Handbook of seed physiology: applications to agriculture PDF
Preview Handbook of seed physiology: applications to agriculture
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold Rodolfo A. Sánchez Editors Handbook of Seed Physiology Applications to Agriculture Pre-publication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . . “Thisisaveryinterestingandtimely Severalofthesetopicshavenotbeen book on seed physiology as it comprehensively reviewed in recent appliestoagriculture.Therangeoftop- times, making this an important and ics is broad, but they fit neatly under valuableadditiontotheseedliterature. There is much to be learned from the several general headings: (1) the rela- chapters,asmightbeanticipatedgiven tionship between seeds and the soil thequalityandexpertiseoftheauthors. in which they are planted, and strate- Thereviewsrelatedtoseedbehaviorare gies to improve seed performance in particularly interesting since this area the field; (2) behavior of seeds in the hasrarelybeencoveredinotherbooks field,emphasizingproblemsassociated onseeds.Eachchaptercontainsavery withdormancy,andlackofdormancy; complete set of references, which is a (3)problemsassociatedwithseedsthat usefulguidetofurtherreading.Manyof can and cannot be stored in the dry thechapterswillbeextensivelyquoted foryearstocome.” state;and(4)theusesofcommercially important seeds in an industrial con- J. Derek Bewley, PhD textandthefactorsthatinfluencetheir Professor of Botany, quality. University of Guelph, Canada More pre-publication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . . “Seeds are the beginning and the “Asthetitleindicates,Handbookof end of most agricultural prac- SeedPhysiology:ApplicationstoAg- tices. The ways in which seeds func- riculture updates several areas of seed tion—their physiology, biochemistry, biology and physiology related to the molecular biology, and genetics—are agriculturalandindustrialuseofseeds. critically important for agricultural Thebookisdividedintofoursections success. But it is not only their use to thatcovergerminationandcropestab- humankind that makes seeds impor- lishment,theeffectsofseeddormancy tant objects for study; their biological properties, as agents for transmitting in crop production and quality, seed thelegacyofonegenerationtothenext, longevity and conservation, and fac- havelongstimulatedtheintellectand tors associated with seed quality and investigative zeal of scientists. industrial uses of seeds. Theeditorshavejudiciouslychosen Thisbook coversasignificantpor- areasthatreflectallofseedbiologyand tion of current research related to the havecompiledanexpert,authoritative quality of seeds for both propagation team of seed scientists to write about andutilization.Thereisagoodmixof them.Thistextbringstogetheranexcit- physiological,genetic,biochemical,and ingcollectionofarticlescoveringvirtu- modelingapproachesthatareapplied allyallofseedphysiologyimportantto to seed development, dormancy, ger- agriculture,fromseedgermination,seed mination, and composition. The inte- performance,andseedlingestablishment gration of various levels of organiza- to dormancy, weedseeds, storage and tion to understand how seeds behave longevity, and quality of cereals and in agricultural situations is an overall oilseeds.Theinformationisuptodate, theme of the book. The coverage in complete,andcomprehensive.Thebook thesechaptersoffersenoughdetailfor shouldattractandsatisfyagricultural- thebooktobeusedingraduatecourses ists, seed scientists, and workers and inthesetopics,andalsoallowsexperts students in related areas of biology. I toupdatetheirknowledgeofthecur- warmlyrecommendthisabsorbingcom- rent status of related fields.” pendiumfor your study.” Kent J. Bradford, PhD Michael Black, PhD Professor, Department of Vegetable Crops, Emeritus Professor, Director, Seed Biotechnology Center, King’s College, University of London, UK University of California, Davis More pre-publication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . . “Thistextiscomprisedofthirteen chapters on such topics as soil physics and tillage, seedbed prepara- tion, grain quality for (human) food and(animal)feed,cropemergenceand establishment,seedimprovement,dor- mancy,andstorage.Thistextisavalu- ableandworthwhilecontributiontothe literature on seed physiology. Indeed, theHandbookofSeedPhysiology:Applica- tionstoAgriculturedeliversone’sexpec- tations from the title. Thebook’svalueisinthebreadthof topics, authored by respectiveexperts intheirfields,directedtowardtheagri- culturalapplicationsofthisknowledge, and