Handbook of Physics

977 Pages·31.854 MB·English

by  B.M. Yavorsky, A.A. Detlaf, N. Weinstein

B. Y AV O RS K Y and A.D ET LAF
Handbook
o f Physics
MI R P U B L I S H E R S , MOS COW

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B. Y AV 0 R S K Y and A. D E TL A F
Handbook
of Physics
TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN
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Nicholas Weinstein
MIR PUBLISHERS • MOSCOW
ÜDC 680 (088) = 20
First published 1972
Revised from the 1968 Russian édition
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Contents
Part One
The Physical Basis of Classical Mechanics
ghapter 1 • Kinematics of P articles and Rigid Bodies
1.1. Introductory Concepts ................................................................. 15
1.2. Yelocity ...................................................................................... 20
1.3. Accélération .......................................................................... 23
1.4. Translatory and Rotary Motion of a Rigid Body ............... 25
1.5. Absolute Motion, Relative Motion and Transportation ... 29
1.6. Composition of the Motions of a Rigid Body....................... 32
ghapter 2 • Dynamics of Translatory Motion
2.1 Newton’s First Law of Motion................................................ 34
2.2. Force ............................................................................................. 35
2.3. Mass ............................................................................................ 37
2.4. Newton’s Second Law of Motion ............................................ 40
/2.5. Newton’s Third Law of Motion ............................................ 42
2.6. The Fundamental Law in the Dynamics of Translatory
Motion............................................................................................. 42
2.7. Principle of Conservation of Momentum................................ 44
2.8. Motion of a Body of Variable Mass ........................................ 45
2.9. Galileo’s Relativity Principle .................................................. 47
2.10. Law of Universal Gravitation ................................................ 48
2.11. Gravitational Field ................................................................... 51
2 12. External Friction ....................................................................... 54
2.13, Motion in Noninertial Frames of Reference ......................... 56
ghapter 3 • Work and Mechanical Energy
3.1. Energy .......................................................................................... 59
3.2. Work ............................................................................................. 60
3.3. Power ............................................................................................ 62
3.4. Force Function ............................................................................ 62
3.5. Mechanical Energy ..................................................................... 64
3.6. Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy......................... 68
3.7. Collisions............................................. . 69
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Contents
ghapter 4 • Dynamics of Rotary Motion
4.1. Moment of Force..................................................................... 72
4.2. Moment of Inertia ;.. f'.............................................................. 73
4.3. Angular Momentunl ................................................................... 78
4.4. The Fundamental Law in the Dynamics of Rotary Motion 80
4.5. Principle of Conservation of Angular Momentum ............. 81
4.6. Motion Under the Action of Central Forces ....................... 83
4.7. The Gyroscope.............................................................................. 87
ghapter 5 • Fundamentals of Analytical Mechanics
5.1. Principal Concepts and Définitions ........................................ 92
5.2. ; Lagrange’s Equations of Motion......................................... 96
5.3. Hamilton’s Function. Canonical Equations of Motion .... 97
5.4. Concept of the Yariational Principles of Mechanics.......... 101
5.5. Canonical Transformations ....................................................... 105
5.6. Conservation Laws ..................................................................... 108
ghapter 6 • Mechanical Vibrations
6.1. Fundamental Concepts............................................................... 112
6.2. Small Oscillations of a System with One Degree of Freedom 116
6.3. Small Oscillations of a System with Several Degrees of
Freedom ........................................................................................ 124
6.4. Oscillations of a Nonlinear System with One Degree of Free­
dom ............................................................................................ 136
Part Two
The Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and
Molecular Physics
ghapter 7 • Introduction
7.1. Basic Concepts.............................................................................. 147
ghapter 8 • Jdeal Gas Laws
8.1. Idéal Gases .................................................................................. 153
8.2. Mixtures of Idéal Gases]............................................................. 155
fcHAPTER 9 • First Law of Thermodynamics
9.1. Internai Energy and Enthalpy .............................................. 157
9.2. Work and Heat ......................................................................... 160
9.3. Heat Capacity ............................................................................. 161
9.4. The First Law of Thermodynamics ........................................ 162
9.5. Most Common Thermodynamic Processes of Idéal Gases 165
chapter 10 • Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
10.1. Réversible and Irréversible Processes .................................... 169
10.2. Cycles. The Carnot Cycle ......................................................... 170
10.3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics .................................... 176
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