HANDBOOK OF R PEDIATRIC IN An Imprint of Springer Publishing A L HANDBOOK OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE D I • S PEDIATRIC ROBERT J. RINALDI, MD R I RAJASHREE SRINIVASAN, MD N I V A The Handbook of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine is a valuable, S A REHABILITATION first-of-its-kind resource in its field. Featuring cutting-edge clinical N knowledge from practicing physicians and experts across specialties, the book offers comprehensive information in a quick and accessible fashion. H MEDICINE This compact reference contains an impressive breadth of information. A N It provides evidence-based guidance for day-to-day management of D both common and uncommon problems and rehabilitation challenges B specific to the pediatric patient. Beginning with an overview of normal O pediatric development, the handbook’s six parts cover a wide range O of central nervous system disorders; neuromuscular, autoimmune, K and musculoskeletal conditions; cancer and pain; and evaluation and O treatment modalities. F P E Designed as a framework to inform clinical decision-making, the book D is an essential resource for health professionals providing rehabilitation IA care to children in a wide variety of disciplines and settings. This broad- T R scope handbook is unique in its focus on pediatric rehabilitation and I C will help everyone from trainees to seasoned practitioners access the R information they need to successfully manage associated problems and E conditions in their younger patients. H A B Key Features: I L I T n T argets core clinical issues and areas of growing importance for a A complete survey of pediatric rehabilitation medicine T I O n I ncorporates current literature and evidence-based information throughout N n E ssential for practitioners at any level in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), pediatrics, primary care, orthopedics, physical M therapy, nursing, and others who see children with disabilities and injuries E ROBERT J. RINALDI D n F ormatted for quick access in the busy clinical setting I C RAJASHREE SRINIVASAN n P urchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or IN computers E An Imprint of Springer Publishing 11 W. 42nd Street New York, NY 10036-8002 www.springerpub.com Handbook of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Handbook of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Editors Robert J. Rinaldi, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Children’s Medical Center Children’s Health System of Texas Professor, Pediatrics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Rajashree Srinivasan, MD Associate Medical Director and Service Chief PMR Inpatient Rehabilitation Program Associate Professor, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Copyright © 2023 Springer Publishing Company, LLC Demos Medical Publishing is an imprint of Springer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other- wise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authoriza- tion through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, info@copyright. com or at www.copyright.com. Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 www.springerpub.com connect.springerpub.com/ Acquisitions Editor: Jaclyn Shultz Compositor: Transforma ISBN: 978-0-8261-8448-1 ebook ISBN: 978-0-8261-8449-8 DOI: 10.1891/9780826184498 22 23 24 25 / 5 4 3 2 1 Medicine is an ever-changing science. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our understanding of proper treatment and drug therapy. The authors, editors, and publisher have made every effort to ensure that all infor- mation in this book is in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for any consequence from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the content of this publication. Every reader should examine carefully the package inserts accompanying each drug and should carefully check whether the dosage schedules therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturer differ from the statements made in this book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rinaldi, Robert J., author., editor. | Srinivasan, Rajashree, editor. Title: Handbook of pediatric rehabilitation medicine / editors, Robert J. Rinaldi, Rajashree Srinivasan. Description: New York, NY : Springer Publishing Company, [2023] | Includes bibliograph- ical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022022759 | ISBN 9780826184481 | ISBN 9780826184498 