Handbook of Regional Conflict Resolution Initiatives in the Global South

373 Pages·2022·6.405 MB·English

by  Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo

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Handbook of Regional Con ict
Resolution Initiatives in
the Global South
During the first half of the twentieth century, the international system was largely dominated by the
USAandthecolonialpowersofwesternEurope.Afterthetwoworldwars,thepoliticalandeconomic
dominanceofthesestatesguaranteedthemandtheiralliesanalmostcompletecontrolofworldpolitics.
However, as it is the norm in the international system, power structures are not immutable. After the
end ofthe Cold War,rapid changestothe existing internationalhierarchies took place, asnew coun-
tries from the so-called “developing world” began to emerge as crucial actors capable of questioning
andalteringthepowerdynamicsoftheworld.Itisthereforeunthinkabletoignoreemergingcountries
such as Russia, the People’s Republic of China, India, Brazil or South Africa in the decision-making
processintoday’sworldorder.
In addition, there is a group of smaller, yet increasingly important countries that, while acknowl-
edging their inability radically to change the rules of the international system, are still eager to shift
power relations and enhance their influence in the world. Argentina, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia,
Iran, South Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Vietnam are generally
recognisedaspartofthisgroupingofemergingpowersfromtheGlobalSouth.
While there is a consensus among academics that emerging powers from the Global South must
haveastabilisingrolewithintheirownregions,previousanalyseshavefocusedprimarilyontheimpact
that emerging powers have had in their own regions’ conflict resolution initiatives. This volume,
instead, aimsto gobeyond these analysesandprovide newinsights regardingthe effect thatthis stabi-
lisingrolehasonthecontinentalandglobalpositioningofemergingpowers.Inotherwords,thisbook
explores the relation between a country’s involvement in conflict resolution initiatives and its posi-
tioninginthe internationalsystem.Thevolume willcontributetothisapproachusing theperspective
of academics and practitioners from countries of the Global South, particularly from states that have
strengthened – or sometimes weakened – their position in the international hierarchy of power
throughaleadingroleinregionalconflictresolutioninitiatives.
Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo has a PhD in geography from the University of Cape Town in South
Africa, MAin internationalrelations at ajoint programmebetween the Colombian DiplomaticAcad-
emy,theUniversidadExternadodeColombiaandtheUniversitédeParísIIISorbonneNouvelle,and
a BA in government and international relations at the Universidad Externado de Colombia. He is
director of the Observatory for the Analysis of International Systems (OASIS) at the Universidad
ExternadodeColombiaandthegeneraleditorofthejournalOASIS.Heisthesecretary-generalofthe
Latin American Association for Asian and African Studies (ALADAA) and a founding member of the
LatinAmericanNetworkofAfricanists(REDAAL).
Europa International Perspectives
Providing in-depth analysis with a global reach, this series from Europa examines a wide range
of contemporary political, economic, developmental and social issues in international perspec-
tive. Intended to complement the Europa Regional Surveys of the World series and The
Europa Directory of International Organizations, Europa International Perspectives will be an
invaluable resource for academics, students, researchers, policymakers, business people and
anyonewithaninterestincurrentworldaffairswithanemphasisoninternationalorganizations
and issues.
WhileTheEuropaWorldYearBookanditsassociatedEuropaRegionalSurveysinformon
and analyse contemporary economic, political and social developments, the Editors considered
the need for more in-depth volumes written or edited by specialists in their field, in order to
delve into particular regional situations. Volumes in the series are not constrained by any par-
ticular template, but may explore recent political, economic, regional and international
relations, social, defence, or other issues in order to increase knowledge.
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Handbook of Regional Conflict Resolution Initiatives in the Global South
Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo
Handbook of Regional
fl
Con ict Resolution
Initiatives in
the Global South
Edited by Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo
Coverimage:©Shutterstock
Firstpublished2023
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byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
List of illustrations viii
List of contributors ix
Acknowledgements xvi
1 Introduction: Going South 1
Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo
PARTI
Theories of conflict resolution and international positioning in
the Global South 7
2 Emerging powers: A radical change in the global hierarchy of power 9
Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo and Juliana Andrea Guzmán-Cárdenas
3 Conflict resolution and positioning in the global power hierarchy 25
Jerónimo Delgado-Caicedo, Juliana Andrea Guzmán-Cárdenas and
Lucía Fillippo-Aguillón
PARTII
The Middle East and North Africa 41
4 Saudi Arabia and security in the Middle East: New challenges
and opportunities 43
Mohamed Badine El Yattioui and Yassine El Yattioui
5 The regional (in)security of Iran: Reconstruction, stability and
nuclear power 59
Marcela Álvarez-Pérez and Nathalia Torres-Crespo
