Handbook of membrane reactors: Volume 1: Fundamental materials science, design and optimisation

690 Pages·2013·18.325 MB·English

by  Angelo Basile

Handbook of membrane reactors
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy: Number 55
Handbook of
membrane reactors
Volume 1: Fundamental
materials science, design
and optimisation
Edited by
Angelo Basile
Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited,
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
Contents
Contributor contact details xiii
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy xix
Preface xxv
Part I Polymeric, dense metallic and composite
membranes for membrane reactors 1
1 Polymeric membranes for membrane reactors 3
J. VITAL, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal and
J. M. SOUSA, Universidade de Tr á s-os-Montes e Alto Douro,
Portugal and Universidade do Porto, Portugal
1.1 Introduction: polymer properties for
membrane reactors 3
1.2 Basics of polymer membranes 6
1.3 Membrane reactors 12
1.4 Modelling of polymeric catalytic membrane reactors 27
1.5 Conclusions 31
1.6 References 32
1.7 Appendix: nomenclature 40
2 Inorganic membrane reactors for hydrogen
production: an overview with particular emphasis
on dense metallic membrane materials 42
A. BASILE, ITM-CNR, Italy, J. TONG, Colorado School of
Mines, USA and P. MILLET, University of Paris (11), France
2.1 Introduction 42
2.2 Development of inorganic membrane reactors (MRs) 46
2.3 Types of membranes 69
2.4 Preparation of dense metallic membranes 99
2.5 Preparation of Pd-composite membranes 104
v
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
vi Contents
2.6 Preparation of Pd–Ag alloy membranes 115
2.7 Preparation of Pd–Cu alloy composite membranes 119
2.8 Preparation of Pd–Au membranes 121
2.9 Preparation of amorphous alloy membranes 123
2.10 Degradation of dense metallic membranes 126
2.11 Conclusions and future trends 130
2.12 Acknowledgements 133
2.13 References 133
2.14 Appendix: nomenclature 146
3 Palladium-based composite membranes for
hydrogen separation in membrane reactors 149
P. PINACCI, Research on the Energetic System (RSE)
S.p.A., Italy and A. BASILE, ITM-CNR, Italy
3.1 Introduction 149
3.2 Development of composite membranes 151
3.3 Palladium and palladium-alloy composite membranes
for hydrogen separation 155
3.4 Performances in membrane reactors 170
3.5 Conclusions and future trends 174
3.6 Acknowledgements 174
3.7 References 175
3.8 Appendix: nomenclature 181
4 Alternatives to palladium in membranes for
hydrogen separation: nickel, niobium and vanadium
alloys, ceramic supports for metal alloys and porous
glass membranes 183
A. SANTUCCI and S. TOSTI, ENEA, Italy and A. BASILE,
ITM-CNR, Italy
4.1 Introduction 183
4.2 Materials 185
4.3 Membrane synthesis and characterization 190
4.4 Applications 208
4.5 Conclusions 211
4.6 References 212
4.7 Appendix: nomenclature 217
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
Contents vii
5 Nanocomposite membranes for membrane reactors 218
A. GUGLIUZZA, ITM-CNR, Italy
5.1 Introduction 218
5.2 An overview of fabrication techniques 219
5.3 Examples of organic/inorganic nanocomposite membranes 222
5.4 Structure-property relationships in nanostructured
composite membranes 225
5.5 Major application of hybrid nanocomposites in membrane
reactors 230
5.6 Conclusions and future trends 235
5.7 References 236
5.8 Appendix: nomenclature 241
Part II Zeolite, ceramic and carbon membranes and
catalysts for membrane reactors 243
6 Zeolite membrane reactors 245
C. ALGIERI, ITM-CNR, Italy and A. COMITE and
G. CAPANNELLI, University of Genoa, Italy
6.1 Introduction 245
6.2 Separation using zeolite membranes 250
