Handbook of Research on Economic and Social Impacts of Population Aging Yilmaz Bayar Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey A volume in the Advances in Human Services and Public Health (AHSPH) Book Series Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bayar, Yilmaz, 1977- editor. Title: Handbook of research on economic and social impacts of population aging / Yilmaz Bayar, editor. Description: Hershey : Information Science Reference, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book looks at the increases in global wealth and the developments in the field of health that have led to decreases in mortality rates but increases in life expectancy and investigates the economic and social impacts of population ageing”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021013843 (print) | LCCN 2021013844 (ebook) | ISBN 9781799873273 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781799873297 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Population aging--Economic aspects. | Population aging--Social aspects. | Longevity--Economic aspects. | Economic development--Social aspects. Classification: LCC HQ1061 .H33653 2021 (print) | LCC HQ1061 (ebook) | DDC 305.26--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021013843 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021013844 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Human Services and Public Health (AHSPH) (ISSN: 2475-6571; eISSN: 2475-658X) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected]. Advances in Human Services and Public Health (AHSPH) Book Series Jennifer Martin RMIT University, Australia ISSN:2475-6571 EISSN:2475-658X Mission The well-being of the general public should be a primary concern for any modern civilization. Ongo- ing research in the field of human services and public healthcare is necessary to evaluate, manage, and respond to the health and social needs of the global population. The Advances in Human Services and Public Health (AHSPH) book series aims to publish high-quality reference publications focused on the latest methodologies, tools, issues, and strategies for managing the health and social welfare of the public. The AHSPH book series will be especially rel- evant for healthcare professionals, policy makers, government officials, and students seeking the latest research in this field. Coverage • Medicare and Medicaid IGI Global is currently accepting manuscripts • Public Welfare for publication within this series. 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No part of this series may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom teaching purposes. The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global. Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-human-services- public-health/102256 Examining Gun Regulations, Warning Behaviors, and Policies to Prevent Mass Shootings Selina E.M. 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Lithuania GrigorisZarotiadis,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece List of Contributors Akad, Ipek /Bitlis Eren University, Turkey........................................................................................52 Akarsu, Gülsüm /Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey.....................................................................149 Alper, Ali Eren/Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey..........................................................320 Alper, Fındık Özlem/Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey..................................................320 Aslam, Mohamed /University of Malaya, Malaysia..........................................................................67 Bawazir, Abdullah Abdulaziz/University of Malaya, Malaysia.......................................................67 Bayar, Yilmaz /Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey..............................................................87 Bıdırdı, Hanife /Kocaeli University, Turkey....................................................................................149 Cafrı Açcı, Reyhan /Iskenderun Technical University, Turkey.......................................................149 Caleiro, António Bento/Universidade de Évora, Portugal.............................................................199 Ćirović, Dragana /University of Montenegro, Montenegro...............................................................17 Egilmez, Ozum /Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Turkey...............................................................302 Haque, Adnan ul/Yorkville University, Canada........................................................................39,119 Jakšić Stojanović, Anđela /University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro.............................................17 Kaplan, Mitchell Alan/Independent Researcher, USA.......................................................................1 Karamikli, Aysun /Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey........................................................87 Kiziltan, Anna /Onbes Kasim Cyprus University, Turkey...............................................................172 Kiziltan, Mustafa /Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey.............................................................................................................................................97 Koca, Gozde /Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Turkey...................................................................302 Melović, Boban /University of Montenegro, Montenegro..................................................................17 Micsa, Adriana Elena/University Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania....................................................246 Nair, Sree Lekshmi Sreekumaran/University of Wales Trinity Saint David, UK..........................119 Osman, Ahmad Farid/University of Malaya, Malaysia...................................................................67 Özaytürk, Gürçem /Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey...................................................320 Ozturk, Omer Faruk/Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Usak University, Turkey...........................................................................................................................................138 Rao, Bismah /Iqra University, Pakistan...........................................................................................119 Tosun, Petek /MEF University, Turkey............................................................................................221 Trad, Antoine /IBISTM, France......................................................................................................271 Vukčević, Milica /University of Montenegro, Montenegro................................................................17 Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 