Handbook of petrochemicals production processes, Second Edition

637 Pages·2018·64.788 MB·English

by  Robert Meyers

HANDBOOK OF
PETROCHEMICALS
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
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HANDBOOK OF
PETROCHEMICALS
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Robert A. Meyers
Second Edition
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London
Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi
Singapore Sydney Toronto
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CONTENTS
Contributors xix
Preface xxiii
Licensing Contacts xxv
Part 1 Intermediates
Chapter 1.1. Badger Cumene Technology Kevin J. Fallon 1.3
Introduction / 1.3
Cumene Uses and Industry / 1.3
Physical Properties / 1.5
Process Chemistry / 1.5
Catalyst Performance and Contaminants / 1.8
Process Description / 1.8
Performance / 1.9
Commercial Experience / 1.9
Chapter 1.2. Badger Ethylbenzene Technology Brian Maerz and Lawrence Stein 1.11
Introduction / 1.11
Feedstocks for Ethylbenzene Production / 1.12
ExxonMobil EBMax Catalysts / 1.14
Process Chemistry and EBMax Catalyst Performance / 1.14
Process Description / 1.16
Process Design Optimization / 1.18
EBMax Designs Using Chemical-Grade Ethylene Feedstocks / 1.18
Ethylbenzene Product Quality / 1.19
Raw Materials, Utilities, and Catalyst Requirements / 1.20
EBMax Plant Design / 1.21
Reference / 1.21
Chapter 1.3. BP Para-Xylene Process Homok Lee and Elizabeth Tyson 1.23
Introduction / 1.23
Para-Xylene Recovery in an Aromatics Complex / 1.24
Development of Crystallization Process / 1.25
Comparison of Crystallization to Selective Adsorption / 1.27
Process Fundamentals / 1.29
Process Discussion / 1.30
Environmental Impact / 1.33
Case Study / 1.33
Bibliography / 1.34
v
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vi CONTENTS
Chapter 1.4. Isomalk-3 (n-Butane Isomerization) Ilya Aranovich and Saurav De 1.35
Introduction / 1.35
Process Flow Scheme / 1.36
Reverse Isomerization / 1.36
Reaction Mechanism / 1.38
Catalyst Regeneration / 1.38
Process Variables / 1.38
Isomalk-3 Catalyst Contaminants / 1.39
Makeup Gas Quality / 1.39
Nitrogen Quality / 1.40
Advantages of SI-3 Catalyst / 1.40
Isomalk-3 Reactors / 1.40
Hydrocarbon Feed and Makeup Gas Dryers / 1.41
Wastes and Emissions / 1.41
Commercial Experience / 1.42
Estimated Yields / 1.42
Utility Requirements / 1.42
Chapter 1.5. CrystPXSM: Modern Crystallization Technology
for Para-Xylene Production Weihua Jin 1.43
Introduction / 1.43
CrystPX for High-Purity Para-Xylene Production / 1.43
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics / 1.44
Detailed Process Description / 1.45
Product and By-Product Specifications / 1.47
Process Economics / 1.48
Commercial Experience / 1.48
Conclusion / 1.48
Chapter 1.6. EB-X: A Process for Ethylbenzene Separation
and Xylenes Upgrade Sachin Joshi and Alisa Kammafoo 1.51
Introduction / 1.51
Process Chemistry (Separation Enhancing of Ethylbenzene from Para-Xylene by the Solvent Function) / 1.51
Process Description / 1.52
Feeds and Products / 1.53
Process Design / 1.54
Commercial Description / 1.54
Chapter 1.7. GT-BTX PluSø: Aromatics and Sulfur Extraction from FCC Gasoline
Charlie Chou 1.55
Introduction / 1.55
General Process Description / 1.55
Commercial Experience / 1.61
Conclusion / 1.64
Chapter 1.8. GT-BTXø Aromatics Extraction Process Lucia Cretoiu 1.65
Introduction / 1.65
General Process Description / 1.65
Process Perspective / 1.68
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CONTENTS vii
Process Description / 1.70
Key/Proprietary Equipment / 1.72
Product Specifications / 1.72
Wastes and Emissions / 1.74
Process Economics / 1.74
Chapter 1.9. GT-DWCø Applications Manish Bhargava and Roomi Kalita 1.75
Introduction / 1.75
General Information for GT-DWC / 1.75
GT-DWC for Naphtha Splitter Revamp / 1.85
Process Economics / 1.87
GT-DWC for LPG Recovery / 1.89
Feed and Product Specifications / 1.91
Commercial Experience / 1.92
Conclusion / 1.92
Chapter 1.10. GT-HDSSM Process for C8/C9 Pygas Components
Andrei Cimpeanu, Mircea Cretoiu, and Joseph C. Gentry 1.93
General Process Description / 1.93
