Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications

1210 Pages·2008·48.55 MB·English

by  Anil K. Pabby

Pabbyetal./HandbookofMembraneSeparations 9549_C000 FinalProof page i 21.5.2008 7:54pm CompositorName:BMani
Handbook of
Membrane
Separations
Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food,
and Biotechnological Applications
Pabbyetal./HandbookofMembraneSeparations 9549_C000 FinalProof page ii 21.5.2008 7:54pm CompositorName:BMani
Pabbyetal./HandbookofMembraneSeparations 9549_C000 FinalProof page iii 21.5.2008 7:54pm CompositorName:BMani
Handbook of
Membrane
Separations
Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food,
and Biotechnological Applications
Edited by
Anil K. Pabby
Syed S. H. Rizvi
Ana Maria Sastre
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Pabbyetal./HandbookofMembraneSeparations 9549_C000 FinalProof page iv 21.5.2008 7:54pm CompositorName:BMani
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-9549-9 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of membrane separations : chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnological applications / editor(s), Anil Kumar
Pabby, Syed S.H. Rizvi, and Ana Maria Sastre.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-9549-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8493-9549-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Membrane separation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Pabby, Anil Kumar. II. Rizvi, S. S. H., 1948- III. Sastre, Ana Maria.
[DNLM: 1. Membranes, Artificial. 2. Biotechnology--methods. 3. Ultrafiltration. TP 159.M4 H236 2008]
TP248.25.M46H35 2008
660’.2842--dc22 2008009730
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Pabbyetal./HandbookofMembraneSeparations 9549_C000 FinalProof page v 21.5.2008 7:54pm CompositorName:BMani
Contents
Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Preface.........................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Editors.......................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors............................................................................................................................................................................... xv
SECTION I Membrane Applications in Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Industries and in Conservation of Natural Resources
Chapter 1 Membrane Applicationsin Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries and inConservation
ofNatural Resources:Introduction....................................................................................................................... 3
Ana Maria Sastre, Anil Kumar Pabby,and Syed S.H. Rizvi
Chapter 2 Application of Membrane Contactorsas Mass Transfer Devices........................................................................ 7
A.Sengupta and R.A.Pittman
Chapter 3 Membrane Chromatography............................................................................................................................... 25
M.E.Avramescu, Z. Borneman, andM. Wessling
Chapter 4 Membranes inGas Separation............................................................................................................................ 65
May-Britt Hägg
Chapter 5 Pervaporation: Theory, Practice, and Applications inthe Chemicaland AlliedIndustries............................. 107
VishwasG. Pangarkar andSangita Pal
Chapter 6 Current Status andProspects forCeramic Membrane Applications................................................................ 139
Christian Guizardand Pierre Amblard
Chapter 7 Membrane Technologies andSupercriticalFluids:Recent Advances............................................................. 181
D. Paolucci-Jeanjean, G.M.Rios, and S. Sarrade
Chapter 8 Techniques toEnhancePerformance ofMembrane Processes........................................................................ 193
A.G. Fane and S. Chang
Chapter 9 Separationand Removal ofHydrocarbonsUsing PolymerMembranes......................................................... 233
S.I. Semenova
Chapter 10 Zeolite Membranes: Synthesis,Characterization, Important Applications, andRecentAdvances................. 269
M. Arruebo, R.Mallada, and M.P. Pina
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Chapter 11 Membrane Fouling: RecentStrategies and Methodologies forIts Minimization............................................ 325
Mattheus F.A.Goosen,S.S.Sablani, andR.Roque-Malherbe
Chapter 12 Membrane Extraction inPreconcentration,Sampling,and Trace Analysis..................................................... 345
JanÅke Jönsson
Chapter 13 HybridLiquid Membrane ProcesseswithOrganicWater-ImmiscibleCarriers (OHLM):
Application in Chemicaland Biochemical Separations................................................................................... 371
VladimirS. Kislik
Chapter 14 Advancements inMembrane Processesfor Pharmaceutical Applications....................................................... 409
Ralf Kuriyel, Masatake Fushijima, andGary W.Jung
Chapter 15 Membranes in Drug Delivery........................................................................................................................... 427
Mario Grassi
Chapter 16 Bio-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes............................................................................................................. 473
John Hubble andRongsheng Zhang
SECTION II Membrane Applications in Biotechnology,
Food Processing, Life Sciences, and Energy Conversion