brought together in one volume. This book is an excellent route into what one might term seed agronomy forappliedphysiologists.Itwillbepar- ticularlyvaluableformaster’scourses and other postgraduate teaching.” Richard Ellis, BSc, PhD Professor of Crop Physiology, Head of the School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Reading, UK Food Products Press® The Haworth Reference Press Imprints of The Haworth Press, Inc. New York • London • Oxford NOTES FOR PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY USERS ThisisanoriginalbooktitlepublishedbyFoodProductsPress®and The Haworth Reference Press, imprints of The Haworth Press, Inc. Unlessotherwisenotedinspecificchapterswithattribution,materials inthisbookhavenotbeenpreviouslypublishedelsewhereinanyfor- mat or language. CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION NOTES Allbookspublished byTheHaworthPress,Inc.anditsimprintsare printedoncertifiedpHneutral,acid-freebookgradepaper.Thispa- permeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNationalStandard forInformation Sciences-Permanence ofPaperforPrintedMaterial, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Handbook of Seed Physiology Applications to Agriculture FOOD PRODUCTS PRESS Seed Biology, Production, and Technology Amarjit S. Basra, PhD Senior Editor Heterosis and Hybrid Seed Production in Agronomic Crops edited by Amarjit S. Basra Seed Storage of Horticultural Cropsby S. D. Doijode Handbook of Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture edited by Roberto L. Benech-Arnold and Rodolfo A. Sánchez New, Recent, and Forthcoming Titles of Related Interest: Wheat: Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination edited by Emilio H. Satorre and Gustavo A. Slafer Hybrid Seed Production in Vegetables: Rationale and Methods in Selected Cropsedited by Amarjit S. Basra Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding and Related Subjects by Rolf H. J. Schlegel Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System edited by D. K. Benbi and R. Nieder Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems, Second Editionby Miguel A. Altieri and Clara I. Nichols Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees edited by Sandeep Kumar and Matthias Fladung Concise Encyclopedia of Plant Pathologyby P. Vidhyasekaran Agrometeorology: Principles and Applications of Climate Studies in Agricultureby Harpal S. Mavi and Graeme J. Tupper Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approachesedited by Muhammad Ashraf and Philip John Charles Harris Handbook of Seed Physiology Applications to Agriculture Roberto L. Benech-Arnold Rodolfo A. Sánchez Editors Food Products Press® The Haworth Reference Press Imprints of The Haworth Press, Inc. New York • London • Oxford Published by Food Products Press® and The Haworth Reference Press, imprints of The Haworth Press, Inc., 10AliceStreet,Binghamton,NY13904-1580. ©2004byTheHaworthPress,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedor utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilm, andrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Cover design by Marylouise E. Doyle. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbookofseedphysiology:applicationstoagriculture/RobertoL.Benech-Arnold,RodolfoA. Sánchez, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56022-928-4 (Case : alk. paper)—ISBN 1-56022-929-2 (Soft : alk. paper) 1. Seeds—Physiology. 2. Seed technology. I. Benech-Arnold, Roberto L. II. Sánchez, RodolfoA. SB117.H27 2004 631.5'21—dc22 2003021276 CONTENTS AbouttheEditors xi Contributors xiii Preface xv SECTION I: GERMINATION IN THE SOIL AND STAND ESTABLISHMENT Chapter 1. Seedbed Preparation—The Soil Physical Environment of Germinating Seeds 3 Amos Hadas Introduction 3 Environmental Requirements of Germinating Seed 5 Soil Environment—Physical Aspects 9 Seedbed Preparation, Characterization of Seedbed Attributes, and Seedbed Environment Conditions and Seed Germination 20 Water Uptake by Seeds and Seedlings 24 Seed-Soil Water Relationships 27 Modeling Seed Germination and Seedbed Physical Attributes 29 Concluding Remarks 36 Chapter 2. The Use of Population-Based Threshold Models to Describe and Predict the Effects of Seedbed Environment on Germination and Seedling Emergence of Crops 51 William E. Finch-Savage Introduction 51 Imbibition 54 Germination 56 Other Germination Models 72 Postgermination Seedling Growth 72 Threshold Models: Prediction of Germination and Emergence Patterns in the Field 74
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