Handbook of Motivational Counseling Handbook of Motivational Counseling Concepts, Approaches, and Assessment Edited by W. Miles Cox UniversityofWales,Bangor,UK and Eric Klinger UniversityofMinnesota,USA JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Copyright(cid:1)C 2004JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd, TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone (+44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording, scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988 orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90Tottenham CourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher. 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OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,33ParkRoad,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1 Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicbooks. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Handbookofmotivationalcounseling:concepts,approaches,andassessment/editedby W.MilesCoxandEricKlinger. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-470-84517-1(alk.paper) 1.Counseling. 2.Psychotherapy. 3.Motivation(Psychology) I.Cox,W.Miles. II.Klinger,Eric,1933– BF637.C6H31722003 158(cid:2).3—dc21 2003005298 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN0-470-84517-1 Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyTechBooks,NewDelhi,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. Contents AbouttheEditors ix Contributors xi ForewordbyProfessorPeterE.Nathan xv Preface xix PartI: BasicConceptsandTheories Chapter1 MotivationandtheTheoryofCurrentConcerns 3 EricKlingerandW.MilesCox Chapter2 MotivationandAddiction:TheRoleofIncentiveMotivationin UnderstandingandTreatingAddictiveDisorders 29 SuzetteV.Glasner Chapter3 BehavioralEconomics:BasicConceptsandClinicalApplications 49 ChristopherJ.Correia Chapter4 PersonalProjectPursuit:OnHumanDoingsandWell-Beings 65 BrianR.LittleandNeilC.Chambers Chapter5 GoalConflicts:Concepts,Findings,andConsequencesfor Psychotherapy 83 JohannesMichalak,ThomasHeidenreich,andJu¨rgenHoyer Chapter6 MotivationalCounselinginanExtendedFunctionalContext: PersonalitySystemsInteractionTheoryandAssessment 99 ReinerKaschelandJuliusKuhl Chapter7 AMotivationalModelofAlcoholUse:DeterminantsofUseand Change 121 W.MilesCoxandEricKlinger PartII: AssessmentandRelationshipstoBehavior Chapter8 MeasuringMotivation:TheMotivationalStructureQuestionnaire andPersonalConcernsInventory 141 W.MilesCoxandEricKlinger vi CONTENTS Chapter 9 The Motivational Structure Questionnaire and Personal Concerns Inventory:PsychometricProperties 177 EricKlingerandW.MilesCox Chapter10 VolitionalandEmotionalCorrelatesoftheMotivationalStructure Questionnaire:FurtherEvidenceforConstructValidity 199 NicolaBaumann PartIII: SystematicMotivationalCounselinganditsApplications Chapter11 Systematic Motivational Counseling: The Motivational Structure QuestionnaireinAction 217 W.MilesCoxandEricKlinger Chapter12 SystematicMotivationalCounselinginGroups:Clarifying MotivationalStructureduringPsychotherapy 239 BernhardM.Schroer,ArnoFuhrmann,andRenatedeJong-Meyer Chapter13 SystematicMotivationalAnalysisasPartofaSelf-HelpTechnique AimedatPersonalGoalAttainment 259 RenatedeJong-Meyer Chapter14 SystematicMotivationalCounselingatWork:ImprovingEmployee Performance,Satisfaction,andSocialization 283 LoriannRobersonandDavidM.Sluss Chapter15 SystematicMotivationalCounselinginRehabilitationSettings 301 S.VincentMirantiandAllenW.Heinemann Chapter16 AssessingandChangingMotivationtoOffend 319 MaryMcMurran PartIV: OtherMotivationalApproachestoChangingBehavior Chapter17 EnhancingMotivationforPsychotherapy:TheElaborationof PositivePerspectives(EPOS)toDevelopClients’GoalStructure 337 UlrikeWillutzkiandChristophKoban Chapter18 ViktorE.Frankl’sExistentialAnalysisandLogotherapy 357 ManfredHillmann Chapter19 