Chapter 17 Membrane Applications in Biotechnology,FoodProcessing, Life Sciences, and Energy
Conversion: Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 495
Syed S.H. Rizvi
Chapter 18 Ultrafiltration-Based Protein Bioseparation...................................................................................................... 497
Raja Ghosh
Chapter 19 Membrane Distillation in Food Processing...................................................................................................... 513
Sanjay Nene,Ganapathi Patil, andK.S.M.S.Raghavarao
Chapter 20 Applicationsof Membrane Separationin theBrewing Industry..................................................................... 553
CarmenI. Moraruand Ernst Ulrich Schrader
Chapter 21 Developments ofBipolar Membrane Technology inFoodand Bio-Industries............................................... 581
Gerald Pourcellyand Laurent Bazinet
Chapter 22 Applicationsof Membrane Technology in theDairy Industry........................................................................ 635
Philipina A.Marceloand Syed S.H. Rizvi
Chapter 23 Microporous Membrane BloodOxygenators................................................................................................... 671
S.R. Wickramasingheand B.Han
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Chapter 24 Transporting and SeparatingMolecules Using TailoredNanotube Membranes............................................. 693
Punit Kohli and Charles R.Martin
Chapter 25 Use ofEmulsion Liquid Membrane Systems inChemical and Biotechnological Separations....................... 709
JilskaM. Perera and Geoff W. Stevens
Chapter 26 Membrane Electroporation and Emerging Biomedical Applications............................................................... 741
K.P. Mishra
Chapter 27 Proton-ConductingMembranes for FuelCells................................................................................................. 759
VineetRao, K. Andreas Friedrich,andUlrich Stimming
SECTION III Membrane Applications in Industrial Waste Management
(Including Nuclear), Environmental Engineering,
and Future Trends in Membrane Science
Chapter 28 Membrane Applicationsin IndustrialWasteManagement (Including Nuclear),Environmental
Engineering,and Future Trends inMembrane Science: Introduction............................................................. 823
Ana Maria Sastre and Anil Kumar Pabby
Chapter 29 Treatment ofRadioactive Effluents:Introduction, Fundamentals,and Scope of Different
Membrane Processes........................................................................................................................................ 827
B.M.Misraand V.Ramachandhran
Chapter 30 RadioactiveWasteProcessing: Advancementin Pressure-DrivenProcesses
and Current World Scenario............................................................................................................................. 843
GrazynaZakrzewska-Trznadel
Chapter 31 Liquid Membrane-Based Separations of Actinides.......................................................................................... 883
P.K. Mohapatra and V.K. Manchanda
Chapter 32 Reverse Osmosis-Based Treatmentof RadioactiveLiquid Wastes Generated inHospital Facility
and inSteel Industry: Case Studies.................................................................................................................. 919
M. Sancho, J.M. Arnal, G. Verdú, andJ.Lora
Chapter 33 Evaluationof Membrane-Based Processing ofRadioactive Nuclear Plant Waste: Case Studies................... 933
Anil Kumar Pabby, S.K. Gupta, S.R. Sawant,N.S. Rathore, P.Janardan,
R.D. Changrani, and P.K.Dey
Chapter 34 Application of Donnan Membrane Process forRecovery ofCoagulants from Water
Treatment Residuals......................................................................................................................................... 945
PrakharPrakashand Arup K. SenGupta
Chapter 35 Utilization of Membrane Processes inTreating Various Effluents Generated
inPulp and Paper Industry............................................................................................................................... 981
Mika Mänttäri and MarianneNyström
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Chapter 36 Membrane Bioreactors forWastewater Treatment......................................................................................... 1007
Eoin Casey
Chapter 37 Membrane-Assisted Solvent Extractionfor theRecovery of Metallic Pollutants:Process
Modelingand Optimization............................................................................................................................ 1023
Inmaculada Ortiz and J. Angel Irabien
Chapter 38 Membrane Contactors forGaseousStreamsTreatments............................................................................... 1041
AlessandraCriscuoli and Enrico Drioli
Chapter 39 Strip Dispersion Technique:Application for Strategic and PreciousMetalSeparation
and Treatmentof WastewaterStreams........................................................................................................... 1057
Anil Kumar Pabby, S.C. Roy,J.V.Sonawane, F.J. Alguacil,and Ana Maria Sastre
Chapter 40 Electrically Enhanced Membrane Separations and Catalysis......................................................................... 1071
V.M. Linkov, B.J. Bladergroen,and A.M. Maluleke
Chapter 41 Membrane Processes forTreatment ofIndustrial Tannery Effluents:ACaseStudy.................................... 1087