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics / 1.93
Catalyst Chemistry / 1.94
Reactor Temperature / 1.95
Reactor Pressure / 1.95
Detailed Process Description / 1.95
Wastes and Emissions / 1.98
Commercial Description / 1.98
Chapter 1.11. GT-TolAlkSM: Toluene Methylation to Xylenes
Zhongyi Ding and Pradeep Pawar 1.99
Introduction / 1.99
Process Chemistry / 1.99
Description of the Process Flow / 1.100
Process Performance / 1.101
Process Advantages / 1.102
Equipment Considerations / 1.102
Case Study / 1.103
Conclusion / 1.104
Bibliography / 1.104
Chapter 1.12. Lummus/UOP Liquid-Phase EBone Process
and Mixed-Phase CDTECH EBø Process Kevin J. Schwint 1.105
Introduction / 1.105
Process Perspective / 1.106
Process Chemistry / 1.106
Process Description / 1.106
Economics / 1.111
Summary of Process Features / 1.113
Chapter 1.13. Lurgi Distapex Extractive Distillation Process Sabine Mittelstädt 1.115
Introduction / 1.115
Chemistry Overview / 1.115
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viii CONTENTS
Specifications / 1.115
Process Description / 1.116
Highlights and Benefits of the Technology / 1.117
Economics of the Technology / 1.118
Commercial Experience / 1.118
Chapter 1.14. MaxEne¡ Process Gregory Funk, Ernest Boehm, and Stephen Sohn 1.121
Introduction / 1.121
Description of the Honeywell UOP MaxEne Process / 1.121
MaxEne Process Configurations / 1.123
Case Study / 1.124
MaxEne Process Specifications / 1.126
Commercial Experience / 1.127
References / 1.127
Chapter 1.15. UOP Parex™ Process Linda Shi Cheng 1.129
Introduction / 1.129
Parex Versus Crystallization / 1.129
Process Performance / 1.131
Feedstock Considerations / 1.132
Description of the Process Flow / 1.133
Equipment Considerations / 1.134
Case Study / 1.135
Commercial Experience / 1.135
Bibliography / 1.135
Part 2 Olefins
Chapter 2.1. Lurgi Megamethanol¡ Technology Tobias Oelmann and Martin Gorny 2.3
History / 2.3
Lurgi Megamethanol Technology / 2.4
Process Description / 2.5
Chapter 2.2. Axens On-Purpose 1-Butene and 1-Hexene Production Technologies
Vinel Daniel-Jean, Liege Xavier, and Rolland Gildas 2.15
Introduction / 2.15
On-Purpose Dimerization and Trimerization Chemistry / 2.16
Economics / 2.18
Conclusion / 2.19
Chapter 2.3. BASF Selective and Full Hydrogenation Technology SELOPø
Stefan Iselborn 2.21
Introduction / 2.21
History / 2.21
Process Description and Reactor Designs / 2.22
Process Safety and Hot Spot Prevention / 2.23
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CONTENTS ix
Characteristics of SELOP Hydrogenation Performance / 2.23
Catalysts for Hydrogenation Technologies / 2.28
Chapter 2.4. Lummus Ethylene Process
Nicholas M. Kinnis, Peter Kuzma Jr., and William D. Quitmeier 2.29
Introduction / 2.29
Development and Commercial History / 2.29
Commercial Operations / 2.31
Process Chemistry / 2.33
Pyrolysis Reactions / 2.35
Ethylene Process Flow Schematic / 2.37
Refinery and Ethylene Plant Integration / 2.47
Recent Technology Advances / 2.47
Economic Aspects / 2.51
Chapter 2.5. Olefins Conversion Technology Kerman N. Dukandar and Daniel Mckenzie 2.53
Introduction / 2.53
Process Chemistry / 2.55
Process Description / 2.56
Process Advantages / 2.57
OCT Commercial Applications / 2.58
Flexible Reverse OCT / 2.64
Conclusion / 2.65
References / 2.66
Chapter 2.6. Lummus Methanol to Olefins Recovery and Olefin Interconversion
Carmen A. Fornarotto and Dennis P. Maloney 2.67
Introduction / 2.67
Development and Commercial History / 2.67
Process Chemistry / 2.68
Process Description / 2.70
Process Economics / 2.73
Summary of Process Features / 2.74
Bibliography / 2.75
Chapter 2.7. INDMAX FCC: Advanced Fluid Catalytic Cracking Technology
for Producing Petrochemicals Rama Rao Marri and Debasis Bhattacharyya 2.77
Introduction / 2.77
INDMAX FCC Process Description / 2.78
Bibliography / 2.88
Chapter 2.8. UOP Oleflex Process for Light Olefin Production
Wolfgang Spieker, Gregory J. Nedohin, and Michael Marsh 2.89
Introduction / 2.89
Process Description / 2.90
Process Chemistry and Contaminants / 2.92
Oleflex Process Configurations and Conditions / 2.93
Commercial Experience / 2.95
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