TheSocialEffectsofClimateChangeontheHealthOutcomesofVulnerableOlderAdult PopulationsintheGlobalCommunity....................................................................................................1 Mitchell Alan Kaplan, Independent Researcher, USA Chapter 2 BehaviorofOlderConsumersintheDigitalAgeandCreatingMarketingStrategies:Mature PopulationasPartofCustomer4.0.......................................................................................................17 Boban Melović, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Dragana Ćirović, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Milica Vukčević, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Anđela Jakšić Stojanović, University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro Chapter 3 TheAgeandTimeofNoRetirement:GlobalLensExploringtheSocialandEconomicImpactof Aging.....................................................................................................................................................39 Adnan ul Haque, Yorkville University, Canada Chapter 4 PopulationAgingandHumanCapital:EvidenceFromCountriesWithDifferentIncomeLevels......52 Ipek Akad, Bitlis Eren University, Turkey Chapter 5 TheImpactofPopulationAgingonEconomicGrowth:PanelDataEvidencefromMiddleEast Countries...............................................................................................................................................67 Abdullah Abdulaziz Bawazir, University of Malaya, Malaysia Mohamed Aslam, University of Malaya, Malaysia Ahmad Farid Osman, University of Malaya, Malaysia Chapter 6 PopulationAgingandEconomicGrowthinEUMemberStates..........................................................87 Yilmaz Bayar, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey Aysun Karamikli, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey Chapter 7 TheEffectsofPopulationAgingandLifeExpectancyonEconomicGrowth:TheCaseof EmergingMarketEconomies................................................................................................................97 Mustafa Kiziltan, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey Chapter 8 AgingPopulation:SocialandEconomicConcernsandComplexitiesDuringCOVID-19................119 Sree Lekshmi Sreekumaran Nair, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, UK Bismah Rao, Iqra University, Pakistan Adnan ul Haque, Yorkville University, Canada Chapter 9 PopulationAgingandHealthExpendituresinEUMemberStates:APanelCausalityAnalysis......138 Omer Faruk Ozturk, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Usak University, Turkey Chapter 10 AgingandConsumptionPatternsinTurkey:AnalysisBasedonRegionalData...............................149 Reyhan Cafrı Açcı, Iskenderun Technical University, Turkey Gülsüm Akarsu, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey Hanife Bıdırdı, Kocaeli University, Turkey Chapter 11 TheNexusBetweenPopulationAging,InternationalTrade,ForeignDirectInvestment,and EconomicGrowthinG20Countries:APanelVectorAutoregressiveAnalysis................................172 Anna Kiziltan, Onbes Kasim Cyprus University, Turkey Chapter 12 OntheSocio-EconomicImpactsoftheDifferenceBetweenHealthyandSickAging......................199 António Bento Caleiro, Universidade de Évora, Portugal Chapter 13 ExploringElderlyCustomer-EmployeeRapportinServices:ManagerialandSocialImplications..221 Petek Tosun, MEF University, Turkey Chapter 14 AppreciationsfortheRoleofSensorsinEverydayLifeAgainsttheAgingPopulation....................246 Adriana Elena Micsa, University Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania Chapter 15 TheSocietalTransformationFrameworkAppliedtoAnalysetheEvolutionofDemographicsin theMediterraneanAreaforGeopoliticalAnalysis(EDMA4GA)......................................................271 Antoine Trad, IBISTM, France Chapter 16 HowtoAgeSuccessfully:AnalyzingDriversviaFuzzyBWMApproach........................................302 Ozum Egilmez, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Turkey Gozde Koca, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Turkey Chapter 17 DoesPopulationAgingAffectIncomeInequality?............................................................................320 Gürçem Özaytürk, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Ali Eren Alper, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Fındık Özlem Alper, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Compilation of References...............................................................................................................336 About the Contributors....................................................................................................................377 Index...................................................................................................................................................381 Detailed Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 TheSocialEffectsofClimateChangeontheHealthOutcomesofVulnerableOlderAdult PopulationsintheGlobalCommunity....................................................................................................1 Mitchell Alan Kaplan, Independent Researcher, USA Aslifeexpectancyratescontinuetoincreaseandfertilityratescontinuetodeclinegloballyinthe21st century,thedemographicsofagingpopulationsareundergoinganunprecedentedchangethatwillhave significantconsequencesforthehealthoutcomesofolderadults-at-risk.Accordingtodemographicdata inajointreportauthoredbyfivefederalagencies,8.5%oftheworld’spopulationiscurrentlyage65and older,afigureprojectedtodoubleby2050.Thischapterpresentsananalysisoftheimpactofclimate changeonthehealthoutcomesofagingpopulationsworldwide.Itexamineshowthecollaborativeefforts ofthefederalgovernmentandthepublichealthsystemcanbeutilizedtocreatepoliciesandprograms thatcanprepareagingcommunitiestodealeffectivelywiththehealthconsequencesofourchanging environment. Chapter 2 BehaviorofOlderConsumersintheDigitalAgeandCreatingMarketingStrategies:Mature PopulationasPartofCustomer4.0.......................................................................................................17 Boban Melović, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Dragana Ćirović, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Milica Vukčević, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Anđela Jakšić Stojanović, University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro Whilepopulationagingisalogicalconsequenceofdemographictransitions,marketingmanagers areincreasinglyfocusingontheneedsorproblemsofolderconsumers.Namely,inmodernbusiness conditions,marketingmanagersmustkeepinmindthatolderconsumers,especiallythosewhoarenot retiredyet,areaveryvaluableandattractivetargetgroupintermsofconsumption.Inthischapter,the authorsanalyzehowdemographicfactorsaswellasdigitalenvironmentfactorsdeterminethebehavior ofolderconsumers(i.e.,theextenttowhicholderconsumersmaybemarkedasCustomer4.0)and whethertheirattitudesandpurchasebehaviorinfluencethecreationofmarketingstrategies.