6 Turkey: From successful mediator to partisan actor – back to
successful mediator? 76
Ekrem Eddy Güzeldere
Contents
7 Algeria: An emerging power in regional conflict resolution initiatives 91
Laurence-Aïda Ammour
PARTIII
South and East Asia 111
8 India–Pakistan: Intractable conflict 113
Soraya Caro-Vargas and Kelly Johana Arévalo-Franco
9 Constructive engagement: Conflict resolution with
Chinese characteristics 131
Kwok Chung Wong, Guanhui Jin and Fujian Li
PARTIV
Eastern Europe 145
10 The emergence of Azerbaijan as a regional power: Between tensions
and neutrality 147
Kelly Chaib De Mares and Soraya Caro-Vargas
11 Perceptions of the role of Belarus in the Ukrainian conflict and the
impact on the international system 171
Francisco Daniel Trejos-Mateus, Erli Margarita Marín-Aranguren and
Kelly Johana Arévalo-Franco
PARTV
Sub-Saharan Africa 191
12 The shining black star of Africa: The tale of Ghana in conflict resolution 193
Afua Boatemaa Yakohene and Juliana Abena Appiah
13 Implications of Ethiopia’s engagement in conflict resolution initiatives in
the Horn of Africa on its global positioning 211
Kuruvilla Mathews and Adane Alemayehu Tadesse
14 Foreign policy imperatives of Nigeria’s engagement in conflict resolution
in Africa 231
Chibueze Nna-Emeka Okereke
15 Kenya’s regional leadership in peace diplomacy: A case study of the
Somalia peace process 250
Paul Odhiambo Odongo
vi
Contents
16 Constructive diplomacy, quiet diplomacy, diplomatic Pan-Africanism and
South Africa’s many approaches to conflict mediation in Africa:
An assessment 264
Mopeli L. Moshoeshoe and Amy Niang
PARTVI
Latin America 283
17 Brazil and Venezuela’s migration crisis: Dealing with a regional
emergency in a time of national crisis 285
Maurício Santoro Rocha, Maiara Folly and Tássio Franchi
18 Emerging middle powers versus peripheral leadership: Argentina and the
Malvinas (Falkland) Islands under the Kirchner administration
(2010–2015) 301
Juan E. Battaleme Martínez
19 Mexico’s role as a middle power: From diplomatic activism to
commercial foreign policy 319
Luis Ochoa-Bilbao, Myrna Rodríguez Añuez and Juan Pablo Prado Lallande
20 Chile and regional peace: A rising power gamble? 331
María Teresa Aya-Smitmans
Index 343
vii
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Real and expected GDP growth in the United States and BRICS countries
(1990–2024). 10
2.2 Real and expected GDP in advanced economies, and emerging market and
developing economies (1990–2024). 11
18.1 Economic status of Argentina inside the region. 310
Tables
11.1 Democracy, human rights and governance in Belarus. 176
11.2 Media records about Belarus as a regional power. 179
12.1 PeaceoperationsthattheGhanaianGAF,policepersonnel,correctionalofficers
and civilians have been involved in. 202
14.1 Nigerian force commanders in multinational peacekeeping missions in Africa. 245
20.1 Peacekeeping/building operations with Chilean participation. 337
Contributors
Marcela Álvarez-Pérez is a PhD candidate in the Creation and Culture Theory programme
atUniversidaddelasAméricasPuebla.MAinAsianandAfricanstudies,withaspecialtyinthe
Middle East, from El Colegio de México. She also holds an MA in United States Studies from
theUniversidaddelasAméricasPuebla,whereshegotherBAininternationalrelations.Sheis
amemberofthePhiBetaDeltaHonourSocietyforInternationalScholarsandtheRegionalism,
Social Development and Borders (REDESFRO) Network. She is a professor in the
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
Laurence-Aïda Ammour has an MA in sociology and anthropology in the Université de
ParisX–Nanterre.Also,sheholdsanMAinSecuritéInternationaleetDéfenseoftheGrenoble
II Faculté de Droit. She is an Algerian sociologist and analyst in international security and
defence affairs with 20 years of experience. Her areas of expertise include strategic analyses on
North Africa (Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Western Sahara and Sinai), Sahara-Sahel and
West Africa. Her analyses are led along a trans-disciplinary approach, crossing history, sociol-
ogy, geopolitics and international relations, including states’ perceptions, ideology, political
culture, and military and defined affairs.
Juliana Abena Appiah has a PhD in international relations from the Legon Centre for
International Affairs and Diplomacy (LECIAD), University of Ghana, and an MPhil and BA
from the University of Ghana. She is a senior research fellow at the Legon Centre of Interna-
tionalAffairsandDiplomacy(LECIAD),UniversityofGhana,Legon,wheresheteachesAfrica
in world politics, regionalism and regional integration and research methodology. She had a
post-doctoral fellowship with the University of Cape Town, South Africa in 2015, where she
learnt to develop courses in international affairs and regional integration specifically. She has
also benefitted from training and workshops with the African Union and is an avid writer in
regional integration in Africa.
Kelly Johana Arévalo-Franco has an MA in international relations from the Central Eur-
opeanUniversityandanMAindevelopmentmanagementfromtheUniversidadExternadode
Colombia. She is a professor and researcher in South Asian studies in the School of Finance,
Government, and International Relations at the Universidad Externado de Colombia. She
teaches contemporary Indian studies and international relations. Arevalo’s main research interests
are India, South Asia, emerging powers and economic corridors.
María Teresa Aya-Smitmans is a PhD candidate in political studies from the University
Externado of Colombia, with a Magister in political science from the University of los Andes