6.3 Zeolite membrane reactors 254
6.4 Modeling of zeolite membrane reactors 260
6.5 Scale-up and scale-down of zeolite membranes 262
6.6 Conclusion and future trends 264
6.7 References 264
6.8 Appendix: nomenclature 269
7 Dense ceramic membranes for membrane reactors 271
X. TAN, Tianjin Polytechnic University, China and
K. LI, Imperial College London, UK
7.1 Introduction 271
7.2 Principles of dense ceramic membrane reactors 274
7.3 Membrane preparation and catalyst incorporation 282
7.4 Fabrication of membrane reactors 288
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
viii Contents
7.5 Conclusion and future trends 291
7.6 Acknowledgements 292
7.7 References 292
7.8 Appendices 294
8 Porous ceramic membranes for membrane reactors 298
S. SMART, The University of Queensland, Australia,
S. LIU, Curtin University, Australia, J. M. SERRA, Universidad
Polit é cnica de Valencia, Spain, J. C. DINIZ DA COSTA,
The University of Queensland, Australia and
A. IULIANELLI and A. BASILE, ITM-CNR, Italy
8.1 Introduction 298
8.2 Preparation of porous ceramic membranes 301
8.3 Characterisation of ceramic membranes 313
8.4 Transport and separation of gases in
ceramic membranes 319
8.5 Ceramic membrane reactors 322
8.6 Conclusions and future trends 326
8.7 Acknowledgements 328
8.8 References 328
8.9 Appendix: nomenclature 335
9 Microporous silica membranes: fundamentals and
applications in membrane reactors for hydrogen
separation 337
S. SMART, J. BELTRAMINI, J. C. DINIZ DA COSTA,
The University of Queensland, Australia and
A. HARALE, S. P. KATIKANENI and T. PHAM, Saudi
Aramco, Saudi Arabia
9.1 Introduction 337
9.2 Microporous silica membranes 338
9.3 Membrane reactor function and arrangement 343
9.4 Membrane reactor performance metrics and
design parameters 346
9.5 Catalytic reactions in a membrane reactor
confi guration 348
9.6 Industrial considerations 358
9.7 Future trends and conclusions 361
9.8 Acknowledgements 363
9.9 References 363
9.10 Appendix: nomenclature 368
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013
Contents ix
10 Carbon-based membranes for membrane reactors 370
K. BRICE Ñ O, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain,
A. BASILE, ITM-CNR, Italy, J. TONG, Colorado School
of Mines, USA and K. HARAYA, National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
10.1 Introduction 370
10.2 Unsupported carbon membranes 376
10.3 Supported carbon membranes 377
10.4 Carbon membrane reactors (CMRs) 381
10.5 Micro carbon-based membrane reactors 393
10.6 Conclusions and future trends 396
10.7 Acknowledgements 397
10.8 References 398
10.9 Appendix: nomenclature 400
11 Advances in catalysts for membrane reactors 401
M. HUUHTANEN, P. K. SEELAM, T. KOLLI, E. TURPEINEN and
R. L. KEISKI, University of Oulu, Finland
11.1 Introduction 401
11.2 Requirements of catalysts for membrane reactors 404
11.3 Catalyst design, preparation and formulation 407
11.4 Case studies in membrane reactors 415
11.5 Deactivation of catalysts 419
11.6 The role of catalysts in supporting sustainability 423
11.7 Conclusions and future trends 424
11.8 References 425
11.9 Appendix: nomenclature 432
Part III Membrane reactor modelling, simulation
and optimisation 433
12 Mathematical modelling of membrane reactors:
overview of strategies and applications for the
modelling of a hydrogen-selective membrane reactor 435
M. DE FALCO, University of Rome ‘Campus Bio-Medico’,
Italy and A. BASILE, ITM-CNR, Italy
12.1 Introduction 435
12.2 Membrane reactor concept and modelling 437
12.3 A hydrogen-selective membrane reactor application:
natural gas steam reforming 445
12.4 Conclusions 458
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013