Handbook of microalgal culture : biotechnology and applied phycology PDF
Preview Handbook of microalgal culture : biotechnology and applied phycology
Handbook of Microalgal Culture Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology Edited by Amos Richmond (cid:2)2004byBlackwellScienceLtd Firstpublished2004 aBlackwellPublishingcompany LibraryofCongress EditorialOffices: Cataloging-in-PublicationData 9600GarsingtonRoad,OxfordOX42DQ,UK Handbookofmicroalgalculture:biotechnology Tel:þ44(0)1865776868 andappliedphycology/[editedby] IowaStatePress,aBlackwellPublishing AmosRichmond. Company,2121StateAvenue,Ames,Iowa p. cm. 50014-8300,USA Includesbibliographicalreferences. Tel:þ15152920140 ISBN0–632–05953–2(hardback:alk.paper) BlackwellScienceAsiaPty,550SwanstonStreet, 1. Algaeculture—Handbooks,manuals,etc. Carlton,Victoria3053,Australia 2. Microalgae—Biotechnology—Handbooks, Tel:þ61(0)383591011 manuals,etc. 3. Algology—Handbooks, manuals,etc. I. Richmond,Amos. TherightoftheAuthortobeidentifiedas SH389.H372003 theAuthorofthisWorkhasbeenassertedin 579.8—dc21 2003011328 accordancewiththeCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988. ISBN0–632–05953–2 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublication Acataloguerecordforthistitleisavailablefrom maybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem, theBritishLibrary ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording Setin10.5/12ptSabon orotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUK byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd, Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct Pondicherry,India 1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthe PrintedandboundinGreatBritainusingacid-free publisher. paperbyMPGBooksLtd,Bodmin,Cornwall Forfurtherinformationon BlackwellPublishing,visitourwebsite: www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents List of Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xviii Part I The Microalgae: With Referenceto Mass-Cultivation 1 1 The MicroalgalCell 3 Luisa Tomaselli 2 Photosynthesis inMicroalgae 20 Jirˇı´Masojı´dek, Michal Koblı´zˇek and Giuseppe Torzillo 3 Basic Culturing Techniques 40 Yuan-KunLee and Hui Shen 4 EnvironmentalStressPhysiology 57 Avigad Vonshak and GiuseppeTorzillo 5 EnvironmentalEffects on Cell Composition 83 QiangHu Part II Mass Cultivation of Microalgae 95 6 Algal Nutrition 97 MineralNutrition Johan U.Grobbelaar 7 Algal Nutrition 116 HeterotrophicCarbonNutrition Yuan-KunLee 8 Biological Principlesof Mass Cultivation 125 Amos Richmond 9 Mass Production ofMicroalgae: Photobioreactors 178 Mario R. Tredici v vi Contents 10 Downstream Processing ofCell-mass and Products 215 E.Molina Grima, F.G.Acie´n Ferna´ndez and A. Robles Medina PartIII EconomicApplications of Microalgae 253 11 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 255 Chlorella HiroakiIwamoto 12 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 264 Arthrospira(Spirulina)platensis Qiang Hu 13 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 273 Dunaliella Ami Ben-Amotz 14 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 281 Haematococcus G.R. Cysewskiand R. Todd Lorenz 15 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand Secondary Products – Species of High Potential 289 Porphyridiumsp. ShoshanaArad and Amos Richmond 16 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 298 MassCultivationofNannochloropsisinClosedSystems GraziellaChiniZittelli,LilianaRodolfi and Mario R. Tredici 17 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 304 Nostoc Han Danxiang, BiYonghongand HuZhengyu 18 Microalgaein Human and Animal Nutrition 312 WolfgangBecker Contents vii 19 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 352 TheCurrentGlobalSituationandFutureTrends Arnaud Muller-Feuga 20 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 365 MicroalgaeProductionforAquaculture Oded Zmora and AmosRichmond 21 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 380 TheNutritionalValueofMicroalgaeforAquaculture Wolfgang Becker 22 N -fixing Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizers inRiceFields 392 2 PierreRoger 23 Hydrogenand MethaneProduction by Microalgae 403 John R. Benemann 24 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 417 EutrophicationandWaterPoisoning Susan Blackburn 25 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 430 WaterPurification:AlgaeinWastewaterOxidationPonds Aharon Abeliovich 26 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 439 AbsorptionandAdsorptionofHeavyMetalsbyMicroalgae DroraKaplan 27 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 448 ImpactsofMicroalgaeontheQualityofDrinkingWater CarlJ.Soeder Part IV New Frontiers 455 28 Targeted Genetic Modification of Cyanobacteria: NewBiotechnological Applications 457 Wim F.J. Vermaas 29 Microalgaeas Platformsfor Recombinant Proteins 471 QingfangHe viii Contents 30 Bioactive Chemicals in Microalgae 485 Olav M.Skulberg 31 Heterotrophic Production ofMarine Algae for Aquaculture 513 Moti Hareland AllenR. Place 32 N -fixing Cyanobacteria as a Gene Delivery System 2 for ExpressingMosquitocidalToxins ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.israelensis 525 Sammy Boussiba and Arieh Zaritsky 33 The Enhancement ofMarineProductivity