Handbook of Microbiology: Condensed Edition PDF
Preview Handbook of Microbiology: Condensed Edition
HANDBOOK -/ MICROBIOLOGY CONDENSED EDITION EDITORS Allen I. Laskin, Ph.D. Esso Research and Engineering Company Linden, New Jersey Hubert A. Lechevalier, Ph.D. Institute of Microbiology Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey CRC PRESS, Inc. 18901 Cranwood Parkway • Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business First published 1974 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2018 by CRC Press © 1974 by CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89383-9 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07293-9 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com PREFACE The necessarily high cost of the four comprehensive volumes of the CRC Handbook of Microbiology places it beyond the reach of most students in microbiology, as well as high school teachers, many technicians, etc. When it became obvious from the sales of the Handbook that this book was filling an important role, plans were made to make as much of the information it contained as possible available to these students and other such groups. This need became emphasized when teachers began to request reprints of various parts of the Handbook for distribution to their students. The present volume is the result of our effort at offering as much information as possible at as low a price as feasible. We have included in the present volume selected pages from Volumes I, II, and IV of the CRC Handbook of Microbiology. We did not include any data from Volume III (Microbial Products), which did not lend itself readily to the selection of a few pages. As it is, the present volume includes information about the various groups of microorganisms, their cell walls, and their genetics. Data on amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are included, together with diagrams of metabolic pathways and information on immunocompetent cells. General reference data include a glossary, statistical tables, and other information which we hope will be useful. We would appreciate receiving comments from users of this book in order to improve further editions of the Handbook. A. I. Laskin H. A. Lechevalier New Jersey, 1974 iii ADVISORY BOARD CHAIRMAN Werner J. Braun, Ph.D. (deceased) Institute of Microbiology Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey MEMBERS Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, M.D. Nancy N. Gerber, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Rutgers University Laval University New Brunswick, New Jersey Quebec, P.Q., Canada S. H. Hutner, Ph.D. P. W. Brian, Ph.D. Haskins Laboratories Department of Botany Pace College University of Cambridge New York, New York Cambridge, England Karl Maramorosch, Ph.D. Carl F. Clancy, Ph.D. Insect Physiology and Virology Jefferson Medical College Boyce Thompson Institute Thomas Jefferson University Yonkers, New York Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Yoshiro Okami, Ph.D. Cecil S. Cummins, Sc.D. Department of Microbial Technology Anaerobe Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Hokkaido University University Sapporo,Japan Blacksburg, Virginia William M. O'Leary, Ph.D. Arnold L. Demain, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Department of Nutrition and Food Science Cornell University Medical College Massachusetts Institute of Technology New York, New York Cambridge, Massachusetts David Perlman, Ph.D. Martin Dworkin, Ph.D. School of Pharmacy Department of Microbiology University of Wisconsin University of Minnesota Madison, Wisconsin Minneapolis, Minnesota F. Persico, Ph.D. Eugene R. L. Gaughran, Ph.D. Department of Immunology Research Center Ortho Research Foundation Johnson & Johnson Raritan, New Jersey New Brunswick, New Jersey iv Herman J. Phaff, Ph.D. Chase Van Baalen, Ph.D. Department of Food Technology Marine Science Institute University of California University of Texas Davis, California Port Aransas, Texas Claude Vezina, Ph.D. Thomas B.Platt, Ph.D. Microbiology Department Bioanalytical Section Ayerst Laboratories The Squibb Institute of Medical Research St. Laurent, P. Q., Canada New Brunswick, New Jersey L. C. Vining, Ph.D. National Research Council Otto J. Plescia, Ph.D. Atlantic Regional Laboratory Institute of Microbiology Halifax, N. S., Canada Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey E. D. Weinberg, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Indiana University G. Pontecorvo, Ph.D. Bloomington, Indiana Department of Cell Genetics Imperial Cancer Research Fund Burton I. Wilner, Ph.D. London, England Orinda, California V CONTRIBUTORS Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, M.D. Rita R. Colwell, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Maryland Laval University College Park, Maryland Quebec, P. Q., Canada Dennis P. Cummings, Ph.D. Roger A. Anderson, Ph.D. Research Division Department of Biological Sciences Miles Laboratories, Inc. University of Denver West Haven, Connecticut Denver, Colorado Martin Dworkin, Ph.D. H. L. Barnett, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Department of Plant Pathology and University of Minnesota Bacteriology Minneapolis, Minnesota Division of Plant Sciences West Virginia University Douglas E. Eveleigh, Ph.D. Morgantown, West Virginia Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Solomon Bartnicki-Garcia, Ph.D. Rutgers University Department of Plant Pathology New Brunswick, New Jersey University of California Riverside, California Paul Fiset, M.D., Ph. D. School of Medicine Robert M. Benbow, Ph.D. University of Maryland Laboratory of Molecular Biology Baltimore, Maryland Medical Research Council Cambridge, England Ruth E. Gordon, Ph.D. Institute of Microbiology Everett S. Beneke, Ph.D. Rutgers University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology New Brunswick, New Jersey Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan A. Arthur Gottlieb, M.D. Institute of Microbiology Vernon Bryson, Ph.D. Rutgers University Institute of Microbiology New Brunswick, New Jersey Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Corinne Johnson, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Sewell P. Champe, Ph.D. College of Dentistry Institute of Microbiology Brookdale Dental Center of Rutgers University New York University New Brunswick, New Jersey New York, New York Carl F. Clancy, Ph.D. Barry B. Hunter, Ph.D. Jefferson Medical College Department of Biology Thomas Jefferson University California State College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania California, Pennsylvania vi Seymour H. Hutner, Ph.D. Norbert Pfennig, Ph.D. Haskins Laboratories Institut fur Microbiologie Pace College Gesellschaft fur Strahlen- und New York, New York Umweltforschung m. b. H. Gottingen, Germany Hubert A. Lechevalier, Ph.D. Institute of Microbiology Herman J. Phaff, Ph.D. Rutgers University Department of Food Technology New Brunswick, New Jersey College of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of California Davis, California Mary P. Lechevalier, M.S. Institute of Microbiology Leo Pine, Ph.D. Rutgers University Department of Health, Education and Welfare New Brunswick, New Jersey Center for Disease Control Research and Development Unit William M. O'Leary, Ph.D. Atlanta, Georgia Department of Microbiology Cornell University Medical College Shmuel Razin, Ph.D. New York, New York Department of Clinical Microbiology Hadassah Medical School James D. Macmillan, Ph.D. Hebrew University Department of Biochemistry and Jerusalem, Israel Microbiology College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Antonio H. Romano, Ph.D. Rutgers University Microbiology Section New Brunswick, New Jersey University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut Karl Maramorosch, Ph.D. Kenneth E. Sanderson, Ph.D. Insect Physiology and Virology Program Department of Biology Boyce Thompson Institute University of Calgary Yonkers, New York Calgary, Alberta, Canada William F. Myers, Ph.D. Robert L. Sinsheimer, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Division of Biology School of Medicine California Institute of Technology University of Maryland Pasadena, California Baltimore, Maryland Robert M. Smibert, Ph.D. Leslie A. Page, Ph.D. Anaerobe Laboratory National Animal Disease Laboratory Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U.S. Department of Agriculture University Ames, Iowa Blacksburg, Virginia Elizabeth Percival, Ph.D., D.Sc. Louis DS. Smith, Ph.D. Chemistry Department Anaerobe Laboratory University of London Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Royal Hollo way College, Egham Hill State University Egham, Surrey, England Blacksburg, Virginia vii James T.Staley, Ph.D. Hans G. Triiper, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Department of Microbiology School of Medicine University of Bonn University of Washington Bonn, Germany Seattle, Washington James R. Turvey, Ph.D., D.Sc. David H. Strumeyer, Ph.D. School of Physical and Molecular Sciences Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University College of North Wales Rutgers University Bangor, Caernarvonshire, England New Brunswick, New Jersey Waclaw Szybalski, D.Sc. H. E. Umbarger, Ph.D. McArdle Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Purdue University Madison, Wisconsin West Lafayette, Indiana Ruth Ann Taber, M.S. Wolf V.Vishniac, Ph.D. Department of Plant Sciences Department of Biology Texas A & M University University of Rochester College Station, Texas Rochester, New York Willard A. Taber, Ph.D. Burton I. Wilner, Ph.D. Department of Biology Orinda, California Texas A & M University College Station, Texas Charles L. Wisseman, Jr., M.D. Austin L. Taylor, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Medical Center School of Medicine University of Colorado University of Maryland Denver, Colorado Baltimore, Maryland viii HANDBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY Condensed Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS BACTERIA INTRODUCTION TO THE BACTERIA 1 CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 3 THE RHODOSPIRILLALES 14 BUDDING AND PROSTHECATE BACTERIA 25 BACTERIA WITH ACELLULAR APPEND AGES 46 TRICHOME-FORMING BACTERIA 51 THE GENUS BACILLUS 65 THE CLOSTRIDIA 83 VIBRIOS AND SPIRILLA , 91 THE MYCOPLASMATALES 99 THE CHLAMYDIAE 124 THE RICKETTSIALES 131 THE SPIROCHAETALES .152 THE MYXOBACTERALES 182 THE ACTINOMYCETALES INTRODUCTION 194 SOILOROXIDATIVEACTINOMYCETES 195 PARASITIC OR FERMENTATIVE ACTINOMYCETES 203 HETEROTROPfflC RODS AND COCCI INTRODUCTION 212 AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS . 213 ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 221 PSEUDOMONAS 230 ANAEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS 234 COCCI 236 ANAEROBIC NON-SPORULATING GRAM-POSITIVE RODS 246 AEROBIC GRAM-POSITIVE RODS 248 BACTERIAL CELL WALL STRUCTURE (CORRECTED VERSION) 251 LINKAGE MAP OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 285 THE CURRENT LINKAGE MAP OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMUR1UM 295 FUNGI THE PHYCOMYCETES 308 THE ASCOMYCETES 328 YEASTS GENERAL SURVEY 395 DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIOUS GENERA AND SPECIES OF SPECIAL INTEREST 416 THE BASIDIOMYCETES 434 DEUTEROMYCETES (IMPERFECT FUNGI) 448 LICHENS ' 477 FUNGAL CELL WALL COMPOSITIONS 483 ix
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