Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques PDF
Preview Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques
Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques Phillip Lerche BVSc PhD DipACVAA Associate Professor – Clinical Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus, Ohio, USA Turi K. Aarnes DVM MS DipACVAA Associate Professor – Clinical Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus, Ohio, USA Gwen Covey-Crump BVetMed CertVA DipECVAA MRCVS Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Clinical Teacher Langford Veterinary Services University of Bristol Bristol, UK Fernando Martinez Taboada LV CertVA DipECVAA MRCVS Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia The Veterinary Teaching Hospital Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney, Australia This edition fi rst published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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Main cover image: with permission from The Ohio State University Set in 9/12pt Meridien LT Std by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2016 Contents 1 Introduction, 1 Reasons to provide regional anesthesia, 2 History of regional anesthesia/analgesia, 3 Principles of the major techniques, 3 Local anesthetic drugs, 4 Additives to local anesthetics, 6 Equipment, 7 Syringes, 7 Needles, 7 Epidural catheter kits, 8 Nerve locators, 8 Differential pressure transducer, 9 Acoustic device, 9 Complications and contraindications, 9 Local, 10 Systemic, 10 Species differences and considerations, 10 Safe practice, 11 Gaining confi dence, 11 Making a plan, 11 References, 11 Further reading, 12 2 Cutaneous Innervation Index, 13 Cutaneous innervation index, 14 Canine dermatomes Body, 14 Head, 15 Thoracic limb, 16 Pelvic limb, 18 v vi Contents 3 Infi ltration Blocks, 21 Infi ltration for mass removal, 22 Line and ring blocks, 22 Inverted “L” block, 24 Block of the surgical incision, 26 Single injection of the surgical incision , 26 Diffusion catheter/“soaker” catheter/“pain buster”, 28 Intercostal blocks, 30 Interpleural block (also known as intrapleural or pleural), 32 Intraperitoneal block, 34 References, 35 4 Blocks of the Head, 37 Retrobulbar, 38 Maxillary, 40 Infraorbital, 42 Mandibular (or inferior alveolar), 44 Mental (or middle mental), 46 Auriculotemporal and great auricular, 48 References, 52 5 Regional Anesthetic Blocks of the Limbs, 53 Thoracic limb regional anesthetic blocks, 54 Brachial plexus, 56 Paravertebral: C6–T1, 58 RUMM (radial/ulnar/median/musculocutaneous), 60 Bier block (intravenous regional anesthesia), 62 Pelvic limb, 64 Femoral/saphenous nerve block, 66 Sciatic nerve block, 70 References, 74 6 Epidurals and Spinals, 75 Lumbosacral epidural and spinal in dogs, 76 Lumbosacral epidural in cats, 78 Caudal epidural in dogs and cats, 80 References, 82 7 Emergency Procedures, 83 Complications associated with local anesthetic techniques, 84 Bleeding, 84 Nerve trauma, 84 Contents vii Complications associated with local anesthetic drugs, 84 Allergic reactions to local anesthetic drugs, 84 Methemoglobinemia, 85 Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics, 85 Cardiovascular toxicity, 85 References, 88 Further reading, 88 Index, 89
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