for Climate Stabilization and Food Security 534 Ian S.F. Jones Index 545 List of Contributors Prof. Aharon Abeliovich Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel Prof. Shoshana Arad Institute of Applied Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beersheva, Israel Dr Wolfgang Becker Medical Clinic, University of Tuebingen, Tue- bingen, Germany Prof. Ami Ben-Amotz National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, POB8030,TelShikmona,31080Haifa,Israel Dr John R. Benemann 343CaravelleDrive,WalnutCreek,CA94598, USA Dr Bi Yonghong Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro- biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan,Hubei 430080, China Dr Susan Blackburn CSIRO Microalgae Research Center, CSIRO Marine Research GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Prof. SammyBoussiba Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Dr G.R. Cysewski Cyanotech Corporation, 73-4460 Queen Kaa- humanu,#102,Kailua-Kona,HI96740,USA Dr F.G. Acie´n Ferna´ndez DepartamentodeIngenieriaQuimicaFacultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almeria,E-04120Almeria,Spain Prof. E. Molina Grima Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Univer- sidad deAlmeria, E-04120 Almeria,Spain Prof. JohanU. Grobbelaar Botany and Genetics, University of the Free State, POB 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa ix x ListofContributors Dr Han Danxiang Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro- biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, China Dr Moti Harel Director of AquaNutrition, Advanced Bio- Nutrition Corp., 6430-C Dobbin Road, Columbia,MD 21045,USA Prof. Hu Zhengyu Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro- biology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan, Hubei 430080, China Prof. HiroakiIwamoto 3-33-3Matsubara,Setagaya-ku,Tokyo156-0043, Japan Prof. Ian S.F. Jones Ocean Technology Group, JO5, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Dr DroraKaplan Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-GurionUniversityoftheNegev,SedeBoker Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Dr MichalKoblı´zˇek Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky Mlyn 37981, Trebon, Czech Republic Dr R. Todd Lorenz Cyanotech Corporation, 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu, #102, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740, USA Dr Jirˇı´ Masojı´dek InstituteofMicrobiology,AcademyofSciences, Opatovicky Mlyn 37981, Trebon, Czech Republic Dr A. Robles Medina DepartamentodeIngenieriaQuimicaFacultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almeria,E-04120Almeria,Spain Prof. Arnaud Muller-Feuga Production et Biotechnologie des Algues, IFREMER, Center de Nantes, BP 21,105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03,France Prof. Allen R.Place University of Maryland Biotechnology Insti- tute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, 701 E.Pratt st., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA Dr QiangHu SchoolofLifeSciences,POB874501,Arizona StateUniversity,Tempe,AZ85287-4501,USA Prof. QingfangHe Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, ETAS 575, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204-1099, USA ListofContributors xi Prof. AmosRichmond Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Dr Liliana Rodolfi Dipartimento Biotecnologie Agrarie, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, P. le delle Cascine 27, 50144 Firenze, Italy Prof. PierreRoger Charge de Mission pour las Microbiologie, Universite de Provence, CESB/ESSIL, Case 925, 163AvenuedeLuminy13288,Cedex9Marseille, France Dr Hui Shen Department of Microbiology, National Uni- versity of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 Prof. Olav M. Skulberg Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Brekkeveien 19, POB 173, Kjelsaas, N-0411, Oslo, Norway Prof. CarlJ.Soeder Diemelst.5,D-44287,Dortmund,Germany Dr Luisa Tomaselli CNR-Instituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE), sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italia (CNR- Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Department of Florence,Florence,Italy)ViaMadonnadelPiano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy Dr GiuseppeTorzillo CNR-Instituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE), sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italia (CNR- Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Department of Florence, Florence, Italy) Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy Prof. Mario R.Tredici DipartimentodiBiotechnologieAgrarie,Universi- ta’degli Studi di Firenze, P. le delle Cascine 27, I-50144 Firenze, Italy Prof. Wim F.J. Vermaas SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity, Box 874501,Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA Prof. Avigad Vonshak Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus,84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Prof. Yuan-Kun Lee DepartmentofMicrobiology,NationalUniversity of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 Prof. Arieh Zaritsky DepartmentofLifeSciences,BenGurionUniver- sity ofthe Negev, Be´erSheva 84105, Israel
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