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Pediatrics--methods | Rehabilitation--methods | Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine--methods | Infant | Child | Adolescent | Handbook Classification: LCC RJ61 | NLM WS 39 | DDC 618.92--dc23/eng/20220727 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022022759 Contact [email protected] to receive discount rates on bulk purchases. Publisher’s Note: New and used products purchased from third-party sellers are not guaranteed for quality, authenticity, or access to any included digital components. Printed in the United States of America. CONTENTS Contributors ix Foreword Deborah Gaebler-Spira, MD, FAAP, FAPMR xv Preface xvii PART I – NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Pediatric Development 3 Virginia Simson Nelson PART II – CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 2. Cerebral Palsy 11 Caitlin Chicoine, Lauren Desmarais, Amy Kanallakan, and Jilda Vargus-Adams 3. Brain Injury 23 Simra Javaid, Jordan Constance, Rajashree Srinivasan, and Nancy Yeh 4. Concussion 35 Mary McMahon, Marisa Osorio, and Sara Cartwright 5. Stroke 43 Kayla Williams, Rajashree Srinivasan, Mark Lott, and Stefani R. Masten 6. Spinal Cord Dysfunction 53 Glendaliz Bosques, Lauren Fetsko, and Simra Javaid 7. Spina Bifida 65 Drew Davis, Erin Swanson-Kimani, Clarice Sinn, and Cynthia Wozow 8. Movement Disorders 75 Haley Kern and Jeff Waugh 9. Spasticity Management 85 Reza Farid PART III – NEUROMUSCULAR AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS 10. Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Acquired Disorders 97 Antonio Imbarlina, Jennifer Kargel, Jonathon Cheng, and Robert J. Rinaldi vi Contents 11. Neuromuscular Disorders 111 Diana Castro 12. Neuro immunological Disorders 123 Benjamin M. Greenberg 13. Pediatric Electrodiagnosis 135 Suzanne L. Woodbury, Aloysia Schwabe, and Gabrielle Nguyen PART IV – MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 14. Limb Deficiency 151 Phoebe Scott-Wyard 15. Rheumatologic Disorders 165 Tracey B. Wright 16. Pediatric Sports Medicine and Adaptive Sports 179 Stephanie Tow, Amy E. Rabatin, and Mary Dubon 17. Musculoskeletal Conditions 191 Lane Wimberly, Edwin Portalatin, and Emmanouil Grigoriou PART V – EVALUATION AND TREATMENT MODALITIES 18. Pediatric Orthotics 207 Supreet Deshpande, Mark E. Gormley Jr., and Alyssa Dahlheimer 19. Seating Evaluation 219 Deanna Lusty and Ann Modrcin 20. Physical Modalities 231 Satoko Lam, Rachael Sloan, Laura Windley, and Dan Swan 21. Management of Sialorrhea 243 Didem Inanoglu and Allison Tidwell Brown 22. Speech Disorders 253 Mary Fink, Lindsey Weissgarber, and Patti Wren 23. Ultrasound 263 Tamara Zagustin PART VI – OTHER CONDITIONS 24. Cancer Rehabilitation 281 David W. Pruitt, Priya D. Bolikal, Ashlee K. Bolger, and Kelli N. Chaviano 25. Pain Management 299 Andrew B. Collins and Kendra J. Homan Contents vii 26. Functional Neurologic Disorders 311 Gadi A. Revivo and Diane K. Amstutz 27. Rehabilitative Nursing 323 Ayehubirhan Shenkute, Sarah Clark, Dawn Penner, and Dulce Igle 28. Occupational Therapy 331 Zachary Kelsey, Emily Lacsamana, and Danielle Forrest 29. Palliative Care 341 Elizabeth Goudie, Stockton Beveridge, and Rita Ayyangar Index 357 CONTRIBUTORS Diane K. Amstutz, PhD, Clinical Psychologist, Pain Management Program, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois Rita Ayyangar, MD, Professor (Clinical Track), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Anne Arbor, Michigan Stockton Beveridge, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern, Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas Ashlee K. Bolger, MD, Med, Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio Priya D. Bolikal, MD, Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio Glendaliz Bosques, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School at UT Austin, Chief of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Pediatric Neurosciences Program, Dell Children’s Medical Center, Austin, Texas Allison Tidwell Brown, MS, CCC-SLP, BCS-S, Pediatric Speech Language Pathologist, Children’s Health Rehabilitation and Therapy Services, Dallas, Texas Sara Cartwright, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Indiana University, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana Diana Castro, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatric and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas Kelli N. Chaviano, DO, Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama