hanDBooK of nUTriTion and FooD Third Edition Edited by Carolyn D. BErDaniEr Johanna T. DwyEr DaviD hEBEr CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130531 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-0572-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com This book is dedicated to Elaine Feldman, MD. Elaine coedited the first and second editions of this handbook and was instrumental in organizing the clinical nutrition section. Her broad understanding of the role of nutrition in the management of so many clinical conditions added much to the science of nutrition as it stands today. Thanks, Elaine Appreciation We would like to express our appreciation to all those who We would also like to express our appreciation to helped us organize this massive undertaking and converting Randy Brehm, our editor at Taylor & Francis Group, and Amy it into a useful manuscript. We are especially grateful to Blalock, the book’s project coordinator at Taylor & Francis Katie Crane and Susan Bowerman, who organized the Group, for their encouragement and support. assessment and clinical sections. They kept the authors and the editors on task and on time. v Contents Preface........................................................................................................................................................................................xiii Editors .........................................................................................................................................................................................xv Contributors ..............................................................................................................................................................................xvii Part I Food Chapter 1 Food Composition ...................................................................................................................................................3 Carolyn D. Berdanier Chapter 2 Food Constituents ....................................................................................................................................................7 Carolyn D. Berdanier Chapter 3 Microbiological Safety of Foods ...........................................................................................................................43 Kumar Venkitanarayanan, Anup Kollanoor-Johny, and Michael P. Doyle Chapter 4 Safe Food Handling for the Consumer ..................................................................................................................81 Susan Bowerman Chapter 5 Food Labeling: Foods and Dietary Supplements ..................................................................................................89 Constance J. Geiger Chapter 6 A Primer on Food Law ........................................................................................................................................109 Ricardo Carvajal Chapter 7 Computerized Nutrient Analysis Systems ............................................................................................................115 Judith Ashley and Doina Kulick Part II Nutrition Science Chapter 8 Food Intake Regulation .......................................................................................................................................125 Lynda M. Brown and Deborah J. Clegg Chapter 9 Nutrition and Genetics ........................................................................................................................................133 Carolyn D. Berdanier Chapter 10 Nutrition Terminology ..........................................................................................................................................143 Carolyn D. Berdanier vii viii Contents Chapter 11 Nutritional Biochemistry .....................................................................................................................................163 Carolyn D. Berdanier Chapter 12 Macromineral Nutrition ......................................................................................................................................199 Forrest H. Nielsen Chapter 13 Trace Mineral Deficiencies ..................................................................................................................................211 Forrest H. Nielsen Chapter 14 Vitamin Deficiencies ...........................................................................................................................................227 Richard S. Rivlin Chapter 15 Nutrient Interactions ............................................................................................................................................243 Carolyn D. Berdanier Chapter 16 Finding Mouse Models of Human Disease for Use in Nutrition Research .........................................................249 Edward H. Leiter and Andrew J. Schile Chapter 17 Nutrient Needs of Man and Animals ..................................................................................................................257 John P. McNamara Part III Nutrition throughout Life Chapter 18 Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation ..........................................................................................................261 Kathryn M. Kolasa and David G. Weismiller Chapter 19 Feeding the Premature Infant ..............................................................................................................................279 Cynthia Mundy and Jatinder Bhatia Chapter 20 Nutrition for Healthy Children and Adolescents Ages 2–18 Years .....................................................................291 Suzanne Domel Baxter Chapter 21 Healthy Diet through Adulthood .........................................................................................................................337 Joan G. Fischer Chapter 22 Nutrition in the Later Years.................................................................................................................................347 Mary Ann Johnson and Alyson Haslam Chapter 23 Exercise and Nutrient Needs ...............................................................................................................................359 Emma M. Laing Chapter 24 Nutrient Needs of the Elite Athlete .....................................................................................................................373 Christine Rosenbloom Contents ix Chapter 25 Food and Nutrition for Space Flight ...................................................................................................................381 Helen W. Lane, Sara R. Zwart, Vickie Kloeris, and Scott M. Smith Chapter 26 Vegetarian Diets in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ..........................................................................403 Claudia S. Plaisted Fernandez, Kelly M. Adams, and Martin Kohlmeier Part IV assessment Chapter 27 Dietary Guidelines, Food Guidance, and Dietary Quality in the United States .................................................437 Eileen Kennedy, Daniel Hatfield, and Jeanne Goldberg Chapter 28 Dietary Guidelines around the World: Regional Similarities and Differences and New Innovations ...............447 Odilia I. Bermudez, Johanna T. Dwyer, and Erin Bury Chapter 29 Nutrition Monitoring in the United States ..........................................................................................................473 Margaret A. McDowell Chapter 30 Nutrition Monitoring and Research Studies: Observational Studies ..................................................................495 Katherine H. Ingram and Gary R. Cutter Chapter 31 Nutritional Screen Monitoring Tools ..................................................................................................................505 Ronni Chernoff Chapter 32 Dietary Intake Assessment: Methods for Adults .................................................................................................517 Helen Smiciklas-Wright, Diane C. Mitchell, and Dara Wheeler Chapter 33 Use of Food Frequency Questionnaires in Minority Populations ........................................................................531 Rebecca S. Reeves Chapter 34 Methodologies and Tools for Dietary Intake Assessment ...................................................................................555 Marian L. Neuhouser Chapter 35 Validity and Reliability of Dietary Assessment in School-Age Children ...........................................................569 R. Sue McPherson Day, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Courtney Byrd-Williams, and Michelle L. Wilkinson Chapter 36 Anthropometric Assessment: Stature, Weight, and Body Mass Index (Adults) .................................................625 Stefan A. Czerwinski, Wm. Cameron Chumlea, and Michael J. LaMonte Chapter 37 The “How” and “Why” of Body Composition Assessment (Adults) ..................................................................633 Stefan A. Czerwinski and Wm. Cameron Chumlea Chapter 38 Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index in Childhood .........................................................................................641 Ellen W. Demerath, Stefan A. Czerwinski, and Wm. Cameron Chumlea x Contents Chapter 39 Frame Size, Circumferences, and Skinfolds .......................................................................................................659 Barbara J. Scott Chapter 40 Psychological Assessment for Adults and Children ............................................................................................679 Craig A. Johnston, Jennette P. Moreno, and John P. Foreyt Chapter 41 Energy Assessment: Physical Activity ................................................................................................................693 Nancy L. Keim and Lisa Jahns Chapter 42 Environmental Challenges and Assessment .......................................................................................................703 Suzanne Phelan and Gary D. Foster Chapter 43 Oral Health Screening and Assessment for Nutrition Professionals ...................................................................715 Melissa Page, Johanna T. Dwyer, and Carole A. Palmer Chapter 44 Herbal Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer ........................................................................741 Donato F. Romagnolo and Ornella I. Selmin Part V Clinical Nutrition Chapter 45 Nutritional Assessment in the Clinical Setting ...................................................................................................755 Dong Wook Kim, Lalita Khaodhiar, and Caroline M. Apovian Chapter 46 Metabolic Syndrome, Overweight, and Fatty Liver ............................................................................................763 E.L. Thomas, J.A. Fitzpatrick, Gary Frost, and Jimmy D. Bell Chapter 47 The Malnourished Child .....................................................................................................................................769 Rikki S. Corniola, David L. Suskind, Leslie Lewinter-Suskind, Krishna K. Murthy, and Robert M. Suskind Chapter 48 Childhood Obesity ..............................................................................................................................................783 David L. Suskind, Rikki S. Corniola, and Robert M. Suskind Chapter 49 Eating Disorders ..................................................................................................................................................793 Craig A. Johnston and John P. Foreyt Chapter 50 Food Addiction and Obesity.................................................................................................................................819 Catherine L. Carpenter Chapter 51 Nutrition and Liver Disease ................................................................................................................................825 Sammy Saab and David Heber Chapter 52 Food Allergy and Food Intolerance ....................................................................................................................837 David Heber