A.Bódalo, E.Gómez, andA.M.Hidalgo
Chapter 42 New Developments in Nanofiltration Technology: ACase Study on Recovery
of Impurity-Free Sodium Thiocyanatefor AcrylicFiber Industry................................................................. 1101
S.Sridhar and B.Smitha
Chapter 43 Future Progresses inMembrane Engineering................................................................................................. 1131
Enrico Drioli andEnricaFontananova
Index...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1147
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Foreword
During the middle of the last century, when the first synthetic membrane with tailor-made separation properties became
available, a multitude of technically and commercially interesting applications were identified. Today, 50 years later,
membranes and membrane processes have indeed become valuable tools for the separation of molecular mixtures. They are
thekeycomponentsinartificialorgansandindevicesforthecontrolledreleaseofactiveagents,orinenergyconversion and
storage systems. Seawater and brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are energy efficient and
highlyeconomicprocessesforlarge-scaleproductionofpotablewater.Micro-andultrafiltrationareusedfortheproductionof
high-qualityindustrialwaterandforthetreatmentofindustrialeffluents.Blooddetoxificationbyhemodialysisandhemofiltra-
tion improves the quality of life for more than 1.3 million people suffering from acute and chronic renal failure. Membrane
processeshavefoundamultitude ofapplicationsinchemicalandpharmaceuticalindustriesaswellasinfoodprocessingand
biotechnology.Theyareusedonalargescaleingasseparationandastoolsinanalyticallaboratories.Today’smembrane-based
industryisservingarapidlygrowingmultibillioneuromarketwithalargenumberofproductsandprocesses.Thedevelopment
ofmembraneswithimprovedpropertieswillmostlikelyincreasetheimportanceofmembranesandmembraneprocessesina
growing numberof applicationsfor thesustainable growthof modern industrial societies.
Theterm‘‘membrane’’refersnottoasingleitem,butcoversalargevarietyofstructuresandmaterialswithverydifferent
properties. The same is true for membrane processes, which can be very different in the way they function. However, all
membranes and membrane processes have one feature in common, i.e., they can perform the separation of certain molecular
mixtures effectively and economically atambienttemperature, and without any toxic or harmful reaction by-products.
In the early days of membrane science and technology, research was mainly concentrated on elucidating the membrane
masstransportmechanismandondevelopingmembranestructureswithspecificmasstransportproperties.Thefundamentals
of most membrane processes and membrane preparation procedures are described in great detail in a large number of
publications in various scientific journals and in several excellent textbooks. However, the application of membranes and
membraneprocessesismuchlesscomprehensivelycoveredintoday’sliterature.Onlyarelativelysmallnumberofapplications
ofmembraneprocessessuchasreverseosmosis,micro-andultrafiltration,andgasseparationandpervaporationaretreatedin
textbooksandreferencebooks.Alargenumberofinterestingmembraneapplicationsinthefoodanddrugindustry,inchemical
and electrochemical synthesis, and in artificial organs are often not adequately treated in the membrane-related literature, but
are published in journals specific for certain industries, which are outside of the interest of many membrane scientists.
Furthermore, application-oriented membrane studies that are often carried out in industrial enterprises are described only as
patents, or are not published at all. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a reasonably complete overview of the very large and
heterogeneousfieldofmembrane applications withoutreadinganumberofverydifferent journalsandpatentswheremostof
thepublications are notreally membrane related.
TheaimofHandbookofMembraneSeparations:Chemical,Pharmaceutical,Food,andBiotechnologicalApplicationsisto
fillthegapinthepresentlyavailablemembraneliteraturebyprovidingacomprehensivediscussionofmembraneapplicationsin
the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries, in biotechnology, and in the treatment of toxic industrial effluents. The
applicationsof membranes in different areas are described byscientists and engineerswho notonly areexpertsinmembrane
science and technology but also have extensive experience in the specific field of membrane application. This book is not
competitive, but rather complementary to other textbooks and handbooks on membrane science and technology presently
available in the market. It provides enough background information on the various membrane components and processes to
evaluatetheirpotentialapplicationswithoutadetailedtreatmentofthefundamentalaspectsofmembranemasstransporttheories
and membrane structure development. The book should, therefore, be of great value to scientists and engineers who are not
necessarilymembraneexpertsbutareinterestedinusingmembraneprocessesinsolvingspecificseparationandmasstransport
problems.Itisequallysuitedforthenewcomersinthefieldofmembranescienceasforengineersandscientists,whodohave
basicknowledgeinmembranetechnologybutareinterestedinobtainingmoreinformationonspecificpresentandpotentialfuture
membraneapplications.Italsoprovidesanexcellentbaseforcoursesandlecturesinpostgraduateeducation.
Professor Heiner Strathmann
University ofStuttgart
Germany
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