriskofdyingfromallcauses,comparedtopeoplewhohavestrongties
with family, friends, and community. Those who receive less social and emotional
supportaremorelikelytoexperiencemoredepression.
AsthereaderwillseeinthisHandbook,certainindividualsandgroupsareoften
socially excluded from mainstream society. These include homeless persons,
inmates, drug users, and sex workers. They have considerably higher rates of
disease, injury, and premature death than the general population. Ethnic minorities
haveoftenbeenexcludedthroughcovertandovertdiscriminationinaccess,policies,
or regulations. Tribal and indigenous peoples hold lower social status and have
limitedvoiceandpoorhealthoutcomes.Refugeesareoftensexuallyabusedandthus
theirhumanrightsareviolated.Peoplelivingwithdisabilitiesaresubjectedtosocial
(and even familial) prejudice, stigma, and discrimination. Recent research has
revealedthatstigmaexperiencedbypeoplelivingwithepilepsy(PWE)contributes
to a decrease in social contact and social capital, and lower quality of life, but
increasedlevelsofpsychopathology.
Ithasbeenarguedthataddressingthedilemmaofsocialexclusionisamoraland
ethicalpriorityaroundtheglobe.Thereductionofsocialexclusioncanbeachieved
by socialinclusion, which can be planned. There are some markers ofinclusion to
benchmarkprogress.Theseincludefreedomfromfear,freedomfromstigmatization,
availabilityofresources,andaccesstoinformation,health,andsocialcare.Thereare
programs and interventions that can enhance social inclusion in disadvantaged
groups.ThesearediscussedinthisHandbook.
Methodologically,topromotesocialinclusionandreducesocialexclusion,inclu
sive research methodologies must be embraced. The term inclusive research was
coined by Walmsley and Johnson in 2003 and used prominently in the field of
learningdisabilityresearch.WalmsleyandJohnsonusethetermtoembracevarious
researchapproacheswhichhavetraditionallybeentermed“participatory,”“action,”
or “emancipatory.” Inclusive research embraces typical terrain with qualitative
research, particularly the concern with grounding research in the perceptions and
experiences of research participants. The term inclusive research can be adopted
acrossdisciplinesandresearchfieldswithintheparadigmofsocialinclusion.Hence,
in this Handbook, research and examples that are perceived as inclusive research
methodswillbeincluded.
The Handbook covers a wide range of issues pertaining to the social inclusion
paradigm. These include the theoretical frameworks that social inclusion can be
situatedwithin,researchmethodologiesandethicalconsideration,researchmethods
that enhance social inclusion (participatory action research and inclusive research
Preface ix
methods), issues and research that promote social inclusion in different communi-
ties/individuals, and programs and interventions that would lead to more social
inclusion in society. The aims and scope of the book are to provide discussions
about(1)socialinclusionandsocialexclusionindifferentsocieties;(2)theoriesthat
are linked to social inclusion and exclusion; (3) discussions about issues and
research with diverse groups of vulnerable and marginalized individuals and com-
munities;(4)inclusiveresearchmethodsthatpromotesocialinclusionofvulnerable
andmarginalizedgroupsofpeople;(5)researchmethodologiesthatenhancesocial
inclusion;and(6)discussionsregardingprogramsandinterventionsthatcanleadto
moresocialinclusionofvulnerableandmarginalizedpeople.
TheHandbookisdividedintosevensectionstocoverthefieldofsocialinclusion
comprehensively. Each section is dedicated to a particular perspective relating to
social inclusion as indicated in the points given above. The reader or user of this
Handbook will learn about concepts of social inclusion/exclusion and theories
relating to social inclusion/exclusion. The reader will also learn about research
methodologies and programs/interventions that can enhance social inclusion in
different population groups. As examples from the research are included in this
Handbook, the reader will be able to see the real-life situations that can promote
social inclusion in different groups that they can adopt in their own work. A good
understandingofmattersthatcanincludeorexcludepeopleinthesocietymaylead
tosensitive health andsocialcare for vulnerable andmarginalized groups that will
ultimatelyleadtotheattemptat“noonewillbeleftbehind”insociety.
In bringing this Handbook to life, I owe my sincere gratitude to many people.
First,Iwouldliketoexpressmythankstoallcontributors,manyofwhomworked
hard to deliver their chapters within the time frame that I set. I thank Janet Kim,
Mokshika Gaur, Tina Shelton, Divya Nithyanandam, and Shobeya Sweetlin James
of Springer who helped to bring it to fruition. I thank the reviewers who kindly
agreed to review a number of chapters in the Handbook. I greatly appreciate their
assistance.Thisbookisdedicatedtomyyoungerdaughter,EmmaInturatanaRice,
who physically left us behind in late 2018, but is still present in our lives and our
heart.Iforeverloveyou,mylittleone.
Hanoi,Vietnam PraneeLiamputtong
May2022 Editor
Contents
Volume 1
1 SocialInclusion,Research,andPracticesintheHealthand
SocialSciences ........................................ 1
PraneeLiamputtong
PartI TowardSocialInclusioninResearchandPractices:
TheoreticalBackgrounds ................................... 19
2 SocialInclusionandSocialDeterminantsofHealth ........... 21
RaynerKayJinTan
3 SocialCapitalandSocialInclusion ........................ 43
PraneeLiamputtong,ZoeSanipreeyaRice,and
DusaneeSuwankhong
4 TowardsSocialInclusion,SocialJustice,andHealthEquity .... 59
SharonYanicki
5 SocialInclusionandHumanRights ....................... 93
AnnTaket
6 Stigma,Discrimination,andSocialExclusion ............... 113
PraneeLiamputtongandZoeSanipreeyaRice
7 CulturalHumilityandSocialInclusion .................... 129
VivianChávez
8 SocialInclusionandCulturalCompetence .................. 145
TinasheDune,RobynWilliams,KimMcLeod,RoccoCavaleri,and
AlexWorkman
9 TheCapabilitiesApproachandSocialInclusion ............. 169
ChristopherA.Riddle
xi
xii Contents
10 UnderstandingandAdvancingOccupationalJusticeand
SocialInclusion ....................................... 181
GailE.Whiteford,TraceyParnell,LilyRamsden,MelissaNott,and
SuzanneVine-Daher
11 TheEmpathyFrameworkandSocialInclusion .............. 211
EricLeake
12 Abundance,ResilienceandTrust ......................... 227
DerekCook
13 CulturalSafetyandSocialInclusion ....................... 251
PaulineB.Thompson
14 DigitalInclusion ...................................... 265
AndyNguyen
15 Co-researchwithPeoplewithMentalHealthChallenges ....... 281
RebeccaSpies,PriscillaEnnals,RebeccaEgan,PhilippaHemus,
KathrynDroppert,MichaelTidhar,MagentaSimmons,Sarah
Bendall,TomWood,andKateLessing
PartII SocialInclusion:MethodologicalandEthical
Considerations ........................................... 309
16 TheMessyRealitiesofInclusiveResearch .................. 311
AlanArmstrong,AnneCollis,andJanWalmsley
17 QualitativeInquiryandInclusiveResearch ................. 329
PraneeLiamputtongandZoeSanipreeyaRice
18 SociallyInclusiveFoundationsofStatistics ................. 349
DanJ.Spitzner
19 TheChallengesofDefiningandMeasuringSocialInclusion .... 373
ReinieCordierandRobynMartin
20 MixedMethodsResearchandSocialInclusion .............. 395
CaraMeixnerandDanJ.Spitzner
21 ArtsandMixedMethodsResearchforSocialInclusion ....... 415
MandyM.Archibald
22 SocialInclusionThroughTrauma-andViolence-Informed
Research:AFocusonSurvivorsofViolence ................ 429
DianneLalonde,RobertNonomura,JassamineTabibi,LindaBaker,
andMarikaMorris
23 ResearcherswithanIntellectualDisability .................. 461
BrigitMirfin-Veitch,PatsieFrawley,andPaulMilner