ChangingAlcoholExpectancies:TechniquesforAltering MotivationsforDrinking 373 BarryT.Jones Chapter20 TheMotivationalDrinker’sCheck-Up:ABriefInterventionfor Early-StageProblemDrinkers 389 MariaJ.Emmen,GerardM.Schippers,GijsBleijenberg,and HubWollersheim Chapter21 MotivationalEnhancementasaBriefInterventionforCollege StudentDrinkers 409 ArthurW.BlumeandG.AlanMarlatt CONTENTS vii Chapter22 CommunityReinforcementApproachandContingency ManagementInterventionsforSubstanceAbuse 421 ConradJ.Wong,Hendre´eE.Jones,andMaxineL.Stitzer Chapter23 Goal-SettingasaMotivationalTechniqueforNeurorehabilitation 439 SiegfriedGauggelandMartinaHoop Chapter24 MotivationalInterviewinginHealthPromotionandBehavioral Medicine 457 KenResnicow,MonicaL.Baskin,SimoneS.Rahotep,SanthiPeriasamy, andStephenRollnick PartV: Conclusion Chapter25 MotivationalCounseling:TakingStockandLookingAhead 479 W.MilesCoxandEricKlinger AuthorIndex 489 SubjectIndex 501 About the Editors W.MilesCoxisProfessorofPsychologyofAddictiveBehaviours,SchoolofPsychology, UniversityofWales,Bangor.HeisFoundingEditorofPsychologyofaddictivebehaviors (APA) and Past President of the APA Division on Addictions. His research and clinical activities focus on the interplay between drinkers’ incentives in other life areas and their motivation to drink alcohol. A Fellow in the American Psychological Association and a Charter Fellow in the American Psychological Society, Miles Cox is the author of more than100publications,primarilyinaddictivebehaviors.Hispriorbooksinclude: Cox,W.M.(Ed.)(1983).Identifyingandmeasuringalcoholicpersonalitycharacteristics. SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass. Cox,W.M.(1986).Theaddictivepersonality.NewYork:ChelseaHouse. Cox, W.M. (Ed.) (1987). Treatment and prevention of alcohol problems: A resource manual.Orlando,FL:AcademicPress. Cox, W.M. (Ed.) (1990). Why people drink: Parameters of alcohol as a reinforcer. NewYork:AmereonPress. Eric Klinger is Professor of Psychology at the University of Minnesota, Morris and (adjunct)Minneapolis.Hisresearchactivitiesfocusonmotivationalprocesses,especially as these and emotional processes influence attention, recall, and thought content. He has contributedtothebasictheoryofmotivationanditsextensiontosubstanceuse,treatment ofalcoholism,anddepression.AFellowoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancement of Science and of the American Psychological Association, and a Charter Fellow of the AmericanPsychologicalSociety,EricKlingeristheauthorofmorethan100publications. Hispriorbooksinclude: Klinger,E.(1971).Structureandfunctionsoffantasy.NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons. Klinger,E.(1977).Meaningandvoid:Innerexperienceandtheincentivesinpeople’s lives.Minneapolis:UniversityofMinnesotaPress. Klinger, E. (Ed.) (1981). Imagery: Concepts, results, and applications. New York: Plenum. Klinger,E.(1990).Daydreaming.LosAngeles,CA:Tarcher(Putnam). Contributors MonicaL.Baskin EmoryUniversity,DepartmentofBehavioralSciencesandHealth Education,RollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,1518CliftonRoad,Atlanta,GA30322, USA NicolaBaumann UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,FBHumanwissenschaftenLehreinheit Psychologie,Seminarstr.20,49069Osnabru¨ck,Germany GijsBleijenberg DepartmentofMedicalPsychology,UMCSt.RadboudNijmegen, POBox9101,6500HBNijmegen,TheNetherlands ArthurW.Blume DepartmentofPsychology,Room224,UniversityofTexasat ElPaso,ElPaso,TX79968-0553,USA NeilC.Chambers DepartmentofPsychology,CarletonUniversity,Ottawa,Ontario, K1S5B6,Canada ChristopherJ.Correia DepartmentofPsychology,226ThachHall,Auburn University,Auburn,AL36849,USA W.MilesCox SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofWales,Bangor,BangorLL572AS, UK RenatedeJong-Meyer Westfa¨lischeWilhelms-Universita¨tMu¨nster,Psychologisches InstitutI,Fliednerstr.21,48149Mu¨nster,Germany MariaJ.Emmen AmsterdamInstituteforAddictionResearch,Keizersgracht818,1017 EEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands ArnoFuhrmann Alexianer-KrankenhausGmbH,Alexianerweg9,48163Mu¨nster, Germany SiegfriedGauggel UniversityofTechnology,Chemnitz,DepartmentofPsychology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str.43,D-09120Chemnitz,Germany SuzetteV.Glasner VASanDiegoHealthcareSystem,PsychologyService(116B), 3350LaJollaVillageDrive,SanDiego,CA92161,USA ThomasHeidenreich WolfgangGoetheInstitutPsychiatrie,HeinrichHoffmannstr.10, 60578Frankfurt,Germany AllenW.Heinemann RehabilitationInstituteofChicago,345EastSuperiorStreet, Chicago,IL60611,USA ManfredHillmann LingenerStrasse61,49716Meppen,Germany xii CONTRIBUTORS MartinaHoop UniversityofTechnology,Chemnitz,DepartmentofPsychology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str.43,D-09120Chemnitz,Germany Ju¨rgenHoyer UniversityofTechnology,Dresden,ClinicalPsychologyand Psychotherapy,D-01062Dresden,Germany BarryT.Jones DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofGlasgow,GlasgowG128QQ, UK Hendre´eE.Jones DepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,JohnsHopkins University,4940EasternAve.,D-4-East,Baltimore,MD21224,USA ReinerKaschel Universita¨tOsnabru¨ck,FBHumanwissenschaften,Lehreinheit Psychologie,Postfach,49069Osnabru¨ck,Germany EricKlinger DivisionofSocialSciences,UniversityofMinnesota,Morris,600East FourthStreet,Morris,MN56267,USA ChristophKoban FacultyofPsychology,DepartmentofClinicalPsychologyand Psychotherapy,Ruhr-UniversityBochum,44780Bochum,Germany JuliusKuhl Universita¨tOsnabru¨ck,FBHumanwissenschaften,Lehreinheit Psychologie,Postfach,49069Osnabru¨ck,Germany BrianR.Little MurrayResearchCenter,RadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy, HarvardUniversity,10GardenStreet,Cambridge,MA02138,USA G.AlanMarlatt AddictiveBehaviorsResearchCenter,UniversityofWashington, DepartmentofPsychology,Box351525,Seattle,WA98195-1525,USA MaryMcMurran SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofWales,Cardiff,CF103YG, UK JohannesMichalak AEKlinischePsychologieundPsychotherapie,Ruhr-Universita¨t Bochum,D-44780Bochum,Germany S.VincentMiranti SchwabRehabilitationHospitalandCareNetwork,1401S. California,Chicago,IL60608,USA SanthiPeriasamy EmoryUniversity,DepartmentofBehavioralSciencesandHealth Education,RollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,1518CliftonRoad,Atlanta,GA30322,USA SimoneS.Rahotep EmoryUniversity,DepartmentofBehavioralSciencesandHealth Education,RollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,1518CliftonRoad,Atlanta,GA30322,USA KenResnicow SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityofMichigan,1420Washington Heights,AmArbor,MI48109–2029,USA LoriannRoberson ArizonaStateUniversityMainCampus,POBOX874006,Tempe, AZ85287-4006,USA StephenRollnick DepartmentofGeneralPractice,UniversityofWalesCollegeof Medicine,LlanedeyrnHealthCentre,CardiffCF37PN,UK CONTRIBUTORS xiii GerardM.Schippers AmsterdamInstituteforAddictionResearch,Keizersgracht818, 1017EEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands BernhardM.Schroer PsychotherapeutischePraxis,Ludgeristr.23,48143Mu¨nster, Germany DavidM.Sluss ArizonaStateUniversityMainCampus,POBox874006,Tempe, AZ85287-4006,USA MaxineL.Stitzer DepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,JohnsHopkins UniversitySchoolofMedicine,BehavioralPharmacologyResearchUnit,5510Nathan ShockDrive,Baltimore,MD21224,USA UlrikeWillutzki FacultyofPsychology,DepartmentofClinicalPsychologyand Psychotherapy,Ruhr-UniversityBochum,44780Bochum,Germany HubWollersheim DepartmentofQualityCare,UMCSt.RadboudNijmegen, POBox9101,6500HBNijmegen,TheNetherlands ConradJ.Wong DepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,JohnsHopkins UniversitySchoolofMedicine,CenterforLearningandHealth,5200EasternAve.Suite W142,Baltimore